CN106654601A - Wide-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method without grating lobes - Google Patents
Wide-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method without grating lobes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wide-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method without grating lobes relates to an antenna. A mixing array supersparsity layout method of a secondary inhomogeneous interval subarray is employed, namely a simulation multi-beam forming network is employed in the subarray, and different phase shift magnitudes are configured for the array elements to allow the subarray wave beam to realize the wide-angle airspace scanning. A plurality of subarrays are subjected to layout at inhomogeneous intervals to form a total array, after each subarray is outputted, the analog-digital sampling is performed, and one single subarray only need one digital channel so as to greatly reduce the number of the channels. The genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the distances of the internal subarray and between the subarrays, the minimum distance is controllable, and the side lobes and the grating lobe level can be inhibited in the condition of the wide-angle scanning to obtain a mixing array sparse layout with the average distance and the minimum distance of the array elements being far larger than half wavelength. The subarrays of the mixing sparse array employ the same structure, and are easy for processing, assembling and batch production, low in cost and wide in application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna, more particularly, to radar, communication and electronic countermeasure field in it is mixed without graing lobe large-angle scanning
Combined array row supersparsity layout method.
Background technology
Relative to conventional radio frequency Beam synthesis array, digital beam froming (DBF) array has that wave beam is flexible, anti-interference energy
Unique advantages such as power is strong, simultaneous multiple beams, but the digital channel price needed for it is costly, limits to a certain extent
The application of DBF arrays.Particularly, for the electrically large sizes DBF arrays of high-gain narrow beam, it is spaced according to traditional half-wavelength
Layout method, the digital channel enormous amount needed for it.For example, the DBF arrays of the 10m length for being operated in 3GHz, its numeral
Number of active lanes is up to 200.Therefore, required digital channel quantity how is reduced, becomes the key issue of large-scale DBF arrays.
Document 1 and 2 pairs of directional diagram complex arts are studied, and are mainly currently for the synthesis of thinned array directional diagram
The sparse thinned array of array element (referring to document 2～7), using genetic algorithm, population calculates the Sparse Array sparse to solve array element
Column direction figure synthtic price index, yields good result.It is the array element of 200 to array size in document 3, bare cloth rate is
0.77～0.83 thinned array model is analyzed；Document 4 is on this basis using genetic algorithm first to antenna element position
Putting carries out rarefaction to force down minor level, and the then excitation further with genetic algorithm to unit is optimized, further drop
Low-sidelobe level；Document 5 considers impact of the beam angle to minor level in thinned array synthesis, and be guaranteed minimum master
The optimum results of lobe beam angle and minor level.Document 6 is removed to array performance contribution in the optimization process of genetic algorithm
Minimum array element so that array can in the case of using less array element synthesized beam directional diagram, the manufacture for reducing array answers
Miscellaneous degree and cost.Document 7 is in order to solve the problems, such as the high graing lobe level of distributed spaceborne array pattern, it is proposed that based on identical son
The thinned array Pattern Synthesis algorithm of battle array, and emulated, realize the suppression to thinned array directional diagram graing lobe.It is above-mentioned
Method although all required array element number is reduced, there is still a need for more digital channel, leads for large-scale array
Cause manufacture complexity height, the cost intensive of array.
Bibliography：
1.Yang K,Zhao Z Q,Nie Z P.Optimization of unequally spaced antenna
arrays using fuzzy discrete particle swarm algorithm[J].Journal of University
of Electronic Science and Technology of China,2012,41(1):43-47.
2. Liu Yuan, Deng Weibo, Xu Rongqing. carry out Array Antenna Synthesis [J] using genetic algorithm. electronics and information journal,
2004,26(3):400-404.
3.Chen K S,Cui B W,He Z S.New Model for Synthesis of Symmetrical
Thinned Linear Arrays [J]. China Electronics's science and technology, 2009,7 (3).
4. king's tinkling of pieces of jades, square outline. with genetic algorithm synthesis thinned array [J]. electronic letters, vol, 2003,31 (12):
2135-2138.
5. great refined, Du Jianchun, Nie Ping. the comprehensive genetic algorithm optimization [J] of thinned array antenna. microwave journal,
2006,22(6).
6.Cen L,Ser W,Yu Z L,Rahardja S,Cen W.Linear Sparse Array Synthesis
with Minimum Number of Sensors[J].IEEE Transactions on Antenna and
Propagation,2010,58(3).
7. Cong Wen corals, Chen Hui, Fan Weishi. thinned array Pattern Synthesis algorithm [J] based on identical submatrix. air force's early warning
Institute's journal, 2014 (6).
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is the defect that the prior art pointed out for background section is present, there is provided can be greatly reduced
Number of active lanes, reduces technical costs, with wide application prospect without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method.
The present invention is comprised the following steps：
1) type and relevant parameter of element antenna in submatrix are determined, while determining unit number contained in a submatrix
Mesh；
2) positional information is obtained using genetic algorithm, the array element in submatrix is arranged, a submatrix is formed, while adopting
With 12 sets of true-time delay schemes, the configuration of four unit submatrixs is shown in Table 1；
Table 1
3) the submatrix number needed for determining, carries out a group battle array, and target is to compress the secondary lobe of total array；
4) submatrix layout information is obtained according to genetic algorithm, carries out the layout of submatrix；
5) after array position layout determines, the array realizes that wide-angle beam is scanned using numerical model analysis scheme.
In step 1) in, the type of element antenna can be E faces electromagnetic horn in the submatrix, and the relevant parameter includes width
Degree, the width can be 56mm；The number of unit can be 4.
In step 3) in, the required submatrix number can adopt 32 submatrixs.
In step 4) in, it is described to obtain submatrix layout information according to genetic algorithm, the layout of submatrix is carried out, can adopt and be based on
Two grades of non-homogeneous submatrix layouts, and using the method for simulation multi-beam in primary submatrix；The submatrix layout can be 32 × 4,
The array is up to 10m, it is only necessary to using 32 digital channels and 32 4 unit submatrixs with simulation multiple beam forming network, adopt
With 4 unit submatrixs of 8 sets of simulation multiple beam forming networks referring to table 2, using genetic algorithm optimization submatrix position distribution is obtained；Adopt
3 are shown in Table with 4 unit submatrixs of 12 sets of simulation multiple beam forming networks, the submatrix position distribution obtained using genetic algorithm optimization,
Adopt as shown in table 3 12 sets of 4 unit submatrixs for simulating multiple beam forming networks when adopting, when array is scanned in angular range,
Situation of its maximum secondary lobe/graing lobe better than table 2.
Table 2
Table 3
The present invention adopts mould using the mixing array supersparsity layout method of two grades of non-uniform spacing submatrixs that is, in submatrix
Intend multiple beam forming network, be poised for battle the different phase-shift phase of unit's configuration so that the wide angle multi-beam antenna of submatrix wave beam degree of realization.It is right
Several submatrixs carry out the layout of non-uniform spacing and constitute total battle array, carry out analog (A/D) sampling after each submatrix output again, single
Individual submatrix only needs a digital channel, so as to greatly reduce number of active lanes.Due to the spacing in submatrix and between submatrix
Obtained using genetic algorithm optimization, and minimum spacing spacing-controllable, the secondary lobe and graing lobe in large-angle scanning situation can be suppressed
Level.In addition, the submatrix of the mixing thinned array of the present invention adopts identical structure, thus with easy processing, easily assembling, easily batch
The characteristics of amount production, low cost, it is widely used.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is two-stage non-homogeneous position distribution schematic diagram of the present invention by taking 64 × 4 arrays as an example；
Fig. 2 is the beam array directional diagram of 32 submatrix Unit 4 12 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the overall plan that the mixing array of the present invention is realized.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention become more apparent, below in conjunction with being embodied as case, and join
According to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
The present invention adopts the layout method of two grades of non-homogeneous submatrixs, and is meeting beam coverage, cross level, wave beam
In the case of the index requests such as resolution ratio, minor level, minimum spacing, the minimum digital channel number needed for DBF arrays is given
In mesh, submatrix between number of unit and cell layout, submatrix layout scheme.The Sparse Array based on two grades of non-homogeneous submatrixs for proposing
Row comp comprehensive layout technology, the structure of the array is made up of multiple identical submatrixs, each submatrix by multiple unequal intervals list
First antenna is constituted, and the spacing between submatrix is also unequal interval.Under the framework of this two grades of non-homogeneous submatrixs, by excellent
Non-uniform spacing in beggar's battle array and between submatrix, can significantly lower the graing lobe and minor level of total array.It is with 64 × 4 arrays
Example, the model of the non-homogeneous position distribution of two-stage is as shown in Figure 1.
The directional diagram of each of which submatrix is：
Wherein, λ for array operation wavelength, N be submatrix in array element number, xnFor the position of each array element, f (θ) is
Element antenna directional diagram.ΘkIt is the sensing angle of the k-th submatrix wave beam selected according to total array beam scan angle, if θ0For total array
Beam scanning angle, thenTotal array is made up of M such submatrix, and submatrix output is using numeral shifting
The method of phase carries out beam scanning, and the directional diagram of its total array is：
Wherein, ρmFor the position of m submatrixs in big battle array.
In the case where submatrix number of unit, submatrix number, the constraint of unit minimum spacing are given, researching antenna unit interval
And the optimization layout parameter of submatrix spacing, i.e. Optimal Parameters xn(n=1,2 ..., N) and parameter ρm(m=1,2 ..., M), uses
To suppress the graing lobe and minor level of array beamses so that the minor level of whole array beamses is less than -13dB.Specifically include：
1) determining unit directional diagram.Primary, the type of determining unit antenna adopts here E faces electromagnetic horn in submatrix, wide
Spend for 56mm.Number of unit 4/6/8；Element pattern can be obtained according to measurement or HFSS emulation.
2) submatrix beam selection scheme.Different beam selection schemes is adopted to different unit numbers, such as unit number is 4
When, using 12 sets of simulation multiple beam forming networks, 12 fixed beams are obtained respectively；
3) gain loss of outermost lateral beam is reduced.12 ° of beam separation of suggestion, the maximum angle of pointing to of wave beam is arranged such as the institute of table 4
Show.
Table 4
| Maximum points to angle (°) | ±44 | ±36 | ±28 | ±20 | ±12 | ±4 |
4) in submatrix unit optimization layout and wave beam synthesis
A, setting constraints.Setting submatrix unit minimum interval, such as 0.6 wavelength, largest interval, such as 1.2 wavelength,
Unit number is 4.It is the smaller the better that requirement obtains submatrix total length.
B, optimal location is looked for be distributed using genetic algorithm submatrix.The step of genetic algorithm (GA), is as follows：
1st, arrange parameter, i.e. evolutionary generation, population scale, crossover probability, mutation probability and optimization end condition；
2nd, the initial separation of array element in initialization population, i.e. submatrix is randomly generated；
3rd, fitness evaluation, i.e., the variable in optimization method calculates the nonuniform noise constituted under the layout most
Big minor level；
4th, Evolution of Population is carried out according to array number, spacing constraint in object function, submatrix：
A () selects (parent), from initialization submatrix parent is selected, i.e., minimum secondary lobe submatrix；
B () is intersected, the parent selected is performed according to crossover probability intersects to form middle individuality；
C () makes a variation, variation is performed to middle individuality according to mutation probability, forms candidate individual；
D () selects (filial generation), new individual composition population of future generation is selected according to fitness from candidate individual；
5th, when maximum evolutionary generation is reached, optimization terminates, and selects the optimum individuality of fitness as optimum results.
5) optimization layout between submatrix and full array beamses complex art：
A, setting constraints.Minimum interval between setting submatrix, such as 2.85 wavelength, largest interval, such as 3.65 wavelength,
Submatrix number is 16, it is desirable to obtain submatrix total length the smaller the better.It is -45 °～45 ° to arrange scan angle.Note guaranteeing main ripple
On the premise of beam scanning gain is not reduced so that the minor level of whole array beamses is less than -13dB；
B, by step 4) submatrix that drawn regards single array element as, and position optimization is carried out again, notes step 4) in B
The object function that 3 steps determine changes the function for being set to minimize maximum secondary lobe and graing lobe under all scan angle states, i.e., p-
During 45 °～45 ° of spacescans, corresponding wave beam is selected, the most first mate of total space when maximum sidelobe levels are -45 °～45 ° scanning
Lobe level, according to step 4) in B the step of optimize the array layout of total battle array；
Because submatrix is using simulation multiple beam forming network, outer layer A/D samples to reduce number of active lanes, in this case can
Cause the generation of graing lobe.So, corresponding index is reached in order to reduce graing lobe, actually using two grades of non-homogeneous sides structured the formation
Case：Cell position is non-uniform spacing in submatrix, is also non-uniform spacing between submatrix, the position distribution in submatrix and between submatrix
It is optimized to obtain, reduce graing lobe and secondary lobe.
Specific embodiment given below.
Step 1. determines the type of element antenna in submatrix, and other relevant parameters, while determining contained in a submatrix
Number of unit.Here select unit antenna is E faces electromagnetic horn, and width is 56mm.Number of unit is 4.
The positional information that step 2. is obtained using genetic algorithm, the results are shown in Table shown in 1.Cloth is carried out to the array element in submatrix
Put, form a submatrix.12 sets of true-time delay schemes are adopted simultaneously.
Step 3. determines required submatrix number, selects 32 submatrixs to carry out a group battle array here, and target is the total array of compression
Secondary lobe.
Step 4. obtains submatrix layout information according to genetic algorithm, carries out the layout of submatrix.As above adopt based on two grades
Non-homogeneous submatrix layout, and can greatly reduce number of active lanes using the method for simulation multi-beam in primary submatrix.With above-mentioned
32 × 4 situation, the array is up to 10m, structures the formation according to half-wavelength during 3GHz, then need 200 digital channels.And adopt this
The technology of project, it is only necessary to using 32 digital channels and 32 4 unit submatrixs with simulation multiple beam forming network.Table 2 is given
When having gone out the 4 unit submatrix using 8 sets of simulation multiple beam forming networks, the submatrix position obtained using genetic algorithm optimization point
Cloth.Table 3 is given when simulating 4 unit submatrix of multiple beam forming network using 12 sets, the son obtained using genetic algorithm optimization
Battle array position distribution.When wherein, using 3 array layout position of table, when array is scanned in angular range, its maximum secondary lobe/graing lobe
Better than using the array distribution situation of table 2, the directional diagram of its scanning is as shown in Figure 2.
After step 5. array position layout determines, the array realizes that wide-angle beam is scanned using numerical model analysis scheme.With
As a example by four unit submatrixs, the overall plan that mixing array is realized is as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (9)
1. without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) type and relevant parameter of element antenna in submatrix are determined, while determining number of unit contained in a submatrix；
2) positional information is obtained using genetic algorithm, the array element in submatrix is arranged, a submatrix is formed, while using 12
Set true-time delay scheme, four unit submatrixs configuration is shown in Table 1；
Table 1
3) the submatrix number needed for determining, carries out a group battle array, and target is to compress the secondary lobe of total array；
4) submatrix layout information is obtained according to genetic algorithm, carries out the layout of submatrix；
5) after array position layout determines, the array realizes that wide-angle beam is scanned using numerical model analysis scheme.
2. it is as claimed in claim 1 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that in step
1) in, the type of element antenna is E faces electromagnetic horn in the submatrix.
3. it is as claimed in claim 1 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that in step
1) in, the relevant parameter includes width.
4. it is as claimed in claim 3 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that in step
1) in, the width is 56mm.
5. it is as claimed in claim 1 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that in step
1) in, the number of unit is 4.
6. it is as claimed in claim 1 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that in step
3) in, the required submatrix number adopts 32 submatrixs.
7. it is as claimed in claim 1 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that in step
4) it is described to obtain submatrix layout information according to genetic algorithm in, submatrix layout is carried out, using based on two grades of non-homogeneous submatrix cloth
Office, and using the method for simulation multi-beam in primary submatrix.
8. it is as claimed in claim 7 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that the son
Battle array layout is 32 × 4, and the array is up to 10m, it is only necessary to using 32 digital channels and 32 band simulation multiple beam forming networks
4 unit submatrixs.
9. it is as claimed in claim 8 without graing lobe large-angle scanning mixing array supersparsity layout method, it is characterised in that the son
Battle array layout, referring to table 2, using genetic algorithm optimization submatrix position is obtained using 4 unit submatrixs of 8 sets of simulation multiple beam forming networks
Put distribution；Using 4 unit submatrixs of 12 sets of simulation multiple beam forming networks referring to table 3；
Table 2
Table 3
Submatrix position distribution is obtained using genetic algorithm optimization.
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| CN107546478A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2018-01-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | Using the large-angle scanning phased array antenna and design method of particular orientation figure array element |
| CN109214088A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-15 | 厦门大学深圳研究院 | A kind of extensive supersparsity planar array fast layout method that minimum spacing is controllable |
| CN110011076A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-12 | 成都聚利中宇科技有限公司 | A kind of thinned array antenna and aligning method of periodic arrangement |
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| CN109214088B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-05-02 | 厦门大学 | Rapid layout method for large-scale ultra-sparse planar array with controllable minimum spacing |
| CN109214088A (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-01-15 | 厦门大学深圳研究院 | A kind of extensive supersparsity planar array fast layout method that minimum spacing is controllable |
| CN110011076A (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2019-07-12 | 成都聚利中宇科技有限公司 | A kind of thinned array antenna and aligning method of periodic arrangement |
| WO2021056890A1 (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2021-04-01 | 上海保隆汽车科技股份有限公司 | Algorithm for optimizing angle grating lobe problem |
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| CN112821090A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-18 | 西安黄河机电有限公司 | Sparse array antenna layout method and sparse array antenna |
| CN113189406A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-07-30 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Circular array antenna of synthetic aperture microwave radiometer based on hybrid subarray |
| CN114094319A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Sparse array structure and array system of unit-level digital micro-system antenna |
| CN114094319B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-04-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 | Sparse array structure and array system of unit-level digital microsystem antenna |
| CN115084874A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-09-20 | 电子科技大学 | Beam scanning array optimization design method based on heterogeneous subarray non-uniform layout |
| CN115084874B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-12-26 | 电子科技大学 | Beam scanning array optimization design method based on heterogeneous subarray non-uniform layout |
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