CN112421242B - Array arrangement method of ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna - Google Patents
Array arrangement method of ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an array arrangement method of an ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna, which belongs to the technical field of antennas and comprises the following steps: s1: dividing frequency bands; s2: arranging low-frequency-band array antennas; s3: selecting and arranging an arrangement area of the medium-frequency array antenna; s4: and selecting and arranging the arrangement area of the high-frequency-band array antenna. The invention can realize that the antenna array of the hundred-fold frequency range adopts less unit quantity as much as possible in the limited caliber, simultaneously ensures the advantages of low side lobe, high gain, large-angle scanning and the like, effectively solves the problem that the bandwidth of the traditional tightly coupled ultra-wideband array antenna is limited by the array unit interval without the maximum grating lobe, and compared with the traditional frequency-division-band common-caliber antenna, the antennas of different frequency bands are mutually nested, thereby reducing the number of the antennas and the caliber area and saving the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an array arrangement method of an ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna.
Background
With the continuous improvement of the requirements on the antenna, the ultra-wideband and large-angle scanning antenna is an important development direction of antenna engineering application, in particular to an ultra-wideband array antenna with the bandwidth exceeding a hundred-frequency multiplication. The traditional ultra-wideband array antenna mostly adopts a tightly coupled array antenna form, the bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 10:1, and the current array antenna is difficult to realize no matter the antenna unit cannot achieve the large bandwidth, or the array unit interval is limited by an array directional diagram without grating lobes.
In order to solve the problems, an array arrangement method of the ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to realize the array antenna with the bandwidth exceeding a hundred-fold frequency range and simultaneously enable the antenna to have the performances of low sidelobe, wide-angle scanning and the like, provides an array arrangement method of an ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna, can effectively reduce the number of antenna units and simultaneously ensure that the antenna in the whole frequency band realizes the characteristics of large-angle scanning, low sidelobe, high gain and the like; the method has great engineering application value for future ultra-wideband SAR imaging radar systems, ultra-wideband electronic reconnaissance and interference systems, radar, communication and electronic warfare multifunctional integrated electronic systems and the like.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme, and the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: frequency band division
Dividing a working frequency band of a hundred-time frequency range into a high ultra-wideband frequency band, a middle ultra-wideband frequency band and a low ultra-wideband frequency band, wherein the low-frequency band array antenna and the middle-frequency band array antenna are sparsely arranged, and the high-frequency band array antenna is tightly coupled;
s2: low-frequency-band array antenna arrangement
Adopting an ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm to sparsely arrange the low-frequency band antenna units in a global aperture plane, wherein the global aperture plane is a region in which the three frequency band array antennas are arranged together;
s3: medium frequency range array antenna arrangement region selection and arrangement
According to the area of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency range array antenna, the circle center position of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency range array antenna is moved in the global aperture plane, the circle center position of the minimum low-frequency range antenna unit in the medium-frequency range circular aperture is found, the circular aperture area of the medium-frequency range array antenna is determined, the medium-frequency range antenna units are sparsely arranged in the circular aperture area by adopting an ultra-wide band sparsity array optimization algorithm, and the unit distance between the medium-frequency range array antenna and all low-frequency range array antennas in the area is not less than half wavelength of the lowest frequency of the low-frequency range array antenna;
s4: high-frequency band array antenna arrangement region selection and arrangement
Selecting a region far away from the medium-frequency array antenna, wherein the region is located in a region with the largest distance between the low-frequency array antenna units, determining the region as a high-frequency array antenna arrangement region, adopting close coupling array arrangement, and inserting the whole array between the low-frequency array antenna units.
Furthermore, the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm is to divide a circular aperture surface comprising N array elements into P sector areas with equal areas, and the central angle of each sector is
The number of array elements in each sector is M-NP, and the position of the array elements in one sector is optimized
Where r represents the array element radius value,
expressing the circle center angle value of the array element to obtain the final arrangement position of the array element in the sector, and then
The array surface arrangement of the whole circular aperture surface is obtained through the angular interval rotational symmetry of the two.
Furthermore, the specific process of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm is as follows:
s21: determining basic parameters and working frequency bands of the array structure, wherein each array element consists of r,
These two variables are determined together at (0, R)]And
randomly generating initial parent population within the range, wherein the population number satisfies NpMore than or equal to (4+3ln (2M)), M is the array element number in a sector;
s22: calculating the fitness function of each population, sequencing the population according to the sequence from small to large, judging whether the fitness value meets the requirement, if so, deriving an optimization result, otherwise, selecting the first NPThe 2 smallest populations constitute the offspring population, NpThe population number is taken, and the next iteration is carried out, and the objective function is as follows:
fcost＝PSLLdB+c0(dtarget-min(dmin,dtarget))2
wherein PSLL is the maximum of the side lobe of the whole array directional diagram, c0Is a specific gravity factor, is taken as 1, dtargetIs the minimum spacing between target antenna elements, dminIs the minimum spacing between actual antenna elements;
s23: updating parameters such as mean value, step length, covariance matrix and the like in the algorithm according to the offspring population, and generating a new parent population by using new normal distribution;
s24: and repeating the steps S21-S23 until an optimization result meeting the condition is found or the whole iteration is completed.
Further, in step S1, the bandwidth of the array antenna in the low-band and the middle-band array antennas is not more than 7:1, and the high-band array antenna is designed according to the bandwidth of 3: 1.
Further, in the steps S2 and S3, the antenna element spacing of the low-band and medium-band array antennas is not less than the half wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the corresponding operating band; the antenna unit spacing between the low-frequency band and the middle-frequency band array antenna is not less than the half wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the low-frequency band array antenna.
Further, in the steps S2 and S3, according to the requirement of the gain of the antenna in the frequency band, the required number of the antenna elements is calculated in an equidistant arrangement manner, the calculated number of the antenna elements is taken as an initial value and is brought into an ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm for optimization, the number of the antenna elements is increased or decreased according to the antenna gain and an adaptive value function obtained by optimization, and a gain calculation formula is as follows:
GdB＝10logN+G0 dB
wherein G is0Representing antenna element gain in dB, N representing the number of antenna elements, and G representing antenna gain in dB.
Further, in the step S2, the objective function of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm used is a linear superposition of the array minimum cell pitch and the highest side lobe of the directional diagram; in step S3, the area occupied by the low-band array antenna in the area is removed during the sparse array layout optimization of the medium-band array antenna, the medium-band array antennas are arranged in the remaining area, and the objective function of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm used is the linear superposition of the minimum unit spacing (including the distance between the medium-band array antenna units and the low-band array antenna units) and the highest side lobe of the directional pattern.
Further, in the step S3, the process of finding the arrangement position of the middle band array antenna is as follows:
s31: firstly, calculating to obtain the circular aperture area required by the antenna according to the gain requirement of the medium-frequency array antenna, wherein the calculation formula of the circular area is as follows:
wherein A represents the antenna aperture area, G represents the antenna gain, and λ represents the antenna operating wavelength. The radius of the medium-frequency array antenna is calculated according to the area of the circular aperture.
S32: and then moving the circle center of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency array antenna in the global aperture plane in which the low-frequency array antenna is arranged along the two dimension directions of the x axis and the y axis, and finding a circle which is occupied by the circular aperture of the medium-frequency array antenna and has the smallest area of the low-frequency array antenna, namely a medium-frequency antenna arrangement area, wherein the area of the low-frequency array antenna is the sum of the actual projection areas of the low-frequency array antenna units in the circular aperture of the medium-frequency array antenna.
Furthermore, the array center position of the high-frequency band tightly-coupled array antenna is located at a distance S from the center of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency band array antennadOutside the global caliber area, SdThe calculation formula is as follows:
Sd＝r1+r2+5λmin
wherein r is1Represents the radius distance of the middle frequency range circular caliber, r2Denotes the distance, λ, from the center of the high band to the edge of the arrayminIndicating the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the high band. Then, the position of the point with the minimum sum of the distances from the nearest 0.3-2GHz antenna unit center to the periphery is found in the area, and the position is the center position of the high-frequency band antenna unit.
Further, the coupling between adjacent antenna elements of the low and mid band array antennas is below-30 dB.
Furthermore, the polarization directions of the low-frequency-band array antenna and the medium-frequency-band array antenna are mutually perpendicular, the tops of the antenna units of the three frequency bands are flush, and the floors are raised in the medium-frequency band and the high-frequency band, so that the heights of the low-frequency-band array antenna and the medium-frequency-band array antenna are consistent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the array method of the ultra-wideband comprehensive aperture array antenna breaks through the limitation that the spacing of the traditional array antenna units does not exceed the highest frequency by half wavelength by adopting the ultra-wideband sparse array with large spacing; by inserting the medium-frequency band sparse array antenna and the high-frequency band tightly-coupled array antenna into the low-frequency band sparse array antenna, the problems that the traditional tightly-coupled common-caliber antenna cannot be mutually inserted and the caliber area is large are solved; the ultra-wideband antenna breaks through the limitation of the bandwidth of the traditional ultra-wideband antenna, can realize the bandwidth of 100:1, can meet the working frequency requirements of a plurality of systems, is suitable for a multifunctional integrated electronic system integrating radar, communication, electronic warfare and other functions, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an arrangement method of an ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna in the second embodiment of the present invention (hollow triangles in the drawing indicate low-frequency band antenna units, solid triangles indicate medium-frequency band antenna units, and rectangles indicate high-frequency band array antennas);
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of a 0.3-2GHz array antenna after ultra-wideband sparse array optimization in the second embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 2-12 GHz array antenna finding a final antenna arrangement area by moving a circle center position according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of 0.3-2GHz and 2-12 GHz array antennas optimized by an ultra-wideband sparse array in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the comprehensive caliber arrangement of the 0.3-2GHz, 2-12 GHz ultra-wideband sparse array and the 12-30GHz tightly-coupled array in the second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is an antenna normal directional diagram obtained by an algorithm according to antenna arrangement at 0.3GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is an antenna scanning 45 ° directional pattern obtained by an algorithm according to the antenna arrangement at 0.3GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an antenna normal directional diagram obtained by an algorithm according to antenna arrangement at 2GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an antenna scanning 45 ° directional pattern obtained by an algorithm according to the antenna arrangement at 2GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an antenna normal directional diagram obtained by an algorithm according to antenna arrangement at 12GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is an antenna scanning 45 ° directional pattern obtained by an algorithm according to the antenna arrangement at 12GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is the normal directional diagram of a tightly coupled array antenna composed of 10 × 10 units at 30GHz according to the second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a 45 ° scanned directional pattern of a tightly coupled array antenna composed of 10 × 10 units at 30GHz in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example one
The embodiment provides a technical scheme: an array arrangement method of an ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna comprises the following steps:
s1: frequency band division
The working frequency band of the hundred-time frequency range is divided into a high ultra-wideband frequency band, a middle ultra-wideband frequency band and a low ultra-wideband frequency band, the low-frequency band array antenna and the middle ultra-wideband frequency band array antenna are sparsely arranged, and the high-frequency band array antenna is tightly coupled.
S2: low-frequency-band array antenna sparse arrangement
And (3) sparsely arranging the low-frequency band antenna units in a global aperture plane by adopting an ultra-wide band sparse array optimization algorithm, wherein the global aperture plane is a region in which the three frequency band array antennas are arranged together.
The sparse array optimization algorithm adopted by the invention is an evolution strategy based on a population, and the population is guided to search in a search space in a multivariate normal distribution mode, namely, each generation of population is sampled from multivariate normal distribution, and the multivariate normal distribution is uniquely determined by an expected value and a symmetric positive definite covariance matrix; the core of the algorithm is that parameters such as mean value, covariance and optimized variable number of the population are adjusted to enable the algorithm to achieve the best searching effect.
The basic principle of the algorithm is that a circular aperture surface containing N array elements is divided into P sector areas with equal areas, and then the central angle of each sector area is
The number of array elements in each sector is M-NP, and because the array factors of the rotational symmetric array also have similar symmetry, only the position of the array elements in one sector needs to be optimized
Where r represents the array element radius value,
expressing the circle center angle value of the array element to obtain the final arrangement position of the array element in the sector, and then
The array surface arrangement of the whole circular aperture surface is obtained through the angular interval rotational symmetry of the two.
The specific steps of the algorithm comprise:
the first step is as follows: determining basic parameters and working frequency bands of the array structure, wherein each array element consists of r,
These two variables are determined together at (0, R)]And
randomly generating initial parent population within the range, wherein the population number satisfies NpNot less than (4+3ln (2M)), M is the array element number in a sector.
The second step is that: calculating the fitness function of each population according to the formula (1), sequencing the fitness functions from small to large, judging whether the fitness value meets the requirement, if so, deriving an optimization result, otherwise, selecting the first NpThe 2 populations with the smallest fitness values constitute the offspring population, NpThe population number is adopted, and the next iteration is carried out;
fcost＝PSLLdB+c0(dtarget-min(dmin,dtarget))2 (1)
wherein PSLL is the maximum of the side lobe of the whole array directional diagram, c0Is a specific gravity factor, and 1 and d are takentargetIs the minimum spacing between target antenna elements, dminIs the minimum spacing between the actual antenna elements.
The third step: according to the offspring population, parameters such as the mean value, the step length, the covariance matrix and the like in the algorithm are updated, and then a new parent population is generated through the new normal distribution.
The fourth step: and repeating the steps until an optimization result meeting the condition is found or the whole iteration is completed.
S3: medium frequency range array antenna arrangement region selection and sparse arrangement
According to the circular aperture area of the medium-frequency range array antenna, the circle center position with the least low-frequency range antenna units in the medium-frequency range circular aperture is searched by moving the circle center position of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency range array antenna in the global aperture plane, so that the circular aperture area of the medium-frequency range array antenna is determined. And arranging the medium-frequency array antennas in the region by adopting an ultra-wide band sparse array optimization algorithm, and ensuring that the unit distance between the medium-frequency array antennas and all the low-frequency array antennas in the region is not less than half of the wavelength of the lowest frequency of the low-frequency array antennas.
S4 high-band array antenna layout area selection and tight coupling layout
The distance from the high-frequency array antenna arrangement area to the center of the middle-frequency array antenna is SdThen, a point with the maximum sum of the distances from one point to the centers of the surrounding 0.3-2GHz antenna units is found in the out-of-circle area, namely the center position of the 12-30GHz array antenna, the aperture is calculated according to the gain of the 12-30GHz antenna, and the aperture area of the 12-30GHz antenna is finally obtained. Because the size of the high-frequency-band array antenna is smaller than the distance between the low-frequency-band antenna units, the whole array is inserted between the low-frequency-end antenna units by adopting the close coupling array arrangement.
In step S1, the bandwidth of the array antenna in the two frequency bands is not more than 7 because the low-frequency and medium-frequency band array antennas are limited by the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband sparsity algorithm during frequency division: 1, in addition, the internationally specified antenna frequency band division is used as far as possible, and the same frequency band is prevented from being disassembled. The low and mid band array antennas may be as follows 6: the design of 1 bandwidth, the high-band array antenna is designed according to 3:1 bandwidth.
In the steps S2 and S3, the sparse array of the low-band and medium-band array antennas requires that the antenna element spacing is not less than the half wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the working band; the unit spacing between the low-frequency band array antenna and the high-frequency band array antenna is required to be not less than half wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the low-frequency band array antenna.
In the steps S2 and S3, the number of the required elements is calculated according to the gain requirement of the antenna in the frequency band and an equidistant arrangement manner, the calculation formula is as shown in the following formula 2, the calculated number of the antenna elements is taken as an initial value and is brought into an ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm for optimization, and the number of the antenna elements is increased or decreased according to the antenna gain and an adaptive value function obtained through optimization.
GdB＝10logN+G0 dB (2)
Wherein G is0Representing antenna element gain in dB, N representing the number of antenna elements, and G representing antenna gain in dB.
In the step S2, the objective function of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization algorithm used is the linear superposition of the minimum cell pitch of the array and the highest side lobe of the directional diagram, as shown in formula 1.
In step S3, when the medium band array antenna is sparsely arranged and optimized, the area occupied by the low band array antenna in the area needs to be removed, and the medium band array antennas are arranged in the remaining area, and the objective function of the ultra-wideband sparsely arranged array optimization algorithm used is the linear superposition of the minimum unit spacing (including between the medium band array antenna units and the low band array antenna units) and the highest side lobe of the directional pattern.
In step S3, the method for finding the arrangement position of the mid-range array antenna includes: the method comprises the steps of firstly calculating to obtain the circular caliber area required by an antenna according to the gain requirement of the medium-frequency array antenna, calculating the radius of the medium-frequency array antenna according to the circular caliber area, then moving the circle center of the circular caliber of the medium-frequency array antenna in the global caliber plane in which the low-frequency array antenna is arranged along the two dimensional directions of the x axis and the y axis, and searching the circle with the smallest area of the low-frequency array antenna occupied by the circular caliber of the medium-frequency array antenna, namely the medium-frequency array antenna arrangement area. The area of the low-frequency band array antenna is the sum of the actual projection areas of the low-frequency band array antenna units in the circular caliber of the medium-frequency band array antenna.
In step S4, the array center position of the high-band tightly-coupled array antenna is located at a distance S from the center of the middle-band circledOutside the global caliber area, SdThe calculation formula is as follows:
Sd＝r1+r2+5λmin (3)
wherein r is1Represents the radius distance of the middle frequency range circular caliber, r2Denotes the distance, λ, from the center of the high band to the edge of the arrayminIndicating the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the high band. Then, the position of the point with the minimum sum of the distances from the nearest 0.3-2GHz antenna unit center to the periphery is found in the area, and the position is the center position of the high-frequency band antenna unit.
The antenna units of the low-frequency band and medium-frequency band array antennas need to realize the coupling degree between the adjacent units lower than-30 dB.
The polarization directions of the low-frequency-band array antenna and the medium-frequency-band array antenna are mutually perpendicular, the top of the antenna unit heights of the three frequency bands are parallel and level, and the floor is required to be raised in the medium-frequency band and the high-frequency band, so that the heights of the medium-frequency-band array antenna and the low-frequency-band array antenna are consistent.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1 to 13, in this embodiment, the layout method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna of the present invention is used to realize the design of the 0.3 to 30GHz array antenna. The function of two-dimensional scanning +/-45 degrees is required to be achieved within the whole caliber with the caliber area not more than 3m multiplied by 3 m.
S1: frequency band division
The overall bandwidth of the 0.3-30 GHz array antenna reaches 100:1, the frequency band is divided into three sections of 0.3-2GHz, 2-12 GHz and 12-30GHz respectively in consideration of ultra-wide band sparse layout optimization bandwidth limitation and a common frequency band division principle, and the bandwidth of each section of array antenna does not exceed 7: 1.
S2: low-frequency-band array antenna sparse arrangement
Firstly, the number of antenna units of 0.3-2GHz array antennas is obtained through a formula (2) in an embodiment I and is used as an initial value of a sparse array optimization algorithm, then array antenna arrangement of the 0.3-2GHz array antennas in a 3m x 3m caliber is obtained through the sparse array optimization algorithm, the distance between the units is required to be not less than a half wavelength (500mm) corresponding to the lowest frequency of 0.3GHz, the performance that the two-dimensional scanning angle is larger than +/-45 degrees is achieved, the number of required antenna units is 24 through algorithm optimization, the distance between the antenna units is 503mm at the minimum, and the array antenna scans a 45-degree directional diagram.
S3: medium frequency range array antenna arrangement region selection and sparse arrangement
The required circular aperture area of 2 ~ 12GHz array antenna is calculated, wherein the distance between antenna element and the antenna element should be no less than half wavelength (75mm) that lowest frequency 2GHz corresponds, so the computational formula of circular aperture area is:
wherein, lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna, A is the circular aperture area, G is the antenna gain, the circular aperture area is obtained according to the antenna gain requirement at the specified frequency, and the radius (r) is calculated to be 1m through the circular aperture area. And moving the circle center position of the 2-12 GHz array antenna in a global caliber circle with the diameter of 3m along the X axis and the Y axis, and finding out a circle region with the minimum sum of the projection areas of the 0.3-2GHz array antenna units, namely a region for the layout of the 2-12 GHz array antenna.
Obtaining an initial value of the number of antenna units in the sparseness optimization algorithm of the 2-12 GHz array antenna through a formula (2) in the first embodiment, deducting a selected area of 0.3-2GHz units in a 2-12 GHz circular area, laying out the 2-12 GHz antenna units in the deducted residual area, ensuring that the distance between the antenna units is greater than a half wavelength (75mm) corresponding to the lowest frequency 2GHz, and finally obtaining a position layout meeting the requirements of 2-12 GHz gain and scanning range indexes. The final number of the 2-12 GHz array antenna units is 127, the minimum spacing between the units is 76mm, and the maximum side lobe of 45-degree antenna scanning is-20 dB.
S4: high-frequency band array antenna arrangement area selection tight coupling arrangement
According to the gain requirement of 0.3-2GHz, the aperture area of the 12-30GHz tightly-coupled array antenna is 6400mm calculated according to the formula 42And selecting a square arrangement mode to finally obtain the aperture size of 12-30GHz, namely 80mm multiplied by 80 mm. In a 3m multiplied by 3m circular caliber which is arranged with 0.3 to 2GHz and 2 to 12GHz, the circle center position of 2 to 12GHz is taken as the circle center, and the distance S isdA circle is drawn in a caliber with the radius of 3m multiplied by 3m, and the caliber center of 12-30GHz is just in a 3m multiplied by 3m area outside the circle. Wherein Sd＝r2-12GHz+d12-30GHz+5λ12GHzWherein r is2-12GHzA diameter radius of 2 to 12GHz, here 1m, d12-30GHzThe distance between the center of 12-30GHz and the edge of the caliber is 40mm and lambda12GHzA wavelength corresponding to 12GHz of 25mm, so SdThe value of (D) is 1165 mm. And then searching a point with the maximum sum of the center distances between the point and the nearest 0.3-2GHz antenna units around as the aperture center position of 12-30GHz, and placing the 12-30GHz array antenna therein to finally obtain the whole 300 MHz-30 GHz comprehensive aperture array antenna layout.
In summary, the array method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna in the above embodiment breaks through the limitation that the distance between the elements of the conventional array antenna does not exceed the maximum frequency by half a wavelength by adopting the ultra-wideband sparse array with a large distance; by inserting the medium-frequency band sparse array antenna and the high-frequency band tightly-coupled array antenna into the low-frequency band sparse array antenna, the problems that the traditional tightly-coupled common-caliber antenna cannot be mutually inserted and the caliber area is large are solved; the ultra-wideband antenna breaks through the limitation of the bandwidth of the traditional ultra-wideband antenna, can realize the bandwidth of 100:1, can meet the working frequency requirements of a plurality of systems, is suitable for a multifunctional integrated electronic system integrating radar, communication, electronic warfare and other functions, and is worthy of popularization and application.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An array arrangement method of an ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: frequency band division
Dividing a working frequency band of a hundred-time frequency range into a high ultra-wideband frequency band, a middle ultra-wideband frequency band and a low ultra-wideband frequency band, wherein the low-frequency band array antenna and the middle-frequency band array antenna are sparsely arranged, and the high-frequency band array antenna is tightly coupled;
s2: low-frequency-band array antenna arrangement
The low-frequency band antenna units are sparsely arranged in a global aperture plane by adopting an ultra-wide band sparsization array optimization method, wherein the global aperture plane is a region where the three frequency band array antennas are jointly arranged;
the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization method is characterized in that a circular aperture surface comprising N array elements is divided into P sector areas with equal areas, and the central angle of each sector area is
The number of array elements in each sector is M-N/P, and the position of the array elements in one sector is optimized
Where r represents the array element radius value,
expressing the circle center angle value of the array element to obtain the final arrangement position of the array element in the sector, and then
The angle interval of the circular arc is rotationally symmetrical to obtain the whole circleArray surface arrangement of the aperture surface;
s3: medium frequency range array antenna arrangement region selection and arrangement
According to the area of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency range array antenna, the circle center position of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency range array antenna is moved in the global aperture plane, the circle center position of the minimum low-frequency range antenna unit in the medium-frequency range circular aperture is found, the circular aperture area of the medium-frequency range array antenna is determined, the medium-frequency range antenna units are sparsely arranged in the circular aperture area by adopting an ultra-wide band sparse array optimization method, and the unit distance between the medium-frequency range array antenna and all the low-frequency range array antennas in the area is not less than half wavelength of the lowest frequency of the low-frequency range array antenna;
s4: high-frequency band array antenna arrangement region selection and arrangement
Selecting a region far away from the medium-frequency array antenna, wherein the region is located in a region with the largest distance between the low-frequency array antenna units, determining the region as a high-frequency array antenna arrangement region, adopting close coupling array arrangement, and inserting the whole array between the low-frequency array antenna units.
2. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific process of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization method is as follows:
s21: determining basic parameters and working frequency bands of the array structure, wherein each array element consists of r,
These two variables are determined together at (0, R)]And
randomly generating initial parent population within the range, wherein the population number satisfies NpMore than or equal to (4+3ln (2M)), M is the array element number in a sector;
s22: calculating the fitness function of each population, sequencing the population according to the sequence from small to large, judging whether the fitness value meets the requirement, if so, deriving an optimization result, otherwise, selecting the first NPThe 2 smallest populations constitute the offspring population, NpThe number of the P generation population is taken, the next iteration is carried out, and the adaptive value function is as follows:
fcost＝PSLLdB+c0(dtarget-min(dmin,dtarget))2
wherein PSLL is the maximum of the side lobe of the whole array directional diagram, c0Is a specific gravity factor, is taken as 1, dtargetIs the minimum spacing between target antenna elements, dminIs the minimum spacing between actual antenna elements;
s23: updating the mean value, step length and covariance matrix in the algorithm according to the offspring population, and generating a new parent population by using new normal distribution;
s24: and repeating the steps S21-S23 until an optimization result meeting the condition is found or the whole iteration is completed.
3. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S1, the bandwidth of the array antenna in the low-band and the medium-band array antennas is not more than 7:1, and the high-band array antenna is designed according to the bandwidth of 3: 1.
4. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the steps S2 and S3, the antenna element spacing of the low-band and medium-band array antennas is not less than the half wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency in the corresponding working band; the antenna unit spacing between the low-frequency band and the middle-frequency band array antenna is not less than the half wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the low-frequency band array antenna.
5. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the steps S2 and S3, the required number of elements is calculated according to the gain requirements of the low-band and medium-band array antennas and in an equidistant arrangement manner, the calculated number of antenna elements is taken as an initial value and is brought into an ultra-wideband sparse array optimization method for optimization, the number of antenna elements is increased or decreased according to the antenna gain and adaptive value function obtained by optimization, and the calculation formula is as follows:
GdB＝10log N+G0 dB
wherein G is0Representing antenna element gain in dB, N representing the number of antenna elements, and G representing antenna gain in dB.
6. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S2, the objective function of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization method is linear superposition of the minimum element spacing of the array and the highest side lobe of the directional diagram; in step S3, the area occupied by the low-frequency array antenna in the area is removed during the sparse array arrangement optimization of the medium-frequency array antenna, the medium-frequency array antenna is arranged in the remaining area, and the objective function of the ultra-wideband sparse array optimization method used is the linear superposition of the minimum array element spacing and the maximum directional diagram side lobe.
7. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3, the process of finding the arrangement position of the middle band array antenna is as follows:
s31: firstly, calculating to obtain the circular aperture area required by the antenna according to the gain requirement of the medium-frequency array antenna, wherein the calculation formula of the aperture area of the antenna is as follows:
wherein A represents the aperture area of the antenna, G represents the gain of the antenna, lambda represents the working wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the antenna, and the radius of the medium-frequency array antenna is calculated according to the aperture area of the circle;
s32: and then moving the circle center of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency array antenna in the global aperture plane in which the low-frequency array antennas are arranged along the two dimensional directions of the x axis and the y axis, and finding a circle occupying the minimum area of the low-frequency array antenna in the circular aperture of the medium-frequency array antenna, namely a medium-frequency antenna arrangement area, wherein the area of the low-frequency array antenna is the sum of the actual vertical projection areas of all low-frequency array antenna units in the circular aperture of the medium-frequency array antenna.
8. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the array center position of the high-frequency band tightly-coupled array antenna is S away from the circle center of the circular aperture of the medium-frequency band array antennadOutside the global caliber area, SdThe calculation formula is as follows:
Sd＝r1+r2+5λmin
wherein r is1Radius of circular caliber of middle frequency band, r2Denotes the distance, λ, from the center of the high band to the edge of the arrayminRepresenting the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency of the high-frequency band;
then, a point is found in the area, the point is the point with the maximum sum of the distances from the centers of the surrounding 0.3-2GHz antenna units, and the position of the point is the center position of the high-frequency-band array antenna.
9. The arraying method of the ultra-wideband integrated aperture array antenna according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the polarization directions of the low-frequency-band array antenna and the medium-frequency-band array antenna are mutually perpendicular, the top of the antenna unit heights of the three frequency bands are parallel and level, and the medium-frequency-band array antenna and the high-frequency-band array antenna are lifted up to keep consistent with the low-frequency-band array antenna in height.
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