CN1124447A - 一种尤其适用于脊柱固定的固定装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种尤其适用于固定脊柱的固定装置,它具一个固定板(1),该固定板带有第一端(12)和与之相对着的第二端(13),每一端各自有至少一个孔(14)用来容纳骨螺钉,骨螺钉通过一个锁定机构(15)确保其避免在第二转向转动。锁定机构具有与所旋入的螺钉实现啮合的带弹性的构件(30、31、32),它构成固定板的一部分,并且沿第一转向转动螺钉时该带弹性的构件可从在固定板内的凹槽(35)内的锁定位置偏转开。
Description
本发明涉及一种固定装置,它尤其适用于按照本发明权利要求1的前序部分的固定脊柱的固定装置。
当脊柱的两节椎骨尤其在颈椎段要相互连接时,需应用固定装置。传统的固定装置由一个固定板组成,它借助至少两个旋入要连接的椎骨内的骨螺钉来被固定。
特别在颈椎段,由于头部的运动存在这样的倾向,即螺钉易被松动、旋转甚至脱落,这样就无法保证椎骨的稳固连接。
本发明的目的是提供一种固定装置,它可确保螺钉避免松开的转动。
通过权利要求1所述的一种固定装置可达到此目的。
该固定装置具有以下优点:可确保螺钉避免其所不希望的旋出,以至每个螺钉都保持紧固状态,并且不需要额外设置避免螺钉旋出的锁定装置。因此通常的螺丝保险方法,如借助带弹簧的齿锁垫片、盖舌及类似构件可以放弃,它们在对脊柱手术时操作不便。
具有优点的其它设计将在从属权利要求中给出。
下面将参照图对一实施例进行说明,附图中:
图1示出固定板的俯视图;
图2是图1中沿A—A线截面的放大图;
图3是图1中局部B的放大图;
图4是一骨螺钉的侧视图;
图5是图4中骨螺钉头部的俯视图;
图6是描述骨螺钉在最终紧固前旋入时的状态的一个截面图;
图7是描述骨螺钉最终紧固状态的一个截面图。
如图1所示,该固定装置有一个基本呈矩形的固定板1、在后面的叙述中,D代表板的沿矩形长度方向延伸的中心线;C代表与D垂直的沿矩形横向延伸的中心线。
其固定板1的形状是这样的,它的拐角10呈圆形,它的两长边11对称地朝着中心线D弯曲。
该板具有第一端12和与之相对着的第二端13,其每端都各自带有两个容纳骨螺钉的孔14。孔14呈两两对称于中心线C和中心线D设置。
如图3所示,每个孔14都做成长形孔,其长形孔的长轴平行于中心线D延伸,每个长形孔都与一个其直径等于长形孔短轴直径的圆形孔重叠,使圆形孔的中点M落在长形孔的长轴上,并朝中心线G方向偏离长形孔的中点。圆形孔带有一埋头孔16其形状与骨螺钉头适配,对此内容后面还将叙述。
从图1可以看出,板1在每个孔的靠中心线C一侧都有一个锁定机构15用于锁定骨螺钉2。
锁定机构15被做成有弹性的构件,它是固定板1的一部分并在板平面之内,它可从固定板1上直接切削而成,并能沿固定板平面方向在固定板内切削后形成的凹槽35内偏转。
如图3所示,锁定机构有一曲桥段30,其一端切入固定板1内。在朝曲率中心一侧,一直桥段31与曲桥段的另一端相连成一尖角,直桥段31的自由端弯曲并转向曲桥段30的方向。从固定板的切入点看,曲桥段30的曲率是一左向曲率。从由曲桥段30和直桥段31所构成的锁定机构15的顶点17到圆形孔中心点M的距离小于圆形孔的半径,这就是说顶点17略突出于圆形孔内,这一点也可从图2清楚地看到。
直桥段31沿圆形孔的径向延伸并与曲桥段30在顶点17处围成一大约60°的夹角。锁定机构15是有弹性的并能在固定板1的凹槽35内从上面所述的不受力位置(图3中实线)向曲桥段30的曲率中心方向偏转(图3中虚线)。曲桥段的背向曲率中心一侧与板体60邻接。在虚线所示的偏转位置,从锁定机构的顶点17到圆形孔中心点M的间隔大于或等于圆形孔周围的埋头孔16的外半径。
该固定装置还有如图4所示的骨螺钉2用于固定板1的固定。骨螺钉2具有螺钉头20和螺杆21。螺钉头20在与螺杆相连的一侧有一几乎呈截球形的边缘,其截面中心落在背向螺杆一侧并在螺杆的长轴上。螺钉头的直径等于或略小于圆形孔的埋头孔16的直径,螺钉头20的球拱形边缘上有槽齿23,锁定机构15与其啮合从而达到锁定。
从图5可以看出,槽齿被做成如下形式:每个齿均由指向螺钉头轴向的第一齿面51和与这一方向组成一尖角的第二齿面52组成。第二齿面的布置是这样确定的:如把顺时针方向看作第一转向,其第二齿面对第一转向而言处在第一齿面前。在螺钉旋入状态下,其螺钉头20处在圆形孔的埋头孔16内,而锁定机构15的直桥段31紧贴槽齿23的第一齿面51,并构成锁定。
在螺钉头20背面螺杆21一侧的中央有一六角形内孔用于插入螺钉扳手使螺钉2旋转。
固定板1和骨螺钉2采用人体亲和性金属,尤其是钛来制造。
参照图1至图5,锁定机构的工作原理如下:沿第一转向即顺时针方向旋入螺钉,当螺钉头20一到达埋头孔16的区域内,第二齿面52就沿锁定机构15的曲桥段30滑动使锁定机构偏转,使直桥段31从它被第一齿面51的锁定位置被推开,从而使螺钉头滑动。此时,从锁定机构的顶点17到圆形孔的中心点M的间隔大于圆形孔的半径。每当第二齿面52滑过后,有弹性的锁定机构15又卡入前面所述的锁定位置。
在试图使螺钉旋出的沿与第一转向相反的第二转向的转动中,槽齿的第一齿面51被压着所紧贴的锁定机构的直桥段31,而锁定机构的顶点17被紧夹在槽齿中,以至如不借助其它辅助工具将锁定机构偏转到虚线所示的位置的话,螺钉不可能旋出。
下面参照图6和图7对固定板1的固定加以说明。
图6示出带孔14的固定板的局部截面图和螺钉在最终紧固前的状态。螺钉大约处在长形孔的长轴中点上,接着螺杆21被继续旋入直至螺钉头20碰到非埋头孔的长形孔边缘的上边18。
继续沿第一转向旋入时,螺钉头20将从上边18被推开并进入与长形孔重叠的圆形孔的形状适合的埋头孔16中,此时骨螺钉2的头部20在圆形孔中,因此分别与固定板的第一端和第二端用螺钉固定的椎骨被相互压上。图7给出了固定板1与骨螺钉2完全紧固状态下的截面图。
长形孔的横向直径、即也是处在埋头孔16中心的孔的直径是与螺钉2的杆相关,以使螺钉2象图6所示的那样在孔轴周围15°角内的任何方向旋入。如图4和图7所示,沿轴向,齿面几乎布满整个钉头高度上,因此对于倾斜旋入的螺钉同样能以上面所述的形式实现锁定。
Claims (15)
1.一种尤其适用于固定脊柱的固定装置,具有一个固定板(1),该固定板带有第一端(12)和与之相对的第二端(13),其每一端至少有一个孔(14)用来容纳骨螺钉(2),骨螺钉有一螺杆(21),其第一转向为旋入;第二转向为旋出,其特征是,具有一个锁定机构(15,23)用于锁定骨螺钉以避免所不希望的沿第二转向的转动。
2.按照权利要求1所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的机构(15)具有一个与所旋入的骨螺钉啮合的有弹性的构件(30、31、32)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的骨螺钉(2)具有与螺杆(21)相毗连的螺钉头(20),螺钉头周边带有槽齿,所述的有弹性的构件与其啮合用于锁定。
4.按照权利要求3所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的槽齿(23)被做成如下形式:第一齿面(51)指向螺钉头(20)的径向;第二齿面(52)与该径向形成一尖角,并且就第一转向而言第二齿面处在第一齿面之前。
5.按照权利要求3或4所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的孔(14)为一长形孔,其长轴分别指在两端(12,13)上,该长孔与一等同直径的圆形孔重叠,圆形孔带有一埋头孔(16)用于与螺钉头(20)适配,使圆形孔的中心点(M)落在长形孔的长轴上并偏离长形孔中心点的方向的另一端。
6.按照权利要求2至5中任一项所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的有弹性的构件(30、31、32)由固定板(1)的一部分组成并处在其平面之内。
7.按照权利要求6所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的有弹性的构件具有与一固定板(1)相连的曲桥段(30)和一在曲率中心一侧的与曲桥段相接并与其组成一尖角的直桥段(31),该直桥段带有一向曲桥段方向弯转的自由尾端,从与固定板的接触点观察,曲桥形段是向左弯曲的。
8.按照权利要求6或7所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的带弹性的构件在固定板(1)的凹槽(35)内可向曲桥形段的曲率中心方向偏转。
9.按照权利要求8所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的带有弹性的构件被做成如下形式:当它在不受力状态下由曲桥形段(30)和直桥形段(17)所组成的尖顶(17)到圆形孔中心点的间距小于该圆形孔的半径。
10.按照权利要求8或9所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的带弹性的构件被造成如下形式:当它在偏转位置时,顶点(17)到圆形孔中民点的间距大于或等于圆形孔周围埋头孔(16)的外半径。
11.按照权利要求3至10中任一项所述的固定装置,其特征是,骨螺钉(2)的钉头(20)具有一基本呈截球形的边缘,其球截面的中心点位于背向螺杆(21)的一侧。
12.按照权利要求11所述的固定装置,其特征是,圆形孔的埋头孔(16)与螺钉头(20)的形状相适配。
13.按照权利要求1至12中任一项所述的固定装置,其特征是,在所述的固定板(1)的第一端(12)和第二端(13)各自有两个孔(14)。
14.按照权利要求1至13一项所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的固定板(1),锁定机构(15)和骨螺钉(2)都采用人体亲和性金属尤其是钛来制造。
15.按照权利要求3至14中任一项所述的固定装置,其特征是,所述的骨螺钉(2)在其螺钉头(20)的背向螺杆一侧有一内孔(55)用来插入螺钉扳手使螺钉转动。
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DE4409833A DE4409833A1 (de) | 1994-03-22 | 1994-03-22 | Stabilisierungseinrichtung, insbesondere zur Stabilisierung der Wirbelsäule |
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-
1994
- 1994-03-22 DE DE4409833A patent/DE4409833A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-03-01 AT AT95912177T patent/ATE193431T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-03-01 CA CA002163243A patent/CA2163243A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-03-01 JP JP7524327A patent/JPH08511189A/ja active Pending
- 1995-03-01 CN CN95190204A patent/CN1124447A/zh active Pending
- 1995-03-01 WO PCT/EP1995/000745 patent/WO1995025474A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-03-01 EP EP95912177A patent/EP0699057B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-01 DE DE59508414T patent/DE59508414D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-11-21 KR KR1019950705180A patent/KR960702282A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100486540C (zh) * | 2004-06-17 | 2009-05-13 | 华沙整形外科股份有限公司 | 使螺钉保持在板中的方法和器械 |
CN101170957A (zh) * | 2005-03-11 | 2008-04-30 | 新特斯有限责任公司 | 带弹簧梁固定器的平移板 |
US9949743B2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2018-04-24 | Stryker European Holdings I, Llc | Orthopedic jig, pin, and method |
CN103565506A (zh) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-12 | 索尔科生物医疗株式会社 | 具有自身张力部的颈椎固定装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0699057B1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
JPH08511189A (ja) | 1996-11-26 |
KR960702282A (ko) | 1996-04-27 |
DE4409833A1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
WO1995025474A1 (de) | 1995-09-28 |
CA2163243A1 (en) | 1995-09-28 |
DE59508414D1 (de) | 2000-07-06 |
ATE193431T1 (de) | 2000-06-15 |
EP0699057A1 (de) | 1996-03-06 |
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