CN110190380B - Radio frequency plane spiral orbit angular momentum antenna based on annular pin array - Google Patents

Radio frequency plane spiral orbit angular momentum antenna based on annular pin array Download PDF

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CN110190380B
CN110190380B CN201910395708.4A CN201910395708A CN110190380B CN 110190380 B CN110190380 B CN 110190380B CN 201910395708 A CN201910395708 A CN 201910395708A CN 110190380 B CN110190380 B CN 110190380B
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cavity
pin array
sma
antenna
psoam
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CN110190380A (en
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朱泽林
郑史烈
章献民
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors

Abstract

The invention discloses a radio frequency Plane Spiral Orbital Angular Momentum (PSOAM) antenna based on an annular pin array, which belongs to the field of remote communication and radar, and comprises a cavity and a metal pin array; the cavity is a hollow cylinder with a metal structure, and the side surfaces of two ends of the cavity are provided with gaps with a width WrIs 1.2 mm; a metal pin array is embedded on the upper surface of the cavity and is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the number of the rings of the pin array is 1-4, and the distance between the rings is Dx0.5-1.25 mm, pin height DhSatisfies the condition that D is more than 0mmhLess than or equal to 2.6 mm. The cavity size of the PSOAM antenna of the annular pin array is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, as the transverse radiation condition is achieved, an additional horn is not needed. Therefore, the total aperture of the antenna is controlled to be below 12% of the traditional scheme. The invention adopts the cavity design, thereby reducing a large amount of medium loss and improving the efficiency.

Description

Radio frequency plane spiral orbit angular momentum antenna based on annular pin array
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of long-distance communication and radar, and particularly relates to a radio frequency Planar Spiral Orbital Angular Momentum (PSOAM) antenna based on an annular pin array.
Background
With the continuous development of modern communication technology, the scarce spectrum resource gradually becomes the bottleneck limiting the development of wireless communication. The basic characteristic of the electromagnetic wave, which is not effectively utilized so far, of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM), can provide a new physical parameter dimension for modulation, multiplexing and the like of the electromagnetic wave, and has great potential in the aspect of improving the spectrum utilization rate. However, the traditional OAM center has phase singularities, and the middle dark area becomes larger as the propagation distance increases due to the divergent characteristic of the beam. Moreover, the divergence angles of the OAM beams of different modes are different, and multiplexing propagation of a plurality of OAM modes becomes difficult. These problems greatly limit the application of radio frequency OAM. Therefore, psam electromagnetic waves are proposed that solve the far field dark space problem by compressing a three-dimensional conical OAM beam into a two-dimensional plane with the beam phase singularity at the antenna location, and that different modal psam beams can be propagated in the same direction for multiplexing. The proposal of the PSOAM provides a unique idea for the practical application of the radio frequency OAM.
At present, antennas capable of generating a PSOAM beam include an annular traveling wave antenna, a directional array antenna, a dielectric coaxial resonator antenna, a WGM mode resonator antenna and the like. The annular traveling wave antenna has the advantages of high mode purity, simple feed, convenient design and the like. However, the traditional ring traveling wave antenna cannot meet the size condition that the main lobe is located at the horizontal position due to the overlarge caliber, and the main lobe needs to be located at the horizontal direction by adding a horn or using a high dielectric constant medium and the like. The former antenna aperture can be greatly increased to be unfavorable for multi-mode superposition, and the latter antenna aperture can bring extra dielectric loss.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a PSOAM antenna based on a ring-shaped pin array aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, and aims to realize the miniaturization of the antenna, reduce the dielectric loss, realize the PSOAM without an additional horn and promote the PSOAM mode superposition to realize the structured electromagnetic wave.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a PSOAM antenna based on an annular pin array comprises a cavity and a metal pin array; the cavity is a hollow cylinder made of metal, and the side surfaces of two ends of the cavity are provided with gaps with a width WrIs 1.2 mm; a metal pin array is embedded on the upper surface of the cavity and is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the number of the rings of the pin array is 1-4, and the distance between the rings is Dx0.5-1.25 mm, pin height DhSatisfies the condition that D is more than 0mmh≤2.6mm。
Further, the radius R in the cavityinAnd the outer radius R with the mode l of the beam and the equivalent waveguide wavelength λgSatisfies the formula: (R)in+R)/2＝l×λg。
Furthermore, the PSOAM antenna also comprises SMA jacks, wherein 4 SMA jacks are arranged on the lower surface of the cavity, and the SMA jacks are positioned on the circumference of the impedance matching condition of the SMA and the antenna.
Furthermore, the SMA jacks are respectively connected with coaxial cables, the central angle of the first SMA jack is 0 degree, the central angle of the first SMA jack and the second SMA jack is phi, the central angle of the first SMA jack and the third SMA jack is 180 degrees, and the central angle of the first SMA jack and the fourth SMA jack is 180 degrees + phi; where phi satisfies phi ═ (2k +1) pi/2 l, k ═ 0,1,2 …, l-1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the cavity size of the PSOAM antenna of the annular pin array is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, as the transverse radiation condition is achieved, an additional horn is not needed. From the two aspects, the total aperture of the antenna can be controlled to be less than 12% of the traditional scheme. Compared with the scheme of utilizing a high-dielectric-constant dielectric resonant cavity, the invention adopts a cavity design, thereby reducing a large amount of dielectric loss and improving the efficiency. Meanwhile, the size caused by the modulation of the parameters of the annular pin array can be adjusted, so that the problem of shielding of a feed port can be avoided when the multi-mode antennas are stacked.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the XOZ plane of the rf PSOAM antenna based on a ring pin array according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view of the inventive rf PSOAM antenna XOY based on a ring-shaped pin array;
fig. 3 is a directional diagram of the rf PSOAM antenna based on the ring pin array according to the present invention when the far field directivity of the spatial radiation changes with the pitch angle θ (l ═ 3);
fig. 4 is a directional diagram (l-3) of the rf PSOAM antenna based on the ring pin array of the present invention when the far-field gain of the spatial radiation varies with the depression circumferential angle Phi;
fig. 5 is a comparison of the size and composition of the rf PSOAM antenna of the present invention based on a ring pin array and a conventionally designed antenna.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the PSOAM antenna of the annular pin array includes a cavity, a metal pin array, and an SMA jack; the cavity is a hollow cylinder with a metal structure, and the skilled person only needs to adoptGaps need to be arranged on the side surfaces of two ends of the cavity, and the width W of the gaprIs 1.2 mm; a metal pin array is embedded on the upper surface of the cavity and is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the number of the rings of the pin array is 1-4, and the distance between the rings is Dx0.5-1.25 mm, and the height of the pin is more than 0mm and less than DhLess than or equal to 2.6 mm. When the number of the rings is less than 1, namely, the common ring resonant cavity antenna has no function of reducing the size, and when the number of the rings is more than 4, the distance is reduced due to the unchanged outer radius, so that the selectable range of the feed port is reduced, and impedance matching between the SMA and the antenna is not facilitated. Tuning of the ring spacing dimension is not apparent due to too small a ring spacing DxThe product of the number of rings should be less than the outer radius, which reduces the radiation efficiency if the outermost ring is too close to the outer wall, thus reducing the inter-ring distance DxIt should not be too large. Height D of pinhIf the diameter is too large, the outer radius needs to be further reduced, and the variable range of the ring pitch and the number of rings is narrowed.
Radius R in the cavityinAnd the outer radius R with the mode l of the beam and the equivalent waveguide wavelength λgHas the following relationship: (R)in+R)/2＝l×λgThis is common knowledge to a person skilled in the art. And equivalent waveguide wavelength lambdagWaveguiding wavelength λ by cavityeRelated to the frequency reduction effect of the annular pin array. When determining the operating center frequency f, for the initial inner and outer radii RcAnd RincObtaining the wavelength lambda of the cavity waveguideeAnd the working wavelength lambda and the initial inner and outer radiuses meet the following conditions:
Figure BDA0002056728380000031
in the present invention, the number of rings and the inter-ring distance D are determined by the pin arrayxAnd pin height DhThe formed inductive impedance surface has the characteristics of improving the equivalent frequency and reducing the equivalent waveguide wavelength, and can guide the wavelength lambda of the cavity waveguideeDown to the equivalent waveguide wavelength lambdag. Then by an upper inner radius RinAnd the outer radius R with the mode l of the beam and the equivalent waveguide wavelength λgCan reach the actual designed inner and outer radius RinR, due to lambdagDecrease so that RinR is greater than the initial inner and outer radius RcAnd RincAnd decreases.
The lower surface of the cavity is provided with 4 SMA jacks on the circumference of the impedance matching condition of the SMA and the antenna. The SMA jacks are respectively connected with coaxial cables, the central angle of the first SMA jack is 0 degrees, the central angle of the first SMA jack and the second SMA jack is phi, the central angle of the first SMA jack clamp and the third SMA jack is 180 degrees, and the central angle of the first SMA jack and the fourth SMA jack is 180 degrees + phi; where phi satisfies phi ═ (2k +1) pi/2 l, k ═ 0,1,2 …, l-1.
Example (b):
the invention is suitable for different antenna models such as a cavity annular traveling wave antenna, a SIW annular traveling wave antenna and the like, and is also suitable for antenna design of PSOAM of any frequency and any mode of the models.
Taking a cavity annular traveling wave antenna working at 10GHz with a mode of l-3 as an example, the inner radius R of the antennain1.9mm, 7.3mm for the outer radius R, 3.5mm for the thickness H, 4 for the number of pin rings, and a spacing Dx1.25mm, height Dh2.6 mm. Fig. 3 and 4 show that the rf PSOAM antenna based on the ring-shaped pin array is in the far field, and the radiation main lobe direction is horizontal, that is, PSOAM is generated instead of normal OAM radiation. The circumferential phase of the antenna is reversely changed by 3 cycles in the far field, and no obvious abrupt deterioration exists, namely the antenna can generate PSOAM far-field radiation with the pattern of 3. Fig. 5 is a size comparison of the radio frequency PSOAM antenna based on the ring pin array compared with the conventional design scheme, and the size of the resonant cavity itself is greatly reduced while the horn design is omitted by using the ring pin array in the present invention, and the overall size is reduced to 11.57% of the conventional scheme.
The above-described embodiments are intended to illustrate rather than to limit the invention, and any modifications and variations of the present invention are within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides a radio frequency plane spiral orbit angular momentum PSOAM antenna based on annular pin array which characterized in that: what is needed isThe PSOAM antenna of the annular pin array comprises a cavity and a metal pin array; the cavity is a hollow cylinder made of metal, and the side surfaces of two ends of the cavity are provided with gaps with a width WrIs 1.2 mm; a metal pin array is embedded on the upper surface of the cavity and is uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the number of the rings of the pin array is 1-4, and the distance between the rings is Dx0.5-1.25 mm, pin height DhSatisfies the condition that D is more than 0mmh≤2.6mm；
The PSOAM antenna also comprises SMA jacks, wherein 4 SMA jacks are arranged on the lower surface of the cavity, and the SMA jacks are positioned on the circumference of the impedance matching condition of the SMA and the antenna;
the SMA jacks are respectively connected with coaxial cables, the central angle of the first SMA jack is 0 degrees, the central angle of the first SMA jack and the second SMA jack is phi, the central angle of the first SMA jack and the third SMA jack is 180 degrees, and the central angle of the first SMA jack and the fourth SMA jack is 180 degrees + phi; wherein
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Satisfy the requirement of
Figure 818868DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2. The PSOAM antenna based on the annular pin array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radius in the cavity isR in And outer radiusRMode of beam
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And equivalent waveguide wavelength
Figure 417340DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Satisfies the formula: (R in +R)/2=
Figure 169395DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
×
Figure 663961DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
。
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CN107611600A (en) * 2017-08-08 2018-01-19 西安电子科技大学 A kind of SIW annular slot antennas for producing bimodulus OAM vortex electromagnetic waves
CN208226084U (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-12-11 朱永忠 A kind of substrate integration wave-guide resonant cavity OAM antenna

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US10944179B2 (en) * 2017-04-04 2021-03-09 The Research Foundation For Suny Devices, systems and methods for creating and demodulating orbital angular momentum in electromagnetic waves and signals
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CN204834880U (en) * 2015-06-05 2015-12-02 云南大学 Generator is restrainted to OAM helicon wave based on annular line of rabbet joint
CN107611600A (en) * 2017-08-08 2018-01-19 西安电子科技大学 A kind of SIW annular slot antennas for producing bimodulus OAM vortex electromagnetic waves
CN208226084U (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-12-11 朱永忠 A kind of substrate integration wave-guide resonant cavity OAM antenna

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