CN104384586A - Method for processing integral impeller by using four-axis numerical-control milling machine - Google Patents

Method for processing integral impeller by using four-axis numerical-control milling machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104384586A
CN104384586A CN201410521913.8A CN201410521913A CN104384586A CN 104384586 A CN104384586 A CN 104384586A CN 201410521913 A CN201410521913 A CN 201410521913A CN 104384586 A CN104384586 A CN 104384586A
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impeller
processing
axis
cutter
milling
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CN104384586B (en
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黄杰
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Sichuan Fanhua Aviation Instrument and Electrical Co Ltd
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Sichuan Fanhua Aviation Instrument and Electrical Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C3/00Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/16Working surfaces curved in two directions
    • B23C3/18Working surfaces curved in two directions for shaping screw-propellers, turbine blades, or impellers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/04Plain cutters, i.e. having essentially a cylindrical or tapered cutting surface of substantial length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C2220/00Details of milling processes
    • B23C2220/64Using an endmill, i.e. a shaft milling cutter, to generate profile of a crankshaft or camshaft

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Numerical Control (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for processing an integral impeller by using a four-axis numerical-control milling machine. The method is high in cutting efficiency, helps to reduce processing cost, shorten processing time and simplify the number of movement shafts participating linkage when four-axis processing is performed. The method is realized through the following technical scheme: employing a lead reference line projection revolution processing manner in programming, so as to enable a milling cutter to perform multi-axis linked milling processing along with the impeller lead curvature change, and using a fixed-axis manner to arrange the cutter axis to be perpendicular to the processing path direction, so as to enable cutter path direction to superposed with the impeller revolution-shaft axial lead and generate a four-axis milling machine multi-axis linked processing digital control program; fixedly disposing an impeller part at the revolution shaft A center of the four-axis milling machine, calculating out the tapered angle of an impeller blade according to the lead and the diameter of the impeller, blade thickness and other parameters, arranging the processing direction of the tapered flat-bottom milling cutter to be X direction of the milling machine revolution shaft, and unchanging the revolution shaft axis position along Y direction during processing; and controlling the milling cutter to perform multi-axis linked milling processing along with the impeller lead curvature change.

Description

The method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel
Technical field
The invention relates to the NC Milling method adopting four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel.
Background technology
Integral wheel refers to and the blade of conventional impellers structure and wheel disc is designed to overall structure.Integral wheel is because blade profile is complicated, and required precision is high, and tool sharpening accessibility is poor.Blade is thin, and distortion is large, and spacing with blades is little, and the thin stressed rear distortion of blade is large; Impeller material mostly is high temperature resistant, has the difficult-to-machine material of high specific strength specific stiffness, so the processing and manufacturing of integral wheel is difficult to.Integral wheel is made up of wheel hub and some blades, blade is evenly distributed on hub surface, adjacent two blades, and the space that wheel hub surface is formed is circulation road, there is the transition face of a rounding junction of each blade and wheel hub, to ensure the smooth splicing between blade and wheel hub.Blade profile is a kind of skew ruled surface, and lead in moving curve for two at ruled surface, that crossing with hub surface is called blade root line, and other one is called leaf top line, and they provide with tabular form respectively.The method of the processing integral wheel adopted both at home and abroad mainly contains numerical control milling, hot investment casting, precision forging, digital control processing, numerical control electric spark processing and numerical control combined electrical machining.NC milling is most widely used integral wheel manufacture method.Impeller is the critical component of turbomachinery, and its digital control processing is the focus of research always, usually needs to process at 5 axis linkage numerical control lathes.GE company of the U.S. and P & W company, R.R company of Britain etc., when developing integral wheel, all have employed Five Axis NC milling technology.In the NC Machining Process of integral wheel, the working space of cutter is subject to the strict restriction of blade wheel structure, much more complicated than Machining Free-Form Surfaces of interference.Space between adjacent blades is less, and cutter very easily interferes with adjacent blades.In reality processing, due at present domestic also there is no a comparative maturity and adaptable CAD/CAM system, most producer producing impeller also relies on from the software of external import to complete its 5 coordinate digital control processing.Import software is all generally closed operation module, and the technical data of its difficult point and some key issues is difficult to obtain.Although current domestic most impeller manufacturer all adopts CAD/CAM software, the numerical control program of these Software Creates is not fully up to expectations, and the numerical control milling method of NC milling integral wheel also has some key technical problems when practical application.One, because tool wear causes mismachining tolerance, though programming can be adopted to compensate, its wear law needs for different materials research experiment; Its two, along with the use of the hard-cutting material such as new type high temperature, high strength is increasing, and 5 coordinate digital control processings require higher to cutter, due to Tool in Cutting performance but backwardness relatively, the NC milling of integral wheel are restricted significantly; They are three years old, for narrow gaps between leaf, the impeller that bending degree is larger, staight shank cutter has been difficult to, and overall unshrouded impeller class part is limited by the few restriction of five-axis machine tool expensive equipment quantity, machining period can be caused with high costs with five-axis machine tool processing impeller, greatly improve manufacturing cost, and four axle lathes relatively to equip quantity more, use cost is low, is conducive to cutting down finished cost.But conventional method processes impeller often with the processing of bulb taper end milling cutter on four axle lathes, and it carries out a cutting with rose cutter, and not only working (machining) efficiency is low, and the uniformity of finished surface is poor, and Surface hardened layer is serious.And adopt the tool sharpening impeller of fixing tapering, do not consider the curved surface change of different impeller, finished surface is convex curve along machining direction, cutter-contact point trace is sag vertical curve, mismachining tolerance is larger, what it finally generated is four-axle linked procedure, like this because the linkage motion cutting motion number of axle too much causes cutter to bear larger cutting force, and then cause processing vibrations excessive, quality of work piece surface is declined, fineness is poor, machined trace is large, and rose cutter is not also suitable for Dayu amount cutting, its chip removal ability is poor, making cutting speed be difficult to lifting causes working (machining) efficiency low.Therefore the surface quality of workpieces of traditional four axle machine tooling methods in impeller Machining of Curved Surface is unsatisfactory, does not give full play of the advantage of four axle machine tooling impeller curved surface class parts.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the weak point existed for prior art, provide a kind of chip removal unobstructed, stock-removing efficiency is high, processing cost is low, can process time be shortened, the motion number of axle of the participation interlock of Four-axis milling can be simplified, by the NC Milling method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention can be reached by following measures, and a kind of method of four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
In (a) programming, impeller pattern is built according to impeller parameters in CAD software PowerSHAPE, import in CAM software Powermill, working origin is set in the impeller centre of gyration, helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode is adopted to set up Processing Strategies, by impeller helical pitch parameter production and processing reference line, according to helical pitch, the diameter of impeller, vane thickness parameter calculates the taper angle of impeller blade; In tool management module, tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 model is generated according to blade height, groove width and taper angle, in cutter shaft vector module, select fixed axis pattern, adopt helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process; By fixed axis mode, tool axis is set perpendicular to machining path direction again, machining direction overlaps with blade revolving shaft heart line 4, generate the linkage motion cutting cutter track track program of four axle lathe X-axis and A axle, call corresponding post processing according to machining tool control system and structure and generate procedure;
B Impeller Parts 1 is fixed on the gyroaxis A axle center of four axle lathes by (), and the working origin of lathe Y-direction and Z-direction is arranged on the A axle centre of gyration; And work in-process tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X to, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position;
C () carries out the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of impeller at four axis processing center, control tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process.
The present invention has following beneficial effect compared to prior art,
The present invention adopts tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 to carry out the Four-axis milling of overall unshrouded impeller 1, and straight shank end mill compared by its cutter and taper ball head slotting cutter has better processing rigidity and chip resistance, is more suitable for narrow gaps between leaf, the Impeller Machining that bending degree is larger.
The present invention calculates the cone angle of tapering cutter according to different impeller parameters, control cutter axle center 3 to overlap with impeller axial line 4, keep processing machining direction and carry out along blade revolving shaft heart line 4, the matching processing of spoon of blade is done completely by cutter taper face, the Machining of Curved Surface of impeller is realized by four axle lathe X-axis and the multi-shaft interlocked mode of A axle, the working ability of four axle rotation workbench of machine tools can be given full play to, simplify the motion number of axle that Four-axis milling participates in interlock.This method can improve working (machining) efficiency and piece surface fineness, better plays the processing characteristics of four-shaft numerically controlled lathe with improving production efficiency.
The present invention is according to the helical pitch of impeller, diameter, the parameters such as vane thickness calculate the taper angle of impeller blade, special tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 is produced by blade height and groove width, and work in-process tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X to, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position, make tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 conical surface follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out curved surface interlock Milling Process, compare spherical milling cutter due to flat tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 processing line speed and want large, improve working (machining) efficiency and piece surface fineness, give full play of the technical advantage of four axle lathe linkage motion cutting.
The present invention adopts four axle revolution Processing Strategies in programming software, make the milling cutter conical surface follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out curved surface interlock Milling Process, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position, compare ball-type tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 due to its processing line speed of tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 and want large, chip removal is unobstructed, stock-removing efficiency is high, can make shorten process time, enhance productivity.
Impeller Parts 1 is fixed on the gyroaxis center of four axle lathes by the present invention, and lathe Y-direction and Z-direction working origin are arranged on the A axle centre of gyration, can farthest optimize tool sharpening path, the motion number of axle of the participation interlock of processing when simplifying four axles.
The present invention calculates impeller blade taper angle according to the parameter of impeller, makes special tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 machining blade curved surface, adopts tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 to process the rigidity namely maintaining cutter, is applicable to again the deep trouth between machining blade.
The present invention adopts helical pitch reference line to project and turns round processing mode in program composition, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and form multi-shaft interlocked cutter track, the matching Milling Process of curved surface is carried out with milling cutter taper WEDM face, adopt fixing cutter shaft motion mode that tool sharpening path is set, the numerical control program of succinctly efficient four axle lathe Multi-axis simultaneous machinings can be generated.
The present invention adjusts the tolerance of blade processing size, and causes mismachining tolerance for due to tool wear, can carry out migration in programming along X-axis coordinate direction.Its deviant can according to spoon of blade and cutter contact point place surface normal vector side-play amount, according to the adjustment needs of size, by the bias of impeller helical pitch reference line and impeller axial angle calcu-lation X-axis coordinate direction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
What Fig. 1 showed is four axle lathe Impeller Machining schematic diagrames.
What Fig. 2 showed is that tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 processes impeller schematic diagram.
In figure: 1 Impeller Parts, 2 tapering flat-bottom end mill, 3 cutter axial line 3,4 blade revolving shaft heart lines.
Detailed description of the invention
Consult Fig. 1, Fig. 2.Parameter situation is provided according to impeller shown in Fig. 1, impeller pattern can be built according to impeller parameters in CAD software PowerSHAPE, import in CAM software Powermill, working origin is set in impeller 1 centre of gyration, helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode is adopted to set up Processing Strategies, by impeller helical pitch parameter production and processing reference line, according to the helical pitch of impeller, diameter, vane thickness parameter calculates the taper angle of impeller blade, in tool management module, according to blade height, groove width blade and taper angle generate tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 model, fixed axis pattern is selected in cutter shaft vector module, adopt fixed axis mode that cutter axial line 3 is set perpendicular to machining path direction, machining direction overlaps with blade revolving shaft heart line 4, control milling cutter is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and is carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process, the linkage motion cutting cutter track track of four axle lathe X-axis and A axle can be generated, call corresponding post processing according to machining tool control system and structure and generate procedure.Then carry out numerical control program machining interference with simulation software Vericut to cross and cut checking, guarantee that processing did not occur to cut and collision rift, the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of impeller can be carried out at four axis processing center.
Flat for tapering vertical milling is placed in the blade revolving shaft heart, according to the feature of typical four its structure band of axle lathe VMC700 A axle rotary tables, Impeller Parts 1 is fixed on the gyroaxis A axle center of four axle lathes, and the working origin of lathe Y-direction and Z-direction is arranged on the A axle centre of gyration, keep Y-direction in processing to be in revolution axle center invariant position.According to helical pitch, the diameter of impeller, the parameters such as vane thickness calculate the taper angle of impeller blade, produce special tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 by blade height and groove width, and the cutter axial line 3 of tapering flat-bottom end mill 2 is overlapped with blade revolving shaft heart line 4 by work in-process.And the tolerance of blade processing size is adjusted, and cause mismachining tolerance for due to tool wear, Y-direction in processing can be kept in programming to be in revolution axle center invariant position, migration is carried out along X-axis coordinate direction, its deviant can according to spoon of blade and cutter contact point place surface normal vector side-play amount, according to the adjustment needs of size, by the bias of impeller helical pitch reference line and impeller axial angle calcu-lation X-axis coordinate direction.In program composition, cutter start position is offset along X axis, adopt the Processing Strategies of helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing, make tapering flat-bottom end mill follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and form Multi-axis simultaneous machining numerical control program.

Claims (3)

1. a method for four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
In (a) programming, impeller pattern is built according to impeller parameters in CAD software PowerSHAPE, import in CAM software Powermill, working origin is set in the impeller centre of gyration, helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode is adopted to set up Processing Strategies, by impeller helical pitch parameter production and processing reference line, according to helical pitch, the diameter of impeller, vane thickness parameter calculates the taper angle of impeller blade; In tool management module, tapering flat-bottom end mill (2) model is generated according to blade height, groove width and taper angle, fixed axis pattern is selected in cutter shaft vector module, adopt helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing mode, make milling cutter follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and carry out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process; By fixed axis mode, tool axis is set perpendicular to machining path direction again, machining direction overlaps with blade revolving shaft heart line (4), generate the linkage motion cutting cutter track track program of four axle lathe X-axis and A axle, call corresponding post processing according to machining tool control system and structure and generate procedure;
B Impeller Parts (1) is fixed on the gyroaxis A axle center of four axle lathes by (), and the working origin of lathe Y-direction and Z-direction is arranged on the A axle centre of gyration; And work in-process tapering flat-bottom end mill (2) machine direction is set to machine tool rotary direction of principal axis X to, in processing, Y-direction keeps revolution axle center invariant position;
C () carries out the Multi-axis simultaneous machining of impeller at four axis processing center, control tapering flat-bottom end mill (2) is followed impeller helical pitch line Curvature varying and carried out multi-shaft interlocked Milling Process.
2. the method for four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in programming, keep Y-direction in processing to be in revolution axle center invariant position, migration is carried out along X-axis coordinate direction, deviant is according to spoon of blade and cutter contact point place Surface Method vector shift, according to the adjustment needs of size, by the bias of impeller helical pitch reference line and impeller axial angle calcu-lation X-axis coordinate direction.
3. the method for four-shaft numerically controlled milling machine tool processing integral wheel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in program composition, cutter start position is offset along X axis, adopt the Processing Strategies of helical pitch reference line projection revolution processing, make tapering flat-bottom end mill follow impeller helical pitch Curvature varying and form Multi-axis simultaneous machining numerical control program.
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CN105397163A (en) * 2015-11-01 2016-03-16 四川泛华航空仪表电器有限公司 Method for numerical control machining of impeller by utilization of macroprogram
CN106292545A (en) * 2016-08-18 2017-01-04 四川泛华航空仪表电器有限公司 The method utilizing macroprogram digital control processing Cylinder Surface
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CN106292545B (en) * 2016-08-18 2019-03-01 四川泛华航空仪表电器有限公司 Utilize the method for macroprogram numerical control processing Cylinder Surface
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CN111736526A (en) * 2020-07-02 2020-10-02 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 Compensation method for over-cutting of straight-grained impeller blade
CN111736526B (en) * 2020-07-02 2021-12-14 无锡航亚科技股份有限公司 Compensation method for over-cutting of straight-grained impeller blade
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CN114211030A (en) * 2022-01-04 2022-03-22 重庆江增船舶重工有限公司 Machining method for prolonging service life of titanium alloy straight-line blade semi-finish milling cutter
CN114406618A (en) * 2022-01-25 2022-04-29 贵州新安航空机械有限责任公司 Processing technology of integral impeller for cooling fan
CN114799754A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-07-29 苏州千机智能软件有限公司 Stator blade ring machining method, electronic equipment and machining equipment
CN114850549A (en) * 2022-04-28 2022-08-05 成都航空职业技术学院 Method for machining blade based on four-axis linkage machining center
CN114850549B (en) * 2022-04-28 2024-02-23 成都航空职业技术学院 Method for machining blades based on four-axis linkage machining center
CN115373342A (en) * 2022-08-06 2022-11-22 超同步股份有限公司 Post-processing method, device, equipment and medium for vertical turning and milling composite five-axis machine tool

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