CN112431592B - Rapid bottom-drawing method suitable for tunnel bottom-drawing by natural caving method to cross fault broken zone - Google Patents
Rapid bottom-drawing method suitable for tunnel bottom-drawing by natural caving method to cross fault broken zone Download PDFInfo
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- CN112431592B CN112431592B CN202011168972.3A CN202011168972A CN112431592B CN 112431592 B CN112431592 B CN 112431592B CN 202011168972 A CN202011168972 A CN 202011168972A CN 112431592 B CN112431592 B CN 112431592B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C37/00—Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/22—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid bottom drawing method suitable for a naturally caving faraday tunnel to cross a fault fracture zone, which comprises the following steps: determining the maximum blasting row number of the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting according to the maximum ore output of the scraper and the row spacing designed in the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting; determining the required blasting row number according to the fault thickness; designing blasting parameters of fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting; the designed blast holes adopt a continuous charging structure, and each row of adjacent orifices do not charge and are arranged in a length-crossed manner; and (4) detonating the blast hole after charging by adopting an inter-row differential detonating mode, and detonating the orifice and the hole bottom simultaneously to finish bottom drawing. The method releases the phenomenon of weak surface stress concentration of the fault structure through one-time blasting of a plurality of rows of bottom-pulling roadways, and realizes quick fault passing. The phenomenon that the tunnel collapses due to fault stress concentration caused by fault structure weak surface exposure can be effectively avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mining, in particular to a rapid bottom pulling method suitable for a naturally caving faraday tunnel crossing fault fracture zone.
Background
The natural caving method is a method for realizing large-scale mining through the action of the dead weight of a rock body and ground pressure, and cuts a temporary stable caving arch side through a fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting technology of a pull bottom layer, so that the rock body is induced to continuously caving and naturally caving into blocks. In the continuous advancing of the bottom pulling, the bottom pulling is advanced to the position of a fault when a thick fault and a bottom pulling roadway are cut inevitably, so that the collapse of the bottom pulling roadway is easily induced, and the stress concentration of a bottom structure is also easily induced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid bottom pulling method suitable for a broken zone of a naturally-caving faraday tunnel passing fault, which aims to solve the technical problem that the tunnel is easy to collapse when a thick fault is cut in the bottom pulling process of the naturally-caving faraday tunnel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a rapid bottom pulling method suitable for a naturally caving faraday tunnel to cross a fault fracture zone comprises the following steps:
when the bottom pulling blasting is pushed to a fault, determining the maximum blasting row number of the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting according to the maximum ore output of a scraper and the row spacing designed in the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting;
determining the required blasting row number according to the fault thickness on the basis of the maximum blasting row number;
designing blasting parameters of the fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting; the blasting parameters comprise the number of blast holes in each row, the depth of the blast holes and the inclination angle of the blast holes when the fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting is adopted;
the designed blast holes adopt a continuous charging structure, and the non-charging lengths of adjacent orifices of each row are arranged in a crossed manner;
and (4) detonating the blast hole after charging by adopting an inter-row differential detonating mode, and detonating the orifice and the hole bottom simultaneously to finish bottom drawing.
Furthermore, when the fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting is adopted, the row spacing is 2.0m, the number of blast holes in each row is 8, the depth of the blast holes is uneven and ranges from 6.30m to 12.50m, and the inclination angle of the blast holes ranges from 42 degrees to 132 degrees.
Further, the blast hole that adopts the continuous charge structure to the design, every row of adjacent drill way non-charge length cross arrangement includes: the designed blast holes are in a continuous charging structure, and the non-charging length of each row of adjacent orifices is 2.5m and 3.5m in a crossed arrangement.
Further, to the big gun hole of design adoption continuous charge structure, every row of adjacent drill way does not charge the powder, and length cross arrangement still includes: and (3) loading the initiating explosive cartridge into the bottom of the hole by using high-pressure air, continuously loading granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive by using the high-pressure air, loading the initiating explosive cartridge into the orifice, and connecting the initiating explosive cartridge to the outside of the orifice by using a detonating tube lead.
Further, the explosive amount of each blast hole is 2kg, and the total explosive amount of each row is 249.06 kg.
Further, the blast hole after charging adopts an inter-row differential initiation mode, and the orifice and the hole bottom are simultaneously initiated, including: the method is characterized in that a hole bottom and an orifice of a non-electric detonator are adopted for initiation, multi-row subsection differential blasting is adopted for the detonator, the non-electric millisecond detonator is adopted for the detonator, the rows are in differential blasting, and the same row and the same section are adopted for initiation.
Further, the blast hole after charging adopts an inter-row differential initiation mode, and the orifice and the hole bottom are initiated simultaneously, and the method further comprises the following steps: the connecting line adopts MS1 sections, the first row adopts MS9 sections of detonators, the fault row adopts MS2N-1 sections of detonators, and the tail row adopts MS2N +1 sections of detonators; wherein N is a positive integer.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for the fault geological working condition of the tunnel with the bottom pulled through the natural caving method, and the beneficial effects brought by the technical scheme at least comprise that:
1. the method can effectively avoid the possibility of collapse of the broken layer area of the undercutting undercut;
2. the invention can avoid fault exposure to a certain extent, and reduce the safety risk of the bottom layer construction;
3. the invention can avoid collapse of the pull-bottom roadway, secondary support of the pull-bottom roadway, production stop risk and stress concentration of the bottom structure, and provides guarantee for normal operation of the mine.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a rapid bottom-pulling method suitable for a naturally caving method bottom-pulling roadway passing through a fault fracture zone according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a natural breakout process fault;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a natural breakout process cross-sectional view;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a natural collapse process fault.
Description of reference numerals:
1. a gob; 2. raw rock; 3. carrying out fault treatment; 4. a bottom-pulling blasting area; 5. a surrounding rock caving area; 6. loosening the ore zone; 7. a fan-shaped medium-length hole; 8. and (5) drawing a bottom roadway.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in the present embodiment, a fast bottom-drawing method suitable for a naturally caving faraday tunnel passing through a fault fracture zone is provided, and first, in order to facilitate understanding of the scheme of the present embodiment by relevant persons, an application scenario of the method of the present embodiment is briefly described with reference to fig. 2, 3 and 4, where the application scenario includes a goaf 1, a source rock 2, a fault 3, a bottom-drawing blasting area 4, a surrounding rock caving area 5, a loosening mining area 6, a fan-shaped medium-length hole 7 and a bottom-drawing roadway 8; the position relationship between fault cutting and the bottom pulling roadway is shown in figure 1. The cross-sectional structure of the fault cutting undercut roadway is shown in fig. 2. The relationship between fault cutting and the cross section of the pull-bottom roadway is shown in figure 3.
Based on the above, in the method of this embodiment, during the bottom-pulling blasting construction, when the fault 3 and the roadway are cut and arranged in a cross manner, in order to avoid the disclosure of the weak surface of the fault 3 structure, the stress concentration phenomenon of the weak surface of the fault 3 structure is released through one-time multi-row bottom-pulling roadway blasting, and the rapid passing through the fault cutting bottom-pulling roadway 8 region is realized. Firstly, the weak surface area of the structure of the cutting fault 3 is detonated, and the non-fault area is detonated. Firstly designing blasting rows, secondly designing the charge amount and the ore caving amount of each row of blast holes, thirdly designing the detonation sequence, and finally determining the maximum ore discharge amount of the scraper, thereby realizing the cutting of the zone of the pull-bottom roadway 8 through the fault 3.
The schematic diagram of the cutting fault bottom-pulling blasting is shown in fig. 2. Aiming at cutting faults (roadway direction and fault cutting), N rows (N is more than or equal to 3) are blasted at one time according to the fault thickness, and the blasting frequency is reduced as much as possible, so that the faults are quickly crossed, and further, the phenomenon that the bottoming roadway collapses due to the fault stress concentration caused by the fault structure weak surface exposure is effectively avoided. Specifically, the execution flow of the method of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes:
s101, when the bottom-pulling blasting is pushed to a fault, determining the maximum blasting row number of the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting according to the maximum ore output of a scraper and the row spacing designed in the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting;
s102, determining the required blasting row number according to the fault thickness based on the maximum blasting row number;
s103, designing blasting parameters of the sector medium-length hole blasting; the blasting parameters comprise the number of blast holes in each row, the depth of the blast holes and the inclination angle of the blast holes when the fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting is adopted;
specifically, in the present embodiment, the row spacing is 2.0m, the number of blast holes in each row is 8, the depth of the blast holes is uneven and is between 6.30m and 12.50m, and the inclination angles of the blast holes are distributed between 42 ° and 132 °.
S104, adopting a continuous charging structure for the designed blast holes, wherein the non-charging lengths of adjacent orifices of each row are arranged in a crossed manner;
specifically, in this embodiment, the implementation process of the above steps is: and (3) loading the initiating explosive cartridge into the bottom of the hole by using high-pressure air, continuously loading granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive by using the high-pressure air, loading the initiating explosive cartridge into the orifice, and connecting the initiating explosive cartridge to the outside of the orifice by using a detonating tube lead. The non-charging lengths of the first row of adjacent orifices are 2.5m and 3.5m in a crossed arrangement, the non-charging lengths of the second row of adjacent orifices are 2.5m and 3.5m in a crossed arrangement, and the like till the blasting design passes through a fault area. Wherein the initiating explosive amount of each blast hole is 2kg, and the total explosive amount of each row is 249.06 kg.
And S105, detonating the blast hole after charging in an inter-row differential mode, and detonating the hole opening and the hole bottom simultaneously to finish bottom pulling.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the implementation process of the above steps is: the method is characterized in that a hole bottom and an orifice of a non-electric detonator are adopted for initiation, multi-row subsection differential blasting is adopted for the detonator, the non-electric millisecond detonator is adopted for the detonator, the rows are in differential blasting, and the same row and the same section are adopted for initiation. Thereby realizing one-time blasting of multiple rows of cutting faults. The connecting line adopts MS1 sections, the first row adopts MS9 sections of detonators, the fault row (the second, third and fourth rows) adopts MS2N-1 sections of detonators, and the tail row adopts MS2N +1 sections of detonators; wherein N is a positive integer.
The principle of the method is that the bottom is quickly pulled to pass through the fault area through the induced release of the stress concentration of the weak surface of the fault structure, so that the problem of the collapse of the bottom-pulled roadway caused by the exposure of the weak surface of the fault structure is solved.
The technical points are as follows:
and mechanically drilling holes by using a drilling trolley, wherein the hole diameter is 76mm, the hole bottom spacing is about 2m, and 8 holes are drilled in each row. The width and the height of the cross section of the pull-bottom roadway are 3.8m multiplied by 3.7 m. The supporting mode of the pull-bottom roadway mainly adopts a deformed steel bar anchor rod, the length of the anchor rod is 2.4m, the diameter of the anchor rod is 20mm, the supporting mesh degree is 0.8m multiplied by 0.8m, and the surrounding rock is broken and can also be supported by gunite, a hanging net and a long anchor rope.
The implementation process of the method of the present embodiment is further described below with reference to specific application examples:
and mining a certain copper ore by a natural caving method. The bottom-pulling roadway is positioned at the level of 3736m, the specification of the section of the bottom-pulling roadway is wide multiplied by high by 3.8m multiplied by 3.7m, a drilling jumbo is adopted to carry out deep hole construction in the bottom-pulling roadway, and the aperture is 76 mm. The undercut region presents a cut fault. In the process of bottom-pulling operation, the conditions of bottom-pulling laneways and fault cutting exist, under the working condition, after bottom-pulling blasting, the bottom-pulling laneways collapse by about 30m, stress concentration of bottom structures is caused, the construction difficulty of secondary blasting treatment is higher, and even the risk of production halt can be caused.
Aiming at the parallel fault stage in the copper mine bottom drawing process, the rapid bottom drawing method applicable to the natural caving method bottom drawing roadway passing fault fracture zone is adopted, and the implementation scheme is as follows:
1. according to the empirical value of the maximum ore discharge amount of the copper mine bottom drawing roadway scraper: 30 percent of the expansion coefficient of ore rock, assuming that the volume of a caving area is consistent with the design, assuming that ore removal does not have the clamping function of a caving rock body, obtaining the maximum ore removal amount (a forklift can enter 2.0m) of a shovel loading ore removal area, obtaining the maximum designed caving of a draw-bottom roadway of 12.6m, and setting the interval of blast holes of the fan-shaped medium-length hole to be 2.0 m;
2. constructing 5 rows of blast holes according to the cutting conditions of construction position faults and the pull-bottom roadway, wherein each row of blast holes comprises 8 blast holes, the total number of the blast holes is 40, the dip angle of the deep hole ranges from 44 degrees to 132 degrees, and the drilling depth ranges from 6.30m to 12.50 m;
3. adopting a continuous charging structure, using high-pressure wind to load an initiating explosive cartridge into the bottom of a hole, then using high-pressure wind to continuously load granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, loading the initiating explosive cartridge into an orifice, and using a detonating tube to lead the initiating explosive cartridge out of the orifice;
4. and (3) adopting an inter-row differential initiation mode, initiating at the same time of the hole opening and the hole bottom, binding all the detonating tubes on the instrument, and initiating by using an initiator. The connecting line adopts MS1 sections, the first row adopts MS9 sections of detonators, the fault row adopts MS3, MS5 and MS7 sections of detonators, and the tail row adopts MS11 sections of detonators.
Further, it should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
It should be noted that the above describes only a preferred embodiment of the invention and that, although a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that, once having the benefit of the teachings of the present invention, numerous modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The rapid bottom pulling method suitable for the naturally caving bottom-pulling roadway to pass through the fault fracture zone is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
when the bottom pulling blasting is pushed to a fault, determining the maximum blasting row number of the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting according to the maximum ore output of a scraper and the row spacing designed in the disposable fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting;
determining the required blasting row number according to the fault thickness on the basis of the maximum blasting row number;
designing blasting parameters of fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting; the blasting parameters comprise the number of blast holes in each row, the depth of the blast holes and the inclination angle of the blast holes when the fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting is adopted;
the designed blast holes adopt a continuous charging structure, and the non-charging lengths of adjacent orifices of each row are arranged in a crossed manner;
and (4) detonating the blast hole after charging by adopting an inter-row differential detonating mode, and detonating the orifice and the hole bottom simultaneously to finish bottom drawing.
2. The rapid bottom-pulling method suitable for the naturally caving method bottom-pulling roadway fault fracture zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing is 2.0m when the fan-shaped medium-length hole blasting is adopted, the number of blast holes in each row is 8, the depth of the blast holes is uneven and is between 6.30m and 12.50m, and the inclination angle of the blast holes is between 42 ° and 132 °.
3. The method for rapidly bottoming a roadway through a fault fracture zone by a natural caving method according to claim 1, wherein the designed blast holes are of a continuous charging structure, and the non-charging lengths of adjacent orifices in each row are arranged in a crossed manner, and the method comprises the following steps: the designed blast holes are in a continuous charging structure, and the non-charging length of each row of adjacent orifices is 2.5m and 3.5m in a crossed arrangement.
4. The method for rapidly bottoming a roadway through a fault fracture zone by a natural caving method according to claim 3, wherein the designed blast holes are of a continuous charging structure, each row of adjacent orifices are not charged, and the lengths of the adjacent orifices are arranged in a cross mode, and the method further comprises the following steps: and (3) loading the initiating explosive cartridge into the bottom of the hole by using high-pressure air, continuously loading granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive by using high-pressure air, loading the initiating explosive cartridge into the orifice, and connecting the initiating explosive cartridge to the outside of the orifice by using a detonating tube lead.
5. The rapid bottom-pulling method suitable for the naturally caving roadway through fault fracture zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initiating explosive amount of each blast hole is 2kg, and the total explosive amount of each row is 249.06 kg.
6. The rapid bottom-pulling method suitable for the naturally caving method bottom-pulling roadway fault fracture zone as claimed in claim 4, wherein the row-to-row differential initiation mode is adopted for the loaded blast hole, and the orifice and the hole bottom are initiated simultaneously, and the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of detonating at the hole bottom and the hole opening of a non-electric detonator, blasting in multiple rows in a segmented differential mode, and detonating in the same row and the same segment by adopting non-electric millisecond detonating tube detonators in the same row.
7. The method for rapidly bottoming a roadway through a fault fracture zone by a natural caving method according to claim 6, wherein the loaded blast hole is detonated by row-to-row differential detonation, and the orifice and the hole bottom are detonated simultaneously, further comprising: the connecting line adopts MS1 sections, the first row adopts MS9 sections of detonators, the fault row adopts MS2N-1 sections of detonators, and the tail row adopts MS2N +1 sections of detonators; wherein N is a positive integer.
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| CN111411978A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-14 | 昆明理工大学 | Clamping plate type supporting structure for adjacent ore removal roadways and construction process thereof |
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2020
- 2020-10-28 CN CN202011168972.3A patent/CN112431592B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101328809A (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2008-12-24 | 深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司凡口铅锌矿 | Non-bottom pillar deep hole falling-back type mining method |
| CN102808622A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-12-05 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for recovering ore pillar by medium-length hole and deep hole combined blasting technology |
| CN107816353A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-03-20 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of excessive drop tomography new method of fully-mechanized mining working |
| CN110186340A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-30 | 山东新巨龙能源有限责任公司 | Fully-mechanized mining working meets the method to make smooth advances when tomography |
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