CN111129787A - Infrared source loadable millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator based on array antenna - Google Patents
Infrared source loadable millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator based on array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129787A CN111129787A CN201911255240.5A CN201911255240A CN111129787A CN 111129787 A CN111129787 A CN 111129787A CN 201911255240 A CN201911255240 A CN 201911255240A CN 111129787 A CN111129787 A CN 111129787A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/28—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the amplitude
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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Abstract
The invention discloses a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator capable of loading an infrared source based on an array antenna, which comprises a plane array antenna, an infrared feed hole and an array antenna feed network, wherein the plane array antenna is connected with the infrared feed hole; the planar array antenna has a rectangular or circular opening surface, and the array antenna unit is a rectangular, circular, elliptical or circular microstrip patch antenna and is fed by a coaxial line; the infrared feed hole is a round hole formed in the center of the aperture surface of the planar array antenna so as to transmit infrared signals; the array antenna feed network provides signals with controllable amplitude and phase for the planar array antenna. When the planar array antenna works, millimeter wave signals are transmitted through the feed network, infrared signals are transmitted through the infrared feed holes, and a good near-field quasi-planar wave quiet zone is achieved in a certain distance area. And optimizing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the spacing of the array elements by combining a genetic algorithm with a least square method, and generating the near-field quasi-plane waves meeting the requirements with less array element number. The invention has the advantages of low cost, light weight, wide frequency band, millimeter wave and infrared coaxiality and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of compact fields for realizing near-field quiet zones by combining a microstrip array antenna and an infrared source, in particular to a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator capable of loading the infrared source based on an array antenna.
Background
Aiming at the problems of high requirement on weather conditions, poor confidentiality, difficult alignment and the like of outdoor far-field measurement, people provide a compact range measurement technology. The basic principle of compact range is to reduce the distance between the antenna under test and the transmitting antenna, making the measurement system compact. Therefore, the compact range system is a device for converting spherical waves emitted by a feed source into plane waves in a short distance, namely, a quasi-plane wave test area with excellent performance is provided in a short distance. By simulating the electromagnetic environment of a far field in a small microwave darkroom, the performance of a stealth device, a high-performance radar antenna, a satellite whole satellite, a millimeter wave antenna and a millimeter wave system is tested and researched by using conventional far field testing equipment and methods, and meanwhile, network parameters of microwave circuits and components can also be measured and high-frequency field simulation can be carried out. With the wide application of millimeter wave antenna systems, the requirement for millimeter wave compact ranges is increasing. The infrared source has the characteristics of high sensitivity, long detection distance, small volume, light weight and the like, does not emit any radiation, does not interfere electromagnetic wave signals, and can greatly expand the application scene of the millimeter wave compact range by loading the infrared detection source.
Technical parameters of the millimeter wave compact field comprise design and processing difficulty, working frequency bandwidth, static area quality, high sealing performance, cross polarization isolation and the like. The present millimeter wave compact range system loaded with infrared source mainly includes a millimeter wave feed source antenna for radiating spherical wave, an infrared feed source and a parabolic reflector whose middle portion has a certain size opening, and the opening is covered with periodic metal net structure. The millimeter wave feed source antenna generally adopts a rectangular or circular waveguide radiator and a horn, and in order to eliminate the mutual influence between the paraboloid and the feed source, the feed source antenna adopts a bias feed mode even if the feed source is positioned outside the action region of the paraboloid reflected wave. Because the feed source is arranged on the radiation surface of the reflection surface, a track is laid on one side of the reflector to continuously adjust the position and the angle of the feed source. This increases the complexity of compact range systems. The paraboloid reflector adopts a standard curved surface such as a paraboloid of revolution and the like, and focuses the transmitted wave from the feed source on the reflecting surface, so that a plane wave is formed on the receiving surface. However, the metal reflecting surface has the disadvantages of high requirement on the machining precision of the millimeter wave band, large influence of the diffraction effect on the edge of the reflector and the like, so that the machining precision of the reflecting surface needs to be improved, and the influence of the diffraction on the edge needs to be reduced by adopting methods such as sawtooth distribution, edge curling and the like on the edge of the reflector. In order to transmit infrared signals, a round hole with a certain size needs to be formed in the middle of the parabolic reflector, and a periodic metal net structure covers the round hole to ensure the total reflection of the millimeter wave feed source on the metal reflector. But the covered periodic metal mesh structure has certain attenuation on infrared signals, and has a narrower bandwidth with the reflectivity of more than 90% on millimeter waves. In addition, the metal reflecting surface and the circular hole in the middle part also need to be designed in a coordinated manner so as to ensure that the infrared and millimeter waves are coaxial. These factors can all greatly affect the quality of the millimeter wave deadband. Therefore, the research on the millimeter wave compact range system loaded with the infrared source of the planar array antenna has important significance for simplifying the compact range system and improving the quality of near-field plane waves.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator capable of loading an infrared source based on an array antenna, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator has the advantages of low cost, light weight, wide frequency band, coaxial millimeter wave and infrared and less array elements, can realize a good near-field quasi-plane wave dead zone in a certain distance area, and has wide application in the performance test and research fields of millimeter wave antennas and millimeter wave systems loaded with infrared sources, and the like.
According to the near field method theory of the array antenna, a least square method and a genetic algorithm are adopted, an opening is formed in the center of the array antenna and is used for loading an infrared source, and a good near field quasi-plane wave quiet zone can be achieved in a certain distance area. Based on rectangular, circular, elliptical or circular micro-strip patches and the like as units, forming a periodically or non-periodically arranged planar array antenna by uniform arrangement and sparse arrangement; a round hole is formed in the center of the opening surface of the planar array antenna and can transmit infrared signals; by changing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the spacing between the array elements, the structure of the array antenna is optimized, and the near-field quasi-plane waves with the same technical requirements can be generated by a small number of the array elements.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna and capable of loading an infrared source comprises a plane array antenna, an infrared feed hole and an array antenna feed network, wherein the array antenna feed network is connected with the plane array antenna through a coaxial line bottom feed; the planar array antenna unit is a microstrip patch antenna and feeds power through a coaxial line; the infrared feed hole is a circular hole with a certain diameter in the center of the planar array antenna and is used for transmitting infrared signals; the array antenna feed network provides millimeter wave signals with controllable amplitude and phase for the planar array antenna. When the planar array antenna works, millimeter wave signals are transmitted through the feed network, the infrared feed holes transmit infrared signals, infrared and millimeter waves are coaxial, and a good near-field quasi-planar wave dead zone is realized in a certain distance area. By combining a genetic algorithm with a least square method and optimizing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the spacing of the array elements, the near-field plane waves with the same technical requirements can be generated by a small number of the array elements.
The aperture surface of the planar array antenna is rectangular or circular;
the microstrip patch of the planar array antenna unit is a rectangular, circular, elliptical or circular patch, and is fed through the coaxial line, and the resonant frequency of the planar array antenna is 8 GHz-40 GHz.
The planar array antenna is arranged periodically or non-periodically.
When the planar array antenna units are arranged periodically, the change range of the spacing between the array elements is 0.6-2 times of the wavelength (the lowest working frequency).
When the planar array antenna units are arranged in a non-periodic manner (sparse arrangement), the change range of the spacing between each array element is 0.6-5 times of wavelength (lowest working frequency).
The planar array antenna utilizes a genetic algorithm in combination with a least square method, and can generate near-field quasi-planar waves with the same technical requirements by optimizing the arrangement mode of array elements and the spacing of the array elements with a small number of the array elements.
The infrared feed hole is a round hole formed in the center of the aperture surface of the planar array antenna, and the diameter range of the infrared feed hole is 40-60 mm.
The array antenna feed network meets the requirements on the amplitude and phase of excitation of different array antenna units.
The high-conductivity metal material of the planar array antenna is gold or copper; the low-loss dielectric substrate of the planar array antenna is sapphire, high-resistance silicon, porous silicon, ruby, high-frequency ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene.
The performance of the formed quasi-plane wave quiet zone is as follows: when the distance between the quiet zone and the planar array antenna is smaller than 1m, the minimum range of the quiet zone is 160mm by 160mm, the amplitude error of an electric field is smaller than +/-1 dB, the phase error is smaller than +/-5 degrees, and the millimeter wave and the infrared are coaxial.
The number of elements of the planar array antenna ranges from 30 to 300.
The invention provides a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator capable of loading an infrared source based on an array antenna, which is a device for realizing a near-field quasi-plane wave dead zone by combining a microstrip array antenna and the infrared source. By adopting a least square method and a genetic algorithm, a good near-field quasi-plane wave dead zone can be realized by optimizing parameters such as the working frequency of the array antenna, the distance between the array antenna and a sampling surface, the number of array elements, the spacing between the array elements and the like; by optimizing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the spacing of the array elements, the near-field plane waves with the same technical requirements can be generated by a small number of the array elements. When the array antenna has a lower operating frequency or a larger number of array elements and an appropriate array element spacing, the amplitude and phase of the generated plane wave are less changed, and the farther the distance is, the more uniform the plane wave is.
The invention has the advantages of low cost, light weight, wide frequency band, coaxial millimeter wave and infrared, less optimized array elements and the like, and can realize good near-field quasi-plane wave quiet zone in a certain distance region. The planar array antenna realizes the light weight of the millimeter wave quasi-planar wave generator; the microstrip patch antenna realizes the broadband of the quasi-plane wave generator; a round hole is formed in the center of the aperture surface of the planar array antenna to realize that millimeter waves and infrared rays are coaxial; and optimizing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the spacing of the array elements to reduce the number of the array elements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a planar array antenna unit with infrared feed holes and planar array antenna units of the present invention arranged uniformly;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal cross-sectional structure of the present invention when the infrared feed holes, the array antenna feed network and the planar array antenna units are uniformly arranged;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of the non-uniform arrangement (sparse arrangement) of the infrared feedholes and planar array antenna units according to the present invention; FIGS. 4-5 are graphs of the optimized results of the near-field plane waves generated by the 48 uniformly arranged planar array antennas by using a genetic algorithm in combination with a least square method;
fig. 6-7 are graphs of near-field plane wave optimization results generated by 36 non-uniformly arranged (sparsely arranged) planar array antennas by using a genetic algorithm in combination with a least square method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 4-5, the black rectangle in fig. 1 represents a microstrip patch antenna unit, the central white circular hole represents an infrared feed hole, D is the diameter of the infrared feed hole, and D is the distance between the centers of the planar array antenna units; the array antenna feed network in fig. 2 is connected to the planar array antenna by a coaxial line.
The embodiment provides a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator capable of loading an infrared source when 48 array antenna units are uniformly arranged, and the millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator comprises a plane array antenna 1, an infrared feed hole 2 and an array antenna feed network 3. By using a least square method and a genetic algorithm, a good near-field quasi-planar dead zone can be realized in a certain distance area by changing the arrangement mode of the array elements of the planar array antenna 1, the spacing of the array elements and the amplitude and the phase of the array antenna feed network 3. Referring to fig. 4-5, the least square method and the genetic algorithm are used to obtain the near-field plane wave optimization results generated by the 48 uniformly arranged planar array antennas. Wherein, in fig. 4, (a) is an amplitude and phase three-dimensional graph, and (b) is an amplitude and phase contour graph; in fig. 5, (a) and (b) are the amplitude and phase profiles in the center line direction, respectively.
In the embodiment, the planar array antenna 1 is composed of 48 array antenna units which are uniformly arranged;
in the embodiment, the planar array antenna 1 unit is a rectangular microstrip patch antenna;
in the embodiment, the array antenna feed network 3 is connected with the planar array antenna 1 through the coaxial line 22;
in the embodiment, the distance d between the centers of the planar array antenna 1 units is 30 mm;
in the embodiment, the infrared feed hole 2 is arranged in the center of the planar array antenna 1, and the diameter D is 50 mm;
in this embodiment, the metal material with high conductivity of the planar array antenna 1 is gold, and the metal material with high conductivity of the ground plate 11 is copper;
in the embodiment, the low-loss dielectric substrate 10 of the planar array antenna 1 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the relative dielectric constant is 2.55, and the thickness is 0.5 mm;
the working frequency of the embodiment is 30 GHz;
the embodiment is arranged on the aperture surface of the distance plane array antenna 1
Can generate the size
Has an amplitude variation of 0.32dB and a phase variation of 2.040。
Example 2
Referring to FIGS. 2, 3 and 6-7, d in FIG. 31The distance between the first planar array antenna unit and the center of the infrared feed hole on the symmetry axis in sparse array arrangement, d2Is the distance between the second planar array antenna element and the center of the first planar array antenna element on the axis of symmetry, d3Is the distance between the centers of the third planar array antenna element and the second planar array antenna element on the axis of symmetry, d4The distance between the centers of the remaining uniformly arranged cells.
The embodiment provides a millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator capable of loading an infrared source when 36 array antenna units are arranged in a non-uniform mode (sparse arrangement), and the millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator comprises a plane array antenna 1, an infrared feed hole 2 and an array antenna feed network 3. By combining a genetic algorithm with a least square method and optimizing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the spacing of the array elements, the near-field quasi-plane waves with the same technical requirements can be generated by a small number of the array elements. Referring to fig. 6-7, the near-field plane wave optimization results generated by 36 non-uniformly arranged (sparsely arranged) planar array antennas are obtained by combining a genetic algorithm with a least square method; wherein, in fig. 6, (a) is an amplitude and phase three-dimensional graph, and (b) is an amplitude and phase contour graph; in fig. 7, (a) and (b) are the amplitude and phase profiles in the center line direction, respectively.
The planar array antenna 1 in the embodiment is composed of 36 array antenna units which are arranged non-uniformly (sparsely arranged);
in the embodiment, the planar array antenna 1 unit is a rectangular microstrip patch antenna;
in the embodiment, the array antenna feed network 3 is connected with the planar array antenna 1 through the coaxial line 22;
in this embodiment, the distance d between the first planar array antenna unit and the center of the infrared feed hole on the symmetry axis of the planar array antenna 1130mm, the distance d between the second planar array antenna element and the center of the first planar array antenna element on the symmetry axis215mm, and the distance d between the centers of the third planar array antenna unit and the second planar array antenna unit on the symmetry axis315mm, between the centers of the remaining uniformly arranged unitsDistance d4Is 20 mm.
In the embodiment, the infrared feed hole 2 is arranged in the center of the planar array antenna 1, and the diameter D is 50 mm;
in this embodiment, the metal material with high conductivity of the planar array antenna 1 is gold, and the metal material with high conductivity of the ground plate 11 is copper;
in the embodiment, the low-loss dielectric substrate 10 of the planar array antenna 1 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the relative dielectric constant is 2.55, and the thickness is 0.5 mm;
the working frequency of the embodiment is 30 GHz;
the embodiment is arranged on the aperture surface of the distance plane array antenna 1
Can generate the size
Has an amplitude variation of 0.46dB and a phase variation of 4.00。
Compared with the prior art, the millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator based on the array antenna and capable of loading the infrared source has the advantages of being low in cost, light in weight, wide in frequency band, coaxial with infrared and millimeter waves, small in number of optimized array elements and the like, and good near-field quasi-plane wave dead zones can be achieved in a certain distance region.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (8)
1. A millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator based on an array antenna and capable of loading an infrared source is characterized by comprising a plane array antenna, an infrared feed hole and an array antenna feed network, wherein the array antenna feed network is connected with the plane array antenna through a coaxial line; the planar array antenna unit is a microstrip patch antenna and feeds power through a coaxial line; the infrared feed hole is a circular hole arranged in the center of the planar array antenna and used for transmitting infrared signals; the array antenna feed network provides millimeter wave signals with controllable amplitude and phase for the planar array antenna; when the planar array antenna works, millimeter wave signals are transmitted through the feed network, the infrared feed holes transmit the infrared signals, infrared and millimeter waves are coaxial, and a near-field quasi-planar wave quiet zone is realized in a front zone; and generating the required near-field plane wave by using a genetic algorithm and a least square method and optimizing the arrangement mode of the array elements and the intervals of the array elements under the condition of reducing the number of the array elements.
2. The array antenna based millimeter wave quasi-planar wave generator loadable with an infrared source according to claim 1, wherein the planar array antenna aperture is rectangular or circular.
3. The millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator based on array antenna and loaded with infrared source of claim 1, wherein the microstrip patch of the planar array antenna unit is rectangular, circular, elliptical or circular patch, and the resonant frequency of the planar array antenna is 8 GHz-40 GHz by coaxial line bottom feed.
4. The array antenna based millimeter wave quasi-planar wave generator loadable with an infrared source according to claim 1, wherein the planar array antenna elements are arranged periodically or non-periodically; when the periodic arrangement is adopted, the change range of the spacing of each array element is 0.6-2 times of the wavelength, namely the lowest working frequency; when non-periodic arrangement, namely sparse arrangement, is adopted, the change range of the spacing of each array element is 0.6-5 times of wavelength, namely the lowest working frequency.
5. The array antenna based millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator loadable with an infrared source according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the infrared feed hole ranges from 40mm to 60 mm.
6. The array antenna based millimeter wave quasi-planar wave generator loadable with an infrared source according to claim 1, wherein the metallic material of high conductivity of the planar array antenna is gold or copper; the low-loss dielectric substrate of the planar array antenna is sapphire, high-resistance silicon, porous silicon, ruby, high-frequency ceramic or polytetrafluoroethylene.
7. The array antenna based millimeter wave quasi-plane wave generator loadable with an infrared source according to claim 1, wherein the near-field quasi-plane wave dead zone performance is: when the distance between the quiet zone and the planar array antenna is smaller than 1m, the minimum range of the quiet zone is 160mm by 160mm, the amplitude error of an electric field is smaller than +/-1 dB, the phase error is smaller than +/-5 degrees, and the millimeter wave and the infrared are coaxial.
8. The array antenna based millimeter wave quasi-planar wave generator loadable with an infrared source according to claim 1, wherein the number of elements of the planar array antenna is in the range of 30-300.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112034266A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-12-04 | 北京中测国宇科技有限公司 | Millimeter wave multi-feed source compact range testing system |
| CN112421242A (en) * | 2020-11-06 | 2021-02-26 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Array arrangement method of ultra-wideband comprehensive caliber array antenna |
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Application publication date: 20200508 |