CN113922090A - Ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN113922090A CN113922090A CN202111238645.5A CN202111238645A CN113922090A CN 113922090 A CN113922090 A CN 113922090A CN 202111238645 A CN202111238645 A CN 202111238645A CN 113922090 A CN113922090 A CN 113922090A
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- radiation arm
- horn antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/50—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation
- H01Q5/55—Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation for horn or waveguide antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, and discloses an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna, which comprises: the radiation arm unit comprises a base, a radiation arm unit and a coaxial conversion unit; the base is provided with an inverted cone-shaped reflecting cavity, the wall of the inverted cone-shaped reflecting cavity is provided with a mounting hole, the radiation arm unit is assembled in the inverted cone-shaped reflecting cavity, and the coaxial conversion unit penetrates through the mounting hole and then is connected with the radiation arm unit through an inner conductor thereof. Compared with the traditional horn antenna, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided by the invention has the advantages that the standing wave working bandwidth of the dual-polarized horn antenna exceeds 22 octaves, the radiation pattern of the antenna is stable within the standing wave working bandwidth, the main lobe is not split obviously, and the gain of the main lobe is increased gradually along with the increase of the frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna engineering, in particular to an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna.
Background
With the development of radar and electronic countermeasure technology, the requirements for measuring antennas used in the fields of electromagnetic compatibility measurement, broadband antenna measurement and the like are higher and higher, especially the requirements for super-width, dual polarization and high gain. When microwave measurement is carried out in the ultra-wideband range, the ultra-wideband measurement antenna can avoid frequent replacement of the measurement antenna, and the dual-polarized measurement antenna can be simultaneously suitable for dual-polarized measurement, so that the test efficiency is improved.
The log periodic antenna has an ultra-wideband characteristic and is widely applied to the field of ultra-wideband measurement, but dual polarization is difficult to realize, and high-frequency band gain is difficult to improve. The dual-polarized horn antenna has the advantages of ultra-wideband characteristic, low cross polarization, stable directional diagram, high-frequency band gain and the like, and is widely applied to the field of ultra-wideband measurement. However, due to the influence of higher order modes, the horn antenna pattern is easily split in the high frequency band. Under the condition of meeting the requirement of a directional diagram shape (axial gain pit dropping is less than 3dB), the bandwidth of a common ultra-wideband dual-polarized horn antenna is not more than 14 octaves. For example, ZHONGXIANG SHEn et al, in IEEE ANTENNAs and Wireless amplification drivers (vol.4, pp.270-273,2005), discloses a Dual-Polarized Horn Antenna with an operating bandwidth of 2-26.5 GHz, and is described in "A New Dual-Polarized Broadband Horn Antenna". In addition, the traditional closed horn antenna is large in size in structure, the caliber of the horn is generally about 0.7 wavelength of low frequency, and the length of the horn is generally more than one wavelength of the low frequency.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna has the characteristics of miniaturization, ultra-wideband and dual polarization, can be applied to the microwave measurement fields of antenna measurement, electromagnetic compatibility measurement and the like, is used for improving the test efficiency, and can also be used as an array antenna unit.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metallic feedhorn, comprising: the radiation arm unit comprises a base, a radiation arm unit and a coaxial conversion unit; the base is provided with an inverted conical reflecting cavity, the wall of the inverted conical reflecting cavity is provided with a mounting hole, the radiation arm unit is assembled in the inverted conical reflecting cavity, and the coaxial conversion unit penetrates through the mounting hole and then is connected with the opposite radiation arm unit through the inner conductor of the coaxial conversion unit;
the radiation arm unit comprises four radiation arms, the backs of the two radiation arms are opposite to form a group of radiation arm pairs, the two groups of radiation arm pairs are arranged in a cross mode, the appearance of each group of radiation arm pairs is similar to that of a dipole antenna, and the length of each group of radiation arm pairs is half wavelength of low frequency;
the whole appearance of radiation arm is "L" shape of falling, just the inside corner and the back corner of radiation arm set up to the circular arc, relatively constitute tubaeform opening through respective back corner between every two radiation arms that set up relatively, and the appearance of tubaeform opening is exponential equation curve, and the length of tubaeform opening is one fifth wavelength of low frequency.
Further, in order to expand the bandwidth, the ridge of the back part on the radiation arm is inclined.
Further, the bottom end of the radiation arm is arranged to be inclined to match with the wall of the inverted conical reflection cavity.
Further, the lower half part of the radiation arm is a ridge waveguide, and the ridge waveguide is connected with the coaxial conversion unit.
Furthermore, the bottom of radiation arm is provided with the breach, and the breach of two relative radiation arms that set up constitutes the rectangle breach relatively.
Further, the coaxial conversion unit comprises an SMA connector and a feed probe, the SMA connector is used as a feed joint of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna, the outer wall of the SMA connector is connected with the outer wall of the inverted cone-shaped reflection cavity, the feed probe is installed in the installation hole in a penetrating mode, and the inner conductor of the SMA connector is connected with the opposite ridge waveguide through the inner conductor of the feed probe.
Furthermore, the feed probe comprises a metal inner conductor and a dielectric layer wrapped outside the metal inner conductor, a circular hole convenient for connecting with the feed probe is formed in the ridge waveguide, and the diameter of the circular hole is the same as that of the dielectric layer of the feed probe.
Further, the base is square.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows:
the invention innovatively designs an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna. The working bandwidth of the antenna exceeds 22 octave bandwidths, and the antenna works in an fL-fH frequency band (fH/fL is 22.5) and dual polarization. Within the working bandwidth, the directional diagram of the antenna is stable, and the main beam is not split obviously. As the frequency increases, the gain in the main beam direction increases gradually. The width of the antenna is about half wavelength of the lowest frequency point, and the height of the antenna is half wavelength of the lowest frequency point. Compared with the current research situation of dual-polarized horn antennas at home and abroad, the dual-polarized antenna has wider bandwidth and smaller size.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a front view of a pair of radiation arms of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a reflection cavity and a coaxial switching unit of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial schematic view of a ridge waveguide of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic voltage standing wave ratio diagram of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an amplitude pattern of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna at a low frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is an amplitude pattern of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna at a high frequency according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of gains of an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna at different frequency points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-base, 2-radiation arm, 3-SMA connector, 4-feed probe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the problem that the bandwidth of the conventional dual-polarized horn antenna is insufficient, the present embodiment is innovatively designed on the basis of the conventional four-ridge ultra-wideband dual-polarized closed metal horn, and provides an ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna, as shown in fig. 1, the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided by the present embodiment includes a base, a radiation arm unit, and a coaxial conversion unit.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the appearance of base is square, has seted up the reflection chamber of obconic on the base, and reflection chamber passes through the whole processing of digit control machine tool, and opens on the chamber wall in reflection chamber has two mounting holes, and the feed probe among the coaxial converting unit of being convenient for runs through the installation.
The length and the width of the square base are both lambda L/7.5, the height is lambda L/32, the diameter of the large end of the reflection cavity in the shape of an inverted cone is lambda L/18.75, the diameter of the small end of the reflection cavity in the shape of a reversed cone is lambda L/37.5, and the height is lambda L/40; λ L in this embodiment refers to a low frequency wavelength.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the radiation arm unit includes four radiation arms, and the back portions of the two radiation arms are opposite to each other to form a group of radiation arm pairs, as shown in fig. 2, in order to implement dual polarization, two groups of radiation arm pairs are arranged in a crisscross manner.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the overall external shape of a single radiation arm is an inverted "L" shape, and the inner corner and the back corner of the radiation arm are provided with circular arcs, and the circular arc radius of the inner corner is λ L/12; the radiation arm pairs oppositely form horn-shaped openings through back corners of the two radiation arms, and the appearance of each horn-shaped opening is in an exponential equation curve.
The length of the radiation arm pair is lambda L/2, the height of the radiation arm pair is lambda L/7.5, the width of the bottom of the radiation arm pair is lambda L/7.5, the length of the formed horn mouth is lambda L/5, and the height of the whole antenna is lambda L/2.34.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the bottom end of the radiation arm is set to be inclined to match the wall of the inverted conical reflection cavity, and the bottom end of the radiation arm is also provided with a notch, and the notches of the two oppositely arranged radiation arms form a rectangular notch.
The lower half part of the radiation arm is a ridge waveguide and is connected with a feed probe in the coaxial conversion unit, and the radiation arm is connected with the coaxial conversion unit through the ridge waveguide.
As shown in fig. 5, in order to widen the band width, the ridge at the back of each radiation arm is formed to be inclined from the thickness direction of the ridge. In this embodiment, the inclination angle of the ridge at the bottom of the radiation arm is 32 °, and the arrangement of the inclination angle improves standing waves and can reduce the distance between the ridge waveguide at the bottom of the two radiation arms, the nearest distance between the bottoms of the two radiation arms is twenty-one-half wavelength of high frequency, the minimum thickness of the ridge waveguide is twenty-one-fifth wavelength of the high frequency, and the maximum thickness of the ridge waveguide is 5 times of the minimum thickness.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the antenna includes two sets of coaxial transforming units, one set of coaxial transforming unit is connected to one set of radiating arm pairs, the coaxial transforming unit includes an SMA connector and a feed probe, an outer wall of the SMA connector is connected to an outer wall of the reflection cavity, and as a feed connector of the antenna, the feed probe includes an internal metal inner conductor and a dielectric layer wrapped outside the metal inner conductor, the feed probe is installed in the installation hole in a penetrating manner, and the inner conductor of the SMA connector is connected to the ridge waveguide on the opposite radiating arm through an elongated feed probe inner conductor.
In a practical embodiment, to facilitate the installation of the ridge waveguide and the feed probe, a small hole is formed in the ridge waveguide on the radiation arm, and the diameter of the small hole is equal to that of the dielectric layer of the feed probe.
The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided by the embodiment can work in fL-fH frequency bands (where fL and fH respectively represent the lowest and highest operating frequencies, and fH/fL is 22.5), and in the ultra-wideband operating frequency band, the standing wave is less than 2.5, the directional diagram is stable, the axial gain is high, the main lobe beam is not split significantly, and the size is small and the weight is light.
Fig. 6 shows the voltage standing wave ratios of two ports of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna shown in fig. 1, wherein the standing wave ratios are all less than 2.5 and the octave bandwidths are 22.5 in the frequency band range of fL to fH (where fL and fH respectively represent the lowest and highest operating frequencies).
Fig. 7 is a normalized amplitude pattern of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna port 1 shown in fig. 1 at the lowest operating frequency fL at which the beam of the antenna is wide.
Fig. 8 is a normalized amplitude pattern of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna port 1 shown in fig. 1 at the highest operating frequency fH at which the beam of the antenna is narrower. And it can be seen from the figure that the main polarization pattern is not split in the main lobe beam.
Fig. 9 shows the gain of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna shown in fig. 1 at different frequency points, and in the frequency band range from fL to fH, the gain gradually increases with the frequency, the lowest gain at the low frequency band is greater than 1dB, the highest gain at the high frequency band is 15dB, and the gain consistency of the two ports is good.
The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna provided by the embodiment solves the problem that the bandwidth of the traditional dual-polarized horn antenna is insufficient, and compared with the traditional horn antenna, the design of the scheme can enable the standing wave working bandwidth of the dual-polarized horn antenna to exceed 22 octaves, and in the standing wave working bandwidth, the radiation directional diagram of the antenna is stable, the main lobe is not split obviously, and the main lobe gain is gradually increased along with the increase of the frequency.
The specific application of the antenna comprises the following aspects: 1) measurement for ultra-wideband antennas; 2) for electromagnetic compatibility measurements; 3) measurements for wireless systems; 4) as elements of an array antenna.
The antenna is a resonant antenna in a low-frequency band, the main radiation structure is a dipole-shaped radiation arm (outside a horn mouth), and the length of the dipole is about half wavelength of the lowest working frequency point; the antenna is a non-frequency-variable antenna in a high-frequency band, and a main radiation structure is a middle horn mouth.
The foregoing is a description of the invention and embodiments thereof provided to persons skilled in the art of the invention and is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive. The engineer can perform the specific operation according to the idea of the claims of the invention, and naturally a series of modifications can be made to the embodiments according to the above description. All of which are considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna, comprising: the radiation arm unit comprises a base, a radiation arm unit and a coaxial conversion unit; the base is provided with an inverted cone-shaped reflecting cavity, the cavity wall of the inverted cone-shaped reflecting cavity is provided with a mounting hole, the radiation arm unit is assembled in the inverted cone-shaped reflecting cavity, the coaxial conversion unit penetrates through the mounting hole, an inner conductor of the coaxial conversion unit is connected with the radiation arm unit, the radiation arm unit comprises four radiation arms, the backs of the two radiation arms are opposite to form a group of radiation arm pairs, the two groups of radiation arm pairs are arranged in a crisscross mode, the shape of each group of radiation arm pair is similar to that of a dipole antenna, the length of each group of radiation arm pairs is half wavelength of low frequency, the overall shape of the radiation arm is inverted L-shaped, the inner corners and the back corners of the radiation arms are arranged into circular arcs, horn-shaped openings are formed between every two oppositely arranged radiation arms through the back corners, and the shape of the horn-shaped openings is in an exponential equation curve, the length of the horn-shaped opening is one fifth wavelength of the low frequency.
2. An ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the ridge of the back portion of the radiating arm is inclined.
3. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the radiation arm is disposed in an inclined shape matching with the wall of the inverted conical reflection cavity.
4. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna according to claim 1, wherein the lower half part of the radiating arm is a ridge waveguide, and the ridge waveguide is connected with the coaxial switching unit.
5. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom ends of the radiating arms are provided with notches, and the notches of two oppositely arranged radiating arms are opposite to each other to form a rectangular notch.
6. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the coaxial switching unit comprises an SMA connector and a feed probe, the SMA connector serves as a feed connector of the ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna, an outer wall of the SMA connector is connected with an outer wall of the inverted conical reflecting cavity, the feed probe is installed in the installation hole in a penetrating manner, and an inner conductor of the SMA connector is connected with the opposite ridge waveguide through an inner conductor of the feed probe.
7. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna of claim 6, wherein the feed probe comprises a metal inner conductor and a dielectric layer wrapped outside the metal inner conductor, the ridge waveguide is provided with a circular hole for facilitating connection with the feed probe, and the diameter of the circular hole is the same as that of the dielectric layer of the feed probe.
8. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna of claim 1, wherein the base is square.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111238645.5A CN113922090A (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna |
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| CN202111238645.5A CN113922090A (en) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Ultra-wideband dual-polarized metal horn antenna |
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| CN113922090A true CN113922090A (en) | 2022-01-11 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114421165A (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-04-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Resistance-loaded ultra-wideband dual-polarized four-ridge horn antenna |
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2021
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