CN109103610B - Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method - Google Patents

Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN109103610B
CN109103610B CN201810974865.6A CN201810974865A CN109103610B CN 109103610 B CN109103610 B CN 109103610B CN 201810974865 A CN201810974865 A CN 201810974865A CN 109103610 B CN109103610 B CN 109103610B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
antenna
feed
feed source
aperture
representing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN201810974865.6A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN109103610A (en
Inventor
叶文熙
梁瑞香
王程
陶啸
丁伟
张新刚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
Original Assignee
Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology filed Critical Xian Institute of Space Radio Technology
Priority to CN201810974865.6A priority Critical patent/CN109103610B/en
Publication of CN109103610A publication Critical patent/CN109103610A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN109103610B publication Critical patent/CN109103610B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/16—Cables, cable trees or wire harnesses

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage, which is based on a multi-aperture multi-beam antenna technology and comprises 3-4 pairs of standard long-focus single-offset parabolic antennas, wherein each pair of antennas comprises a reflector and a feed source array. The antenna adopts the sub-beams with different beam widths to cover aiming at the different communication capacities of different areas in a coverage area, thereby realizing the maximum utilization of satellite resources. The antenna effectively solves the contradiction between the caliber of the reflecting surface and the beam width, ensures the receiving and transmitting edge gain of the beam while realizing different beam widths, simultaneously solves the problem of physical interference among the feed sources in the feed source array caused by non-uniform arrangement, and provides the constraint conditions which are required to be met by the horn directional diagrams of the feed sources with different beam widths.

Description

Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of satellite-borne antennas, and particularly relates to a multi-beam antenna and a design method thereof.
Background
With the increasing demand of broadband high-capacity communication satellites, the multi-beam antenna technology is widely applied and developed. At present, broadband high-capacity communication satellites mainly work in Ku and Ka frequency bands. Future multi-beam antennas will be developed towards wide area coverage and high capacity communications. In order to improve communication capacity, it is desirable to cover a service area with a beam having a smaller beam width to obtain higher gain and frequency reuse times, but conventional multi-beam antennas mostly cover the coverage area with the same beam width, and if the coverage area is covered with a smaller beam, the coverage area cannot be completely covered due to the limitation of satellite resources, and on the other hand, if the coverage area is covered with a larger beam, the communication requirement of a hot spot area in the coverage area cannot be met. In order to utilize satellite resources to the maximum extent and balance the requirements of the coverage area and the communication capacity, a new type of multi-beam antenna needs to be researched, which can cover different communication requirements in the coverage area based on the satellite capacity.
At present, the multi-beam antenna carried by the communication satellite at home and abroad mainly has two forms, one is a single-aperture reflecting surface multi-beam antenna, and the other is a multi-aperture reflecting surface multi-beam antenna. The single aperture reflector multi-beam antenna can be divided into a single aperture forming multi-beam antenna and a single aperture multi-feed source synthesizing multi-beam antenna, the single aperture forming multi-beam antenna is suitable for the conditions of same beam width and larger beam width, and the single aperture multi-feed source synthesizing multi-beam antenna needs to be synthesized through a feed network, so that the power consumption, heat consumption, volume and weight can be increased along with the increase of the number of beams, and the two forms of multi-beam antennas are suitable for the multi-beam antenna with the medium number of beams at present. For the multi-aperture multi-beam antenna, the antenna can select a horn feed source with a larger aperture, and beams formed by feed source arrays corresponding to antennas with different apertures are arranged at intervals, so that high gain and low side lobe seamless coverage can be realized without a complex feed network. The antenna is a preferred form of the future broadband large-capacity wide area coverage communication satellite antenna.
On the other hand, the communication capacity requirement of each small area is unbalanced in a fixed coverage area, so that the conventional multi-beam antenna with the same beam width does not well solve the problem of balancing the satellite resources and the ground requirement when performing beam design.
In order to solve the problem, a multi-beam antenna capable of reasonably optimizing satellite resources needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, provides a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and a design method thereof, determines the final coverage of beams according to different requirements in a coverage area, further solves the contradiction between the beam width, the beam quantity, the satellite resources and the ground requirements, and solves the problem of how to realize sub-beams with different beam widths by a reflector antenna with the same caliber.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage comprises m standard long-focus single-offset parabolic antennas distributed on a satellite; each pair of standard long-focus single-offset parabolic antennas comprises a reflector, a feed source assembly, a feed source array mounting plate, a feed source array support tower, a reflector unfolding arm, an on-orbit antenna pointing mechanism and a locking release device; the feed source component comprises n types of feed sources corresponding to different beam widths; the feed source assembly is arranged on the feed source array mounting plate to form a feed source array, and the feed source array is arranged on the feed source array supporting tower; the reflector is fixed on the antenna pointing mechanism through the reflector unfolding arm; when the satellite is launched, the reflector is installed and locked on a wall plate of the satellite through the locking and releasing device, and after the satellite enters the orbit, the reflector is controlled to be unfolded in two dimensions through the antenna pointing mechanism; m and n are positive integers.
The reflector is a paraboloid, the material of the reflector comprises aluminum honeycomb and carbon fiber, and the shape of the reflector is restrained by the back of the reflector through a circular back rib.
And m is 3 or 4.
A method for designing a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage comprises the following steps:
step one, according to the requirements of different communication capacities of each area in a target coverage area, adopting different beam widths to carry out primary coverage;
step two, determining the focal length F of the antenna;
step three, determining the offset height H of the antenna;
step four, determining the aperture D of the antenna reflecting surface;
fifthly, determining the aperture of the feed source horn corresponding to the wave beams with different wave beam widths;
sixthly, adjusting the beam position to ensure that physical interference does not exist among all feed sources in each feed source array;
seventhly, optimizing a feed source directional diagram in electromagnetic simulation software;
and step eight, obtaining the multi-beam antenna covered by the non-uniform sub-beams according to the beam coverage obtained in the step one, the focal length F obtained in the step two, the bias height H obtained in the step three, the antenna aperture D obtained in the step four and the feed source directional diagram obtained in the step seven.
In the first step, when the preliminary coverage is performed by adopting different beam widths, the area where the communication capacity requirement is greater than 5Gps is covered by adopting a narrow beam, and the area where the communication capacity requirement is less than or equal to 5Gps is covered by adopting a wide beam.
In the second step, the focal length F meets the following conditions:
Figure BDA0001777163360000031
wherein, Delta thetamax＝max(AZmax-AZmin，ELmax-ELmin)，AZmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the azimuth angle, AZminMinimum value of azimuth, ELmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the pitch angle, ELminRepresenting the minimum value of a pitch angle, and SL representing the maximum feed array size which can be allowed to be distributed on the satellite platform;
in the third step, the offset height H satisfies the following condition:
Figure BDA0001777163360000032
θsd≥6
wherein, thetasdRepresenting the minimum angle that guarantees the antenna field of view.
In the fourth step, the method for determining the aperture D of the antenna reflecting surface is as follows:
step 4.1: selecting the aperture of the antenna reflecting surface which enables the edge gain to be within 1dB of the difference between the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band, and determining the aperture as D1;
step 4.2: selecting the aperture of the antenna reflecting surface which enables the edge gain value and the side lobe level value of the wave beams with different wave beam widths to be equal or respectively obtain the maximum value in the receiving and transmitting frequency band, and determining the aperture as D2;
step 4.3: the final diameter D of the reflecting surface was determined as the average of D1 and D2.
In the fifth step, the aperture of the feed source horn corresponding to the beams with different beam widths is calculated according to the following formula:
r＝(d-dr-2t)/2
Figure BDA0001777163360000041
BDF＝(1+0.36(D/4F)2)/(1+(D/4F)2)
wherein r represents the radius of the feed source horn without wall thickness, d is the maximum diameter allowed by the feed source horn, dr represents the minimum gap between the feed source horns, t represents the wall thickness of the feed source horn, n represents the number of antennas, L represents the distance from the focus to the center of the reflecting surface, and thetaBWRepresenting the beam width, BDF is the mid-calculation value.
The concrete method of the sixth step is as follows:
step 6.1, distributing each wave beam to different antennas by adopting a three-color or four-color principle according to the wave beam coverage;
6.2, drawing a two-dimensional plane diagram of each feed source array through drawing software according to the size of the feed source caliber obtained by calculation in the fifth step, and observing whether physical interference exists or not; if physical interference exists, returning to the step one, and adjusting the beam coverage until the physical interference is completely eliminated; and if no physical interference exists, entering a step seven.
The seventh step optimizes the directional diagram of the feed source to meet the following constraint conditions:
the feed source horn directional diagram corresponding to the narrow beam meets the following constraint conditions:
the emission frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure BDA0001777163360000042
the receiving frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure BDA0001777163360000043
the radiation source horn directional diagram corresponding to the wide beam meets the following constraint conditions:
the emission frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure BDA0001777163360000044
the receiving frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure BDA0001777163360000045
wherein, theta0Which represents the half-opening angle of the antenna,
Figure BDA0001777163360000046
representing the feed pattern at theta0Gain at, Gp denotes the peak gain of the feed pattern, θSLLRepresenting the position of occurrence of the first side lobe, G, in the feed patternSLLDenotes the first side-lobe peak gain, θnullIndicating the position, G, of the first zero-depth occurrence in the feed patternnullRepresenting the first zero depth gain in a feed source directional diagram, wherein BW is the beam width;
all feed horns also need to meet the following requirements:
Figure BDA0001777163360000051
wherein G iscx-pRepresenting maximum cross-polarization, VSWR representing return loss of the Feed, FeedηAnd the aperture efficiency of the feed source is represented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, beams with different sizes are adopted to cover different communication capacity requirements in a coverage area, so that the number of the beams is ensured, the problem of unmatched contradiction between satellite resources and ground coverage requirements is effectively solved, and the utilization rate of satellite resources is effectively improved;
(2) the invention provides a research method for realizing the configuration of the reflector antenna with different beam widths, in particular to a selection condition of the caliber parameter of the reflector, which has important guiding significance for the selection and optimization of the parameter in the design process of the multi-beam antenna;
(3) the invention solves the problem of how to realize the receiving and transmitting equalization of the wide beam under the condition of limiting the caliber of the fixed reflecting surface, provides the constraint condition which the directional diagram of the wide beam feed source should meet, and can realize the realization of different beam widths under the caliber of the fixed reflecting surface by shaping the directional diagram of the feed source through the constraint condition, and simultaneously realize the receiving and transmitting edge gain equalization of different beams. The design efficiency of the multi-beam antenna is effectively improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention for designing a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage;
FIG. 2 is a coverage area partition diagram of an exemplary verification algorithm in accordance with the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a beam arrangement obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the gain variation at the edge of a beam obtained according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the beam edge gain and the side lobe level difference obtained according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a reflector antenna for obtaining different beams according to the method of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a two-dimensional plan view of a feed array corresponding to an a antenna obtained by the method of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a two-dimensional plan view of a feed array corresponding to a B antenna obtained by the method of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a two-dimensional plan view of a feed array corresponding to a C antenna obtained by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of a 1 ° beam versus feed pattern obtained according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a feed source pattern corresponding to a 1.3 degree beam obtained by the method of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-beam antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 12, a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage comprises 3-4 pairs of standard tele single-offset parabolic antennas distributed on a satellite; each pair of standard long-focus single-offset parabolic antennas comprises a reflector 1, a feed source assembly 2, a feed source array mounting plate 3, a feed source array support tower 4, a reflector unfolding arm 5, an on-orbit antenna pointing mechanism 6 and a locking release device 7; the feed source component 2 comprises n types of feed sources and corresponds to different beam widths; the feed source assembly 2 is arranged on the feed source array mounting plate 3 to form a feed source array, and the feed source array is arranged on the feed source array supporting tower 4; the reflector 1 is fixed on the antenna pointing mechanism 6 through a reflector unfolding arm 5; when a satellite is launched, the reflector 1 is installed and locked on a wall plate of the satellite through the locking and releasing device 7, and after the satellite enters an orbit, the reflector 1 is controlled to be unfolded in two dimensions through the antenna pointing mechanism 6; n is a positive integer.
The reflector 1 is a standard paraboloid and mainly comprises aluminum honeycombs and carbon fibers, and the shape of the reflector is restrained by the back of the reflector through a circular ring back rib.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for designing a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage includes the following steps:
step one, according to the requirements of different communication capacities of each area in a target coverage area, performing primary coverage by adopting different beam widths, wherein the area with the communication capacity requirement larger than 5Gps is covered by adopting a narrow beam (the beam width is larger than or equal to 1.2 degrees), and the area with the communication capacity requirement smaller than or equal to 5Gps is covered by adopting a wide beam (the beam width is smaller than 1.2 degrees);
step two, determining the focal length F of the antenna, wherein the focal length F meets the following conditions:
Figure BDA0001777163360000061
wherein, Delta thetamax＝max(AZmax-AZmin，ELmax-ELmin) In the formula AZmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the azimuth angle, AZminMinimum value of azimuth, ELmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the pitch angle, ELminRepresenting the minimum value of a pitch angle, and SL representing the maximum feed array size which can be allowed to be distributed on the satellite platform;
step three, determining the offset height H of the antenna, wherein the offset height H meets the following conditions:
Figure BDA0001777163360000071
θsd≥6
wherein, thetasdRepresents a minimum angle that guarantees the field of view of the antenna;
step four, determining the caliber D of the antenna reflecting surface, and the determining method of D is as follows
a. Selecting the aperture of the antenna reflecting surface which causes the edge gain to have a difference within 1dB (smaller is better) in the receiving and transmitting frequency band, and determining the aperture as D1;
b. selecting the aperture of the antenna reflecting surface which enables the edge gain value and the side lobe level value of the wave beams with different wave beam widths to be equal or respectively obtain the maximum value in the receiving and transmitting frequency band, and determining the aperture as D2;
c. the final diameter D of the reflecting surface was determined as the average of D1 and D2.
Step five, determining the aperture of the feed source horn corresponding to the wave beams with different wave beam widths, and calculating according to the following formula:
r＝(d-dr-2t)/2
Figure BDA0001777163360000072
BDF＝(1+0.36(D/4F)2)/(1+(D/4F)2)
wherein r represents the radius of the feed source horn without wall thickness, d is the maximum diameter allowed by the feed source horn, dr represents the minimum gap between the feed source horns, t represents the wall thickness of the feed source horn, n represents the number of antennas, L represents the distance from the focus to the center of the reflecting surface, and thetaBWRepresenting the beam width, BDF is the middle value of the calculation process;
sixthly, determining that physical interference does not exist among all feed sources in the feed source array, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
a. distributing each wave beam to different antennas by adopting a three-color or four-color principle according to the wave beam coverage;
b. drawing a two-dimensional plane graph of each feed source array through drawing software according to the size of the feed source caliber obtained by calculation in the step five, and observing whether physical interference exists or not; returning to the step one, the beam coverage is adjusted until the physical interference is completely eliminated. If physical interference exists, adjusting the beam coverage in the step one until the physical interference is completely eliminated;
seventhly, optimizing a feed source directional diagram in electromagnetic simulation software:
the directional diagram of the feed source horn corresponding to the narrow beam should meet the following constraint conditions:
emission frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000073
receiving a frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000081
the radiation source horn directional diagram corresponding to the wide wave beam meets the following constraint conditions:
emission frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000082
receiving a frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000083
wherein, theta0Which represents the half-opening angle of the antenna,
Figure BDA0001777163360000084
representing the feed pattern at theta0Gain, Gp denotes the peak gain of the feed pattern, θSLLRepresenting a party of a feedFirst side lobe appearance position in graph, GSLLDenotes the first side-lobe peak gain, θnullIndicating the position, G, of the first zero-depth occurrence in the feed patternnullRepresenting the first zero depth gain in the feed pattern, BW is the beam width.
In addition to the above constraints, all horns need to meet the following requirements:
Gp-Gcx-p≥28dB
VSWR≤1.2
Feedη≥80％
wherein G iscx-pRepresenting maximum cross-polarization, VSWR representing return loss of the Feed, FeedηAnd the aperture efficiency of the feed source is represented.
And step nine, according to the beam coverage obtained in the step one, the focal length F obtained in the step two, the offset height H obtained in the step three, the antenna aperture D obtained in the step four and the feed source directional diagram obtained in the step seven, the multi-beam antenna design of the non-uniform sub-beam coverage is completed.
Example (b):
the invention is further described in detail by designing a multi-beam antenna covered by three-caliber non-uniform sub-beams in a Ku frequency band:
step one, as shown in fig. 2, the communication capacity demand of the user for the gray area of the coverage area in the drawing is 8Gps, and the communication capacity demand of other areas in the coverage area is 4Gps, so that the gray area with high communication capacity demand is covered by using a 1 ° beam, and the other areas with low communication capacity demand are covered by using a 1.3 ° beam. The overlay is shown in figure 3.
Step two, as can be seen from fig. 2, the coverage area is wide, in order to reduce beam deformation caused by beam scanning, for a certain satellite platform, the longest focal distance F allowed by the platform is preliminarily selected to be 3.6 meters, and meanwhile, AZ can be obtained from the coverage areamax＝2.18，AZmin＝-4.98，ELmax＝7.64，ELmin0.39, from which Δ θ is obtainedmax7.25, 1m for a certain satellite platform SL, so:
Figure BDA0001777163360000091
it is feasible to take the focal length F to 3.6 meters.
Step three, determining that the offset height H is 0.75m, and substituting the constraint condition of the offset height H as follows:
Figure BDA0001777163360000092
step four, determining the aperture D of the antenna reflecting surface, wherein the maximum aperture of the reflecting surface allowed by the satellite platform is 2.2 meters, so that the maximum aperture of the reflecting surface is selected to be 2.2 meters during analysis:
a. as shown in fig. 4, when the aperture of the reflecting surface is in the range of 2 to 2.2 meters, the difference between the transmission and reception edge gains of the 1 ° beam and the 1.3 ° beam is within 1dB, and D1 is selected to be 2.1m, considering that the difference between the transmission and reception edge gains of the 1 ° beam decreases as the aperture of the reflecting surface increases and the difference between the transmission and reception edge gains of the 1.3 ° beam increases as the aperture of the reflecting surface increases.
b. As shown in fig. 5, when the reflective aperture is 2.2 m, the difference between the gain value of the edge of the 1 ° beam in the transmission/reception band and the side lobe level value is the maximum, and when the reflective aperture is 2.15 m, the difference between the gain value of the edge of the 1.3 ° beam in the transmission/reception band and the side lobe level value is equal, so D2 is selected to be 2.175 m.
c. The diameter D of the reflecting surface was determined to be 2.14m from D1 and D2.
And step five, according to the determined reflector caliber D, the focal length F and the offset distance H, determining the calibers of the feed source horns corresponding to the beams with different beam widths by combining the following calculation formula:
r＝(d-dr-2t)/2 (1)
Figure BDA0001777163360000093
BDF＝(1+0.36(D/4F)2)/(1+(D/4F)2) (3)
in the above formula, r represents the radius of the feed horn, dr represents the minimum gap between the horns, t represents the wall thickness of the horn, n represents the number of antennas, L represents the distance from the focal point to the center of the reflecting surface, and thetaBWRepresenting the beam width, BDF is the calculation process intermediate value. The thickness t of the horn is usually 1 to 2mm, and the minimum gap dr between the horns is usually 2 to 3 mm.
In this calculation, t is 1.2mm, and dr is 2mm, so that the inner diameter of the feed horn corresponding to the beam of 1 ° is 48.5mm, and the inner diameter of the feed horn corresponding to the beam of 1.3 ° is 63.77 mm.
Step six, according to the beam arrangement in the step one, each beam is allocated to different reflector antennas by using a three-color principle, as shown in fig. 6, A, B, C represents one of the reflector antennas respectively. Meanwhile, through the drawing function of matlab, two-dimensional plane graphs of three feed source arrays are obtained as shown in fig. 7-9, and it can be seen that no physical interference exists among the feed sources.
Step seven, shaping a feed source directional diagram in simulation software Champ, wherein the horn directional diagrams corresponding to the beams of 1 degree and 1.3 degrees are respectively constrained as follows:
the 1 ° beam feed horn pattern constraints are as follows:
emission frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000101
receiving a frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000102
the constraint conditions of the radiation source horn directional diagram corresponding to the beam of 1.3 degrees are as follows:
emission frequency band directional diagram:
Figure BDA0001777163360000103
receiving a frequency band directional diagram:
θSLL>θ0 (7)
GSLL<10dB (8)
θ0-2BW≤θnull<θ0 (9)
GSLL<-20dB and GP-GSLL≥30dB(10)
In the above formula, θ0Representing the half-opening angle of the antenna,
Figure BDA0001777163360000104
representing the direction pattern of the feed at theta0Gain, Gp represents the peak gain of the feed pattern, θSLLFor the first side lobe occurrence in the feed pattern, GSLLIs the first side-lobe peak gain, θnullFor the first zero-depth occurrence position, G, in the feed direction diagramnullThe first zero-depth gain in the feed source directional diagram;
in addition to the above constraints, all horns add the following optimization objectives:
Gp-Gcx-p≥28dB
VSWR≤1.2
Feedη≥80％
wherein G iscx-pRepresenting maximum cross-polarization, VSWR representing return loss of the Feed, FeedηAnd the aperture efficiency of the feed source is represented.
The following parameters can be calculated: theta0＝15.6°；13°≤θnull<15.6°；BW＝1.3
The maximum enveloping radius of the feed source is ensured to be smaller than the inner diameter of the feed source horn in the optimization process, and the final optimized feed source directional diagram is shown in fig. 10 and fig. 11.
And step nine, according to the obtained beam coverage, antenna configuration and feed source simulation directional diagram, the multi-beam antenna with the Ku frequency band non-uniform sub-beam coverage is completed.
The antenna solves the problems of non-uniform coverage of wide and narrow beams, antenna configuration design, edge gain equalization of different beam widths and the like. The method can be applied to the design of wide-area coverage and high-capacity communication satellites in the future. The antenna has the advantages of simple principle, excellent performance and the like based on the characteristics of a scheme, and has strong practicability and market competitiveness in a high-performance large-capacity communication satellite and a wide-area coverage mobile communication satellite.
It should be noted that, the contents that are not described in detail in this specification can be realized by those skilled in the art through the description in this specification and the prior art, and therefore, the details are not described herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. For the person skilled in the art, without inventive step, several modifications and alterations of the invention are possible, all of which are intended to be covered by the scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. A method for designing a multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, according to the requirements of different communication capacities of each area in a target coverage area, adopting different beam widths to carry out primary coverage;
step two, determining the focal length F of the antenna;
in the second step, the focal length F meets the following conditions:
Figure FDA0002919898460000011
wherein, Delta thetamax＝max(AZmax-AZmin，ELmax-ELmin)，AZmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the azimuth angle, AZminMinimum value of azimuth, ELmaxRepresenting the maximum value of the pitch angle, ELminRepresenting the minimum value of a pitch angle, and SL representing the maximum feed array size which can be allowed to be distributed on the satellite platform; step three, determining the offset height H of the antenna;
in the third step, the offset height H satisfies the following condition:
Figure FDA0002919898460000012
wherein, thetasdRepresents a minimum angle that guarantees the field of view of the antenna;
step four, determining the aperture D of the antenna reflecting surface;
in the fourth step, the method for determining the aperture D of the antenna reflecting surface is as follows:
step 4.1: selecting the aperture of the antenna reflecting surface which enables the edge gain to be within 1dB of the difference between the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band, and determining the aperture as D1;
step 4.2: selecting the aperture of the antenna reflecting surface which enables the edge gain value and the side lobe level value of the wave beams with different wave beam widths to be equal or respectively obtain the maximum value in the receiving and transmitting frequency band, and determining the aperture as D2;
step 4.3: taking the average value of D1 and D2 as the final caliber D of the reflecting surface;
fifthly, determining the aperture of the feed source horn corresponding to the wave beams with different wave beam widths;
sixthly, adjusting the beam position to ensure that physical interference does not exist among all feed sources in each feed source array;
seventhly, optimizing a feed source directional diagram in electromagnetic simulation software;
the seventh step optimizes the directional diagram of the feed source to meet the following constraint conditions:
the feed source horn directional diagram corresponding to the narrow beam meets the following constraint conditions:
the emission frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure FDA0002919898460000021
the receiving frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure FDA0002919898460000022
the radiation source horn directional diagram corresponding to the wide beam meets the following constraint conditions:
emission frequency band directional diagram fullFoot:
Figure FDA0002919898460000023
the receiving frequency band directional diagram satisfies:
Figure FDA0002919898460000024
wherein, theta0Which represents the half-opening angle of the antenna,
Figure FDA0002919898460000025
representing the feed pattern at theta0Gain at, Gp denotes the peak gain of the feed pattern, θSLLRepresenting the position of occurrence of the first side lobe, G, in the feed patternSLLDenotes the first side-lobe peak gain, θnullIndicating the position, G, of the first zero-depth occurrence in the feed patternnullRepresenting the first zero depth gain, theta, in the feed patternBWIs the beam width;
all feed horns also need to meet the following requirements:
Figure FDA0002919898460000026
wherein G iscx-pRepresenting maximum cross-polarization, VSWR representing return loss of the Feed, FeedηRepresenting the aperture efficiency of the feed source;
and step eight, obtaining the multi-beam antenna covered by the non-uniform sub-beams according to the beam coverage obtained in the step one, the focal length F obtained in the step two, the bias height H obtained in the step three, the antenna aperture D obtained in the step four and the feed source directional diagram obtained in the step seven.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: in the first step, when the preliminary coverage is performed by adopting different beam widths, the area where the communication capacity requirement is greater than 5Gps is covered by adopting a narrow beam, and the area where the communication capacity requirement is less than or equal to 5Gps is covered by adopting a wide beam.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises: in the fifth step, the aperture of the feed source horn corresponding to the beams with different beam widths is calculated according to the following formula:
r＝(d-dr-2t)/2
Figure FDA0002919898460000031
BDF＝(1+0.36(D/4F)2)/(1+(D/4F)2)
wherein r represents the radius of the feed source horn without wall thickness, d is the maximum diameter allowed by the feed source horn, dr represents the minimum gap between the feed source horns, t represents the wall thickness of the feed source horn, n represents the number of antennas, L represents the distance from the focus to the center of the reflecting surface, and thetaBWRepresenting the beam width, BDF is the mid-calculation value.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method comprises: the concrete method of the sixth step is as follows:
step 6.1, distributing each wave beam to different antennas by adopting a three-color or four-color principle according to the wave beam coverage;
6.2, drawing a two-dimensional plane diagram of each feed source array through drawing software according to the size of the feed source caliber obtained by calculation in the fifth step, and observing whether physical interference exists or not; if physical interference exists, returning to the step one, and adjusting the beam coverage until the physical interference is completely eliminated; and if no physical interference exists, entering a step seven.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the method comprises: the multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage comprises m standard long-focus single-offset parabolic antennas distributed on a satellite; each pair of standard long-focus single-offset parabolic antennas comprises a reflector (1), a feed source assembly (2), a feed source array mounting plate (3), a feed source array supporting tower (4), a reflector unfolding arm (5), an on-orbit antenna pointing mechanism (6) and a locking release device (7); the feed source component (2) comprises n types of feed sources and corresponds to different beam widths; the feed source assembly (2) is arranged on the feed source array mounting plate (3) to form a feed source array, and the feed source array is arranged on the feed source array supporting tower (4); the reflector (1) is fixed on the antenna pointing mechanism (6) through a reflector unfolding arm (5); when a satellite is launched, the reflector (1) is installed and locked on a wall plate of the satellite through the locking and releasing device (7), and after the satellite enters the orbit, the reflector (1) is controlled to be unfolded in two dimensions through the antenna pointing mechanism (6); m is a positive integer, and n is a positive integer of 2 or more.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the method comprises: the reflector (1) is a paraboloid, the material comprises aluminum honeycombs and carbon fibers, and the back of the reflector (1) restrains the shape surface of the reflector (1) through a circular back rib.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises: and m is 3 or 4.
CN201810974865.6A 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method Active CN109103610B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810974865.6A CN109103610B (en) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201810974865.6A CN109103610B (en) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN109103610A CN109103610A (en) 2018-12-28
CN109103610B true CN109103610B (en) 2021-07-09

Family

ID=64850826

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201810974865.6A Active CN109103610B (en) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN109103610B (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110504520B (en) * 2019-08-02 2021-02-09 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Multi-aperture movable unfolding antenna
CN113725627A (en) * 2021-07-22 2021-11-30 西安空间无线电技术研究所 Ultra-wideband multifunctional integrated load based on reflecting surface

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1145698A (en) * 1994-04-08 1997-03-19 艾利森公司 Multiple beamwidth phased array

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1145698A (en) * 1994-04-08 1997-03-19 艾利森公司 Multiple beamwidth phased array

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Design of Four Aperture Non-uniform Coverage Muti-beam Antenna in Ka-band;Ye Weixia等;《2017 Sixth Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP)》;20171019;摘要，正文第1-3页，图1-10 *
一种Ka双频段四口径多波束天线的设计;陶啸等;《微波学报》;20120815;第157-159页，图1-7 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109103610A (en) 2018-12-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN109586043B (en) Base station antenna with lens for reducing upwardly directed radiation
CN108701905B (en) Horn antenna
US7394436B2 (en) Multi-beam and multi-band antenna system for communication satellites
US6396453B2 (en) High performance multimode horn
US9478861B2 (en) Dual-band multiple beam reflector antenna for broadband satellites
CN103022728B (en) Method for designing partial-feed paraboloid multi-beam antenna feed array
US7242904B2 (en) Dual-band multiple beam antenna system for communication satellites
US7161549B1 (en) Single-aperture antenna system for producing multiple beams
US10566698B2 (en) Multifocal phased array fed reflector antenna
CN107732464B (en) Design method, system and medium of multivariable shaped beam antenna
US20060125706A1 (en) High performance multimode horn for communications and tracking
CN104103910A (en) Optimization design method of single-aperture and multi-beam antenna
CN109560373B (en) Reflective array antenna with low RCS characteristic
CN109103610B (en) Multi-beam antenna with non-uniform sub-beam coverage and design method
CN104600435A (en) Fractal media resonant antenna used as paraboloidal feed source
US11688950B2 (en) Multisegment array-fed ring-focus reflector antenna for wide-angle scanning
CN110610018B (en) Method and system for realizing Ku frequency band ultra-low cross polarization multi-beam antenna
CN110739547A (en) Cassegrain antenna
Ta et al. A cavity-backed angled-dipole antenna array for low millimeter-wave bands
CN206451818U (en) Feed and antenna system
Manoochehri et al. A new method for designing high efficiency multi feed multi beam reflector antennas
WO2022262956A1 (en) Advanced antenna systems with reduced sidelobes
CN114465019A (en) Cassegrain antenna with transmitting and receiving coaxial functions for terahertz real aperture imaging
Quzwain et al. New Reflector Shaping Methods for Dual-Reflector Antenna
US6188370B1 (en) Grid antennas and methods with efficient grid spacing

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant