CN112441992B - 一种含氮杂环化合物和可溶性多孔聚合物 - Google Patents
一种含氮杂环化合物和可溶性多孔聚合物 Download PDFInfo
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- -1 Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1408157 Chemical compound N=1C2=CC=CC=C2C(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KXZJHVJKXJLBKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D279/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D279/10—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines
- C07D279/14—1,4-Thiazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-thiazines condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D279/18—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings
- C07D279/20—[b, e]-condensed with two six-membered rings with hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/0622—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C08G73/0638—Polycondensates containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with at least three nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08G73/0644—Poly(1,3,5)triazines
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- C08J2379/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2361/00 - C08J2377/00
- C08J2379/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机合成技术领域,具体涉及一种含氮杂环化合物和可溶性多孔聚合物。
背景技术
有机多孔聚合物是由有机单元通过共价键连接的方式形成的多孔聚合物,而通过设计功能性有机单元以及控制聚合反应可以得到具有永久性孔道的网状框架结构。有机多孔聚合物与经典多孔材料(例如:分子筛、介孔硅等)相比,其最大的优势是可以利用有机构筑单元和合成反应的丰富多样性,从原子尺度上精确调控有机多孔聚合物的孔径大小、比表面积和孔道环境,得到具有特定结构和特定功能的有机多孔框架结构。随着合成反应的丰富和应用技术的不断拓展,有机多孔框架结构在气体存储和分离、催化、传感、能源存储、光电转化等界面化学领域的应用前景极大。
然而,有机多孔聚合物真正走向实际应用仍然有许多关键的问题有待解决,例如:有机多孔材料的加工成膜问题。大部分有机多孔聚合物都是通过薄膜的形式来进行应用,而有机多孔聚合物属于高交联度的高分子化合物,其制备过程是快速交联过程,导致有机多孔聚合物在反应后以不溶、不熔的粉末形式呈现,使得有机多孔聚合物很难加工成膜,限制了有机多孔聚合物的实际应用。解决有机多孔聚合物难溶解问题的关键在于如何合理调控有机多孔聚合物框架与有机溶剂分子的相互作用以及聚合物框架之间的相互作用。
因此,设计新型的有机单体分子和有机多孔聚合物对促进有机多孔聚合物的实际应用具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含氮杂环化合物和可溶性多孔聚合物。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
上述含氮杂环化合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)进行吩噻嗪的溴代反应,得到3,7-二溴吩噻嗪;
2)进行3,7-二溴吩噻嗪的氰基取代反应,得到3,7-二氰基吩噻嗪。
优选的,上述含氮杂环化合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将吩噻嗪和溴代试剂分散在溶剂中,进行溴代反应,得到3,7-二溴吩噻嗪;
2)将3,7-二溴吩噻嗪和氰基取代试剂分散在溶剂中,进行氰基取代反应,得到3,7-二氰基吩噻嗪。
优选的,步骤1)所述溶剂为冰醋酸。
优选的,步骤1)所述溴代试剂为液溴。
优选的,步骤1)所述吩噻嗪、溴代试剂的摩尔比为1:2.5~1:4。
优选的,步骤2)所述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N,N-二乙基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基亚砜、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉酮中的至少一种。
优选的,步骤2)所述氰基取代试剂为氰化钠、氰化钾、氰化亚铜中的至少一种。
优选的,步骤2)所述3,7-二溴吩噻嗪、氰基取代试剂的摩尔比为1:4~1:8。
上述可溶性多孔聚合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:将3,7-二氰基吩噻嗪加入反应釜,充入保护气,再加入三氟甲磺酸,进行聚合反应,得到可溶性多孔聚合物。
一种质子传导膜,包含上述可溶性多孔聚合物。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的含氮杂环化合物的氧化电位非常低,很容易被有机酸/无机酸掺杂得到阳离子有机小分子,且由本发明的含氮杂环化合物聚合得到的有机多孔聚合物可以很好地溶解在高极性有机溶剂中,从而便于采取溶液加工的方式进行加工处理,制备的薄膜应用在质子传导领域具有较高的导电率。
附图说明
图1为PTZ2Br的核磁共振氢谱。
图2为PTZ2CN的核磁共振氢谱。
图3为PTZ2CN的核磁共振碳谱。
图4为PTZ2CN和PTZCTF的红外光谱。
图5为PTZ2CN和PTZCTF的核磁共振碳谱。
图6为PTZCTF的溶解性测试照片。
图7为PTZCTF的紫外光谱。
图8为PTZCTF的X射线光电子能谱。
图9为PTZCTF的粉末X射线衍射谱。
图10为PTZCTF作为活性材料得到的电化学阻抗谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的解释和说明。
实施例:
一种含氮杂环化合物,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)化合物PTZ2Br的合成:将5g(25mmol)的吩噻嗪加入500mL的双口烧瓶中,再加入200mL的冰醋酸分散成悬浮液,将10g(62.5mmol)的液溴和80mL的冰醋酸加入恒压滴液漏斗中,再将恒压滴液漏斗中的物料逐滴加入双口烧瓶中,加完后室温搅拌3h,再加入60mL浓度2mol/L的硫代硫酸钠溶液,搅拌1h,淬灭反应,再加入1000mL浓度3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,抽滤,滤得的固体用甲苯重结晶,得到8.16g的PTZ2Br(淡绿色固体,产率:92.3%);
反应式如下:
PTZ2Br的核磁共振氢谱如图1所示,解谱分析如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ9.16-8.80(m,1H),7.21-7.05(m,4H),6.62(dd,J=8.6,3.4Hz,2H);
2)化合物PTZ2CN的合成:将1.420g(4mmol)的PTZ2Br、1.602g(18mmol)的氰化亚铜和15mL的二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)加入250mL的双口烧瓶中,充入氩气,160℃搅拌回流48h,再冷却至室温,加入氨水,抽滤,滤得的固体通过色谱柱层析提纯(层析液选用纯二氯甲烷),得到0.601g的PTZ2CN(黄色固体,产率:57.1%);
反应式如下:
PTZ2CN的核磁共振氢谱如图2所示,核磁共振碳谱如图3所示,解谱分析如下:
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6):δ9.70(s,1H),7.40(m,4H),6.70(s,2H);
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO):δ144.49,133.12,130.15,119.08,117.52,115.50,105.04;
一种可溶性多孔聚合物,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
聚合物PTZCTF的合成:将0.1g的PTZ2CN加入10mL的史莱克管中,用氩气置换出管内的空气,在-10℃下滴加2mL的三氟甲磺酸,10min滴加完,加完后反应1.5h,再转移至油浴锅中60℃反应24h,冷却至室温,加入水淬灭反应,再加入16mL浓度2mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液,搅拌1h,抽滤,再分别用二氯甲烷、乙醇和乙腈对滤得的固体进行索氏提取提纯,每种溶剂提纯耗时48h,得到0.061g的PTZCTF(红褐色固体,产率:61%);
反应式如下:
PTZ2CN和PTZCTF的红外光谱如图4所示,核磁共振碳谱如图5所示。
由图4可知:聚合前PTZ2CN中2231cm-1处是氰基的特征吸收峰,强度较大,聚合后PTZCTF中的氰基吸收峰基本消失,说明绝大部分的反应物发生反应,聚合反应程度非常高;PTZCTF在1674cm-1和1380cm-1处出现了新的吸收峰,为三嗪环的特征吸收峰,表明了三嗪环的生成;可见,发生的聚合反应为氰基的三聚环化反应,即氰基转变为三嗪环的反应。
由图5可知:PTZ2CN中117.87ppm和109.65ppm处可分别归属为氰基碳和氰基相连的芳香碳的特征峰,在PTZCTF中的信号呈现出巨大的降低,几乎消失,说明反应物大部分被消耗,同时,PTZCTF中178.0ppm处为三嗪环碳的特征吸收峰,与预期的多孔聚合物结构相吻合。
将10mg的PTZCTF分别加入1mL的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中,测试PTZCTF的溶解性,再用绿色激光笔照射这些溶液,得到测试照片如图6所示。
由图6可知:PTZCTF在DMSO、DMF、DMI、NMP和DMAc这些溶剂中的溶解性均很好,且出现了明显的丁达尔效应,说明PTZCTF很好地分散在这些溶剂中,而不是形成了悬浮液。
PTZCTF在N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(DEF)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(DMI)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)中的紫外光谱如图7所示。
由图7可知:PTZCTF在375nm处呈现出一个明显的吸收峰,同时我们在800nm~1000nn处观察到较小的吸收带,这些吸收带来源于一些吩噻嗪阳离子吸收,因此清晰地证明PTZCTF中的吩噻嗪很好被酸掺杂。
PTZCTF的X射线光电子能谱如图8所示(用型号ThermoFisher ESCALAB XI+的X射线光电子能谱仪进行测试)。
由图8可知:在氮的1s能谱中,可以清楚地观测到三个强吸收峰,其结合能峰位分别为398.3eV、400.0eV和401.6eV,可分别归属为三嗪环中的碳氮双键、吩噻嗪中的碳氮单键和掺杂吩噻嗪环中的质子化的碳氮单键。由于掺杂来源于吩噻嗪,因此可以通过掺杂的吩噻嗪峰面积与未掺杂和掺杂吩噻嗪面积之和的比值来计算掺杂的含量,掺杂程度大约为1089/(1089+3082)×100%=26%。氟的1s能谱表明PTZCTF中存在氟元素,而氟元素来源于三氟甲磺酸,充分表明PTZCTF结构中存在三氟甲磺酸。
由图9可知:PTZCTF并没有非常强的衍射峰,表明PTZCTF结构并不是长程有序的排列,不具备一定的晶型结构。
将大小规格为1cm×1cm的玻璃基片(不导电)依次用丙酮超声清洗10min、低浓度micro级洗涤剂超声清洗15min、超纯去离子水超声清洗2~3次(每次10min)、色谱纯异丙醇超声清洗10min~15min,再用氧气等离子处理5min,再在玻璃基片上滴加400μL浓度5mg/mL的PTZCTF的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液,氮气氛围下烘干,再在玻璃基片上蒸镀厚度约500nm的Ag作为电极,电极有效面积通过掩模板控制约为0.1cm×1cm,再进行电化学阻抗测试(测试条件:温度为25℃,湿度为90%,所有测试均用瑞士万通AUTOLABPGSTAT302N电化学工作站完成),得到的电化学阻抗谱如图10所示。
由图10可知:通过对X轴做切线,可以得到传导电阻值,其电阻大概在500000Ω左右,由此可以得到导电率约0.008S/cm。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
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