CN112412417A - The coal seam hydraulic power cave-making combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method - Google Patents
The coal seam hydraulic power cave-making combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112412417A CN112412417A CN202011223132.2A CN202011223132A CN112412417A CN 112412417 A CN112412417 A CN 112412417A CN 202011223132 A CN202011223132 A CN 202011223132A CN 112412417 A CN112412417 A CN 112412417A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
- E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling, insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/006—Production of coal-bed methane
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
Abstract
The coal seam hydraulic cave-building combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method comprises the following steps of constructing crossheading drilling holes on a working face crossheading, wherein the distance between every two adjacent drilling holes is 7-10m, and any two adjacent drilling holes are named as a heat injection hole and a pumping hole respectively. Arranging an extraction pipe in the drilled hole, and conveying the special hole packer into a second extraction pipe to seal holes; high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen is injected into the heat injection hole through a special hole packer, and the adjacent extraction holes are used for extracting normal gas all the time, so that the escaped gas of the heated coal body is guaranteed to be pumped away in time; and connecting the extraction pipe in the heat injection hole with an extraction system to perform gas extraction work, thereby further enhancing the gas extraction effect. In conclusion, the invention has scientific principle, tight hole sealing, safety and reliability, is combined with hydraulic punching, greatly enhances the heat injection strengthening and extraction promoting effect, can be widely applied to rock cross-cut coal uncovering, fault crossing, anti-reflection and extraction promoting of a mining working surface, strengthening gas extraction and other works, and has wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety production, and particularly relates to a method for promoting pumping of a coal seam by combining hydraulic cave construction with drilling, heat injection, permeability increase and drainage increase.
Background
Most coal seams in China have the characteristics of 'three low and one high' (low permeability, low saturation, low reservoir pressure and high metamorphic degree). The low permeability of the coal seam causes difficulty in gas extraction, causes disorder of 'extraction-excavation-extraction' of a mine, forms a major potential safety production hazard, and is a hidden danger of coal mine gas accidents. Therefore, the study of scholars at home and abroad provides hydraulic cutting, protective layer mining, deep hole blasting, CO2And (3) technical measures for increasing permeability and promoting pumping of coal beds such as phase change fracturing. However, for various reasons, the anti-reflection effect of various technical measures commonly used at present needs to be further improved in terms of technology and economy.
The gas desorption speed of the coal body is closely related to the temperature of the coal body. The related research results show that the temperature of the coal body is increased by 1 ℃, and the gas desorption capacity of the coal body is improved by about 8 percent. Therefore, the coal body gas desorption can be enhanced by heating the coal body, and the gas extraction effect is improved. However, the existing coal body heating technology mostly adopts non-contact heating modes such as infrared and microwave, and although the methods can quickly heat the coal body, the methods have the defects of high attenuation speed, high energy consumption, easy damage, incapability of recycling equipment and the like, and are difficult to popularize and apply in a large range; some researchers also propose that the coal body is heated by injecting superheated water or water vapor into the coal bed, although the coal body can be effectively heated, water lock effect can be formed in pores of the coal body after the water vapor and hot water enter the coal body, desorption of gas in the coal body is inhibited, and gas extraction effect is reduced on the contrary. In addition, when a high-temperature medium having oxidizing properties (e.g., air) is injected into the coal body, there is a possibility that the coal body in the drilled hole may be ignited, which raises a new safety problem. Therefore, when a heat injection strengthening and extraction promoting technical measure is adopted, a new heat injection method, a heat injection medium and a heat injection way are urgently needed to avoid generating a water lock effect, enhance the heat drive effect on coal gas and the permeability increasing and extraction promoting effect, effectively improve the gas extraction effect, relieve the mine 'extraction-excavation-extraction' balance problem and avoid borehole ignition.
The nitrogen has good chemical stability, is common inert gas, does not burn and support combustion, is very easy to prepare and has low manufacturing cost. If the nitrogen is heated and then injected into the coal body through the drill hole, the temperature of the coal body can be effectively improved, the heat-driving effect on the coal body can be enhanced, and the gas extraction effect is enhanced; the high nitrogen gas partial pressure can form replacement and displacement effects on the coal gas, so that the gas extraction effect is further enhanced; and the inertia characteristic of the nitrogen can prevent the fire of the drill hole and avoid the accidents of fire, gas explosion, coal dust explosion and the like. Therefore, the method is economically feasible to carry out coal seam drilling hole heat injection strengthening and pumping promotion by using high-temperature nitrogen as a medium.
The method for heating the injected coal body medium underground is generally carried out by adopting methods such as a heating cable, a resistance wire and the like. However, in the method, the heating cable, the resistance wire and the like are directly exposed in the air or coal, so that the danger of gas explosion and coal dust explosion is caused in the atmosphere with high gas concentration and high coal dust concentration in the coal mine, and malignant accidents are easily caused.
Hydraulic cavitation is an emerging technology for increasing permeability and promoting pumping in recent years. For a coal seam without cross-layer drilling hydraulic cave making conditions, the hydraulic cave making technology is a technical measure for constructing cross-layer drilling in the coal seam and digging a cave in a coal body through hydraulic power so as to fully relieve pressure of the coal body. The specific technical principle is as follows: by carrying out hydraulic cave making after drilling along the coal bed, a certain amount of coal is artificially flushed out from the coal body to form a cave, and a sufficient space is provided for the expansion and deformation of the coal body; the coal body around the hole creeps under the action of strong ground stress, so that the coal body and gas are transported to the cave from a distance, the stress in the cave influence range is reduced, the pressure of the coal bed is fully relieved, cracks are increased, the gas permeability of the coal bed is greatly increased, the gas desorption and extraction are promoted, and the gas extraction effect is further improved. The hydraulic cave-making technology does not need to construct additional rock roadways and drill holes, greatly reduces the engineering quantity and effectively reduces the engineering cost.
However, the pressure relief of the area is difficult to realize only by means of hydraulic hole making technical measures, and the drainage blank zone is easy to cause when the pressure relief is uneven, so that hidden danger is brought to the prevention and control of mine gas disasters; and if large-area hydraulic hole making is to be implemented, a large amount of hole making engineering amount and hole making time are increased. Therefore, a new technical measure is urgently needed to be found, and the problems are effectively solved on the premise of ensuring the coal seam gas extraction effect and not increasing the hydraulic cave making engineering quantity.
By combining the technologies, the coal body can be heated and the gas desorption is enhanced by injecting high-temperature nitrogen into the coal body through the drill hole, and meanwhile, the coal body can be pyrolyzed at high temperature, so that the air permeability of the coal body is increased, and the gas extraction work is facilitated; moreover, because the injected high-temperature nitrogen can form a high-pressure area around the drill hole, the high-pressure area has high gas partial pressure, coal gas can be replaced and displaced to a far hydraulic cave drilling affected area (low-pressure area), the gas extraction effect can be enhanced under the action of strong pressure difference, and the problems of hydraulic cave construction quantity and the like can be further greatly reduced. The technical measures of hole drilling and heat injection in cooperation with hydraulic cave construction can effectively improve the gas extraction effect of the coal seam, is beneficial to solving the problem of 'pumping-digging-mining' imbalance of the mine, and is a relatively advanced measure for increasing the permeability of the coal seam and promoting the pumping.
In the processes of heat injection strengthening pumping promotion and gas extraction, hole sealing work is very important basic work; the quality of hole sealing directly influences the coal cracking degree and the gas extraction effect, and directly influences the economic benefit of the technology. The quality of hole sealing is mainly controlled by the performance of the hole sealing device and a hole sealing process method; however, the existing hole sealing device and hole sealing method are designed under normal temperature conditions, and the problems of hole sealing material fracture, hole drilling air leakage, poor gas extraction effect and the like are easily caused under the action of strengthening pumping promotion by injecting heat with high-temperature nitrogen, and the requirements of high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen injection and gas extraction work at normal temperature are hardly considered. If the hydraulic hole-making drill hole and the nitrogen injection drill hole are respectively constructed and sealed under the normal temperature condition, the drilling engineering quantity can be increased, the extraction engineering cost and the sealing cost are increased, and the requirements of the field work of the coal mine can not be met no matter from the technical aspect or the economic aspect. Therefore, a method for promoting the coal seam to be pumped by combining hydraulic cave construction with drilling, heat injection and permeability increase is urgently needed, and the requirements of high-temperature medium injection, normal-temperature gas extraction and reutilization can be met simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, provides a coal seam hydraulic hole-making combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method, covers the safe and efficient heating of nitrogen, a special hole packer for enhancing the pumping of coal seam drilling heat injection, and a heat injection enhancing pumping-promoting method combined with hydraulic hole-making, solves the problems that the heating efficiency of a heat injection medium is low and unsafe, a conventional hole packer cannot be applied to a high-temperature condition, the hole sealing effect is poor, the pumping effect is poor due to the fact that hydraulic hole-making is simply relied on, and the like, and achieves the purposes of enhancing the hole sealing effect under the conditions of high temperature and normal temperature, improving the heat injection enhancing pumping-promoting degree of coal bodies, and improving the gas pumping effect of coal seams.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the coal seam hydraulic cave-making combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method comprises the following steps,
(1) operating a mechanical drilling machine to construct crossheading drill holes to the coal body on the working face crossheading, wherein the drill holes are arranged in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent drill holes is 7-10m, and any two adjacent drill holes are named as a heat injection hole and an extraction hole respectively;
(2) performing hydraulic cave making operation on all the extraction holes, and sealing the drill holes by adopting a conventional two-plugging one-injection process after the hydraulic cave making operation is finished, wherein the length of the sealed hole sections of the extraction holes is not less than 8 m; after the hole sealing material is solidified, connecting a first extraction pipe in an extraction hole with an underground extraction system of a coal mine to extract gas;
(3) conveying the special hole packer into a second extraction pipe in the heat injection hole to a preset depth, and sealing the second extraction pipe;
(4) injecting high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen into the hot hole through a special hole packer;
(5) high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen is used for injecting heat to the coal body at high pressure, and the pressure of the nitrogen is not less than 2 MPa; the nitrogen is transported to the far position of the heat injection hole under the action of high pressure, the coal body is continuously heated in the transportation process, the gas desorption of the coal body is promoted, the coal body is pyrolyzed, the pores of the coal body are increased, the gas permeability of the coal body is improved, and the gas extraction is strengthened; meanwhile, the adjacent extraction holes are used for normally extracting gas all the time, so that the escaped gas of the heated coal body is ensured to be timely extracted, and the gas is prevented from hurting people;
(6) after injecting high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen into the heat injection hole to heat the coal body for 4 hours, stopping the heat injection strengthening pumping promotion work of the coal body, taking out the special hole packer from the second pumping pipe, and continuously reusing the special hole packer next time;
(7) connecting the second extraction pipe in the heat injection hole with an extraction system to perform gas extraction work so as to further enhance the gas extraction effect;
(8) and (3) detecting the gas concentrations of the first extraction pipe and the second extraction pipe every day in the gas extraction process, separating the outer end of the second extraction pipe from the extraction system when detecting that the gas concentration in the first extraction pipe or the second extraction pipe is lower than 10%, and repeating the steps (3) - (7).
The special hole packer comprises a nitrogen bottle, a heat injection pump, a grouting pump, a nitrogen heating device, a first bag, a second bag, a gas injection pipe and a hole sealing pipe, wherein the nitrogen bottle is arranged on a support in an inverted mode, the gas injection pipe and the hole sealing pipe are parallel to a second extraction pipe, the first bag and the second bag are fixedly arranged on the gas injection pipe along the same central line, the second bag is positioned on the inner side of the first bag, the outlet end of the hole sealing pipe penetrates through the first bag to extend into the second bag, a through hole communicated with the interior of the first bag is formed in the hole sealing pipe, a closed cavity is formed between the first bag and the second bag in the second extraction pipe, a one-way valve is arranged on the second bag, the inlet of the one-way valve is communicated with the closed cavity, the outlet of the one-way valve is positioned on the inner side of the second bag, and an explosion valve is arranged between the first bag and; the joints of the gas injection pipe, the hole sealing pipe and the check valve and the second bag are all connected in a sealing way, and the joints of the gas injection pipe and the hole sealing pipe and the first bag are all connected in a sealing way;
the grouting pump is connected with the outer end of the hole sealing pipe through a grouting hose, the nitrogen bottle is connected with the outer end of the gas injection pipe through a gas injection hose, and the heat injection pump and the nitrogen heating device are both arranged on the gas injection hose.
The outer end part of the gas injection pipe is provided with a gas injection valve, the outer end part of the hole sealing pipe is provided with a hole sealing valve, and the bottle mouth of the nitrogen cylinder is provided with a switch valve.
The nitrogen heating device comprises a heating box with a cuboid structure, an air inlet and an air outlet which are connected with a gas injection hose are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the heating box, a three-dimensional net cage structure is arranged in the heating box, the left side box wall and the right side box wall of the heating box are respectively provided with a fixing ring for fixing the three-dimensional cage structure, the three-dimensional net cage structure is formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of heat pipes which are arranged in a criss-cross mode, electric heating wires and insulating heat conduction oil are arranged in the heat pipes, an upper wiring column and a lower wiring column are respectively arranged above and below the three-dimensional net cage structure in the heating box, the upper end and the lower end of each electric heating wire are respectively connected with the upper wiring column and the lower wiring column, and the upper wiring column and the lower wiring column are respectively.
The wall of the heating box is of a three-layer structure, the outermost layer and the innermost layer are respectively formed by welding steel plates, and the middle interlayer is filled with glass fiber heat-insulating materials.
Fixing the first bag and the second bag on an air injection pipe, wherein the distance between the first bag and the second bag is not less than 4 m; connecting the hole sealing pipe with a grouting hose and a grouting pump, opening a hole sealing valve, pumping clear water by the grouting pump to inject water into the first bag and the second bag through the grouting hose and the hole sealing pipe, wherein the water injection pressure is not less than 2MPa, so that the outer edges of the first bag and the second bag are fully contacted with the inner wall of the second extraction pipe, and the purpose of sealing the second extraction pipe is achieved; continuously increasing the water injection pressure of the grouting pump, opening a blast valve between the first bag and the second bag on the hole sealing pipe, and allowing clear water to flow into a closed cavity formed between the first bag and the second bag in the second extraction pipe; the opening pressure of the one-way valve on the second bag is 2MPa, when the pressure in the closed cavity is greater than 2MPa, the one-way valve on the second bag is opened towards the inner side of the heat injection hole, air in the closed cavity is discharged, clean water continuously flows into the closed cavity until the closed cavity is filled with water, and then the grouting pump and the hole sealing valve are closed.
The specific process of the step (4) is that an air injection valve on an air injection pipe and a switch valve on a nitrogen cylinder are opened; firstly, electrifying an electric heating wire to heat, heating the insulated heat conducting oil in the heat conducting pipe by the electric heating wire, radiating heat energy outwards through the heat conducting pipe after the insulated heat conducting oil is heated, starting the heat injection pump after 3-5 minutes, firstly, enabling nitrogen in the nitrogen bottle to enter a heating box, heating the nitrogen by the heat emitted by the heat conducting pipe in the process that the nitrogen passes through the heating box, heating the temperature of the nitrogen to 80 ℃, then, enabling the nitrogen to enter a gas injection pipe through a gas injection hose, and then, enabling the nitrogen to enter a heat injection hole through a gas injection pipe; under the heating action of high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen, the water bodies in the first bag, the second bag and between the two bags are heated and expanded, and the inner wall of the second extraction pipe is tightly sealed under the action of self expansion force.
And (4) the specific process of taking out the special hole packer in the step (6) is that the heat injection pump, the switch valve and the air injection valve are closed in sequence, the hole sealing valve is opened after 1h, the water body among the first bag, the second bag and the two bags automatically flows out, and the special hole packer is taken out.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
1) the coal body is heated by high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen, so that the effects of strengthening gas desorption, replacing and displacing the gas in the coal body are achieved, the gas extraction effect can be greatly improved, the effects of increasing permeability, promoting extraction, strengthening gas extraction and effectively solving the problem of disorder of extraction, excavation and extraction of a mine are achieved;
2) by utilizing the thermal expansion property of water, the water naturally expands under the heating action of high-temperature nitrogen to generate huge thermal stress, so that tight sealing of a drilled hole can be realized, the sealing effect is improved, and the coal body and underground water are not polluted; water is used as a hole sealing material, so that the manufacturing cost is low, and the economy is good;
3) high-temperature nitrogen is used as a heating medium, so that the coal body can be effectively heated, and the coal body in the drill hole can be prevented from being ignited; the method has the advantages that the 'water lock effect' is effectively solved while the safety is ensured, the gas extraction effect is ensured, and the defects of high attenuation speed, high energy consumption, high possibility of damage, incapability of recycling and the like of heating measures such as infrared and microwave can be overcome;
4) an electric heating wire (resistance wire) is adopted in the heating box for heating, and the electric heating wire is arranged in a sealing structure (heat conduction pipe) filled with insulating heat conduction oil, so that the nitrogen heating effect is ensured, and meanwhile, accidents such as gas explosion, coal dust explosion and the like caused by electric sparks are avoided;
5) the heat injection pump is arranged on the front side of the heating box, so that the heat injection pump is ensured to be in a low-temperature state, the service life of the heat injection pump is effectively prolonged, and a stable high-pressure air source can be provided;
6) hydraulic hole making is carried out on the extraction hole, the hydraulic hole making enables coal bodies in the area around the extraction hole to creep and relieve pressure, a low-pressure area is formed around the extraction hole under the extraction negative pressure action of an extraction system on the extraction hole, high-temperature nitrogen is injected into the heat injection hole, and a strong nitrogen gas partial pressure difference is formed between the heat injection hole and the extraction hole in a high-pressure area formed around the heat injection hole, so that the replacement and displacement effect of coal body gas is enhanced, the gas extraction effect is improved, the hydraulic hole making engineering quantity is greatly reduced, the 'extraction-excavation-extraction' balance of a mine is realized, and the safety of the mine is ensured;
7) the extraction pipe is a PVE pipe, the gas injection pipe is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the pipe has the characteristics of low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, static resistance, flame retardance, hydrophobicity, non-adhesiveness and the like, can be applied to the hole packer, and ensures the air tightness.
8) The special hole packer adopts the design of matching the double-bag with the one-way valve and the explosion valve, and can smoothly discharge water in the bag and between the two bags; the water body hole sealing section is arranged in the extraction pipe, and the inner wall of the extraction pipe is smooth and has small deformation; the measures ensure that the hole packer can be repeatedly used, and the material cost is reduced;
9. after the heat injection hole is finished in the heat injection process, the heat injection hole can be continuously used as a gas extraction hole, and the purpose of one hole for two purposes is achieved.
In conclusion, the invention has scientific principle, ingenious design, tight hole sealing, safety and reliability, is combined with hydraulic cavitation, greatly enhances the heat injection strengthening pumping promotion effect, can be widely applied to rock cross-cut coal uncovering, fault crossing, anti-reflection pumping promotion of a mining working face and other works, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a special hole packer in operation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the placement of the injection holes and extraction holes in the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the nitrogen gas heating apparatus in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, the coal seam hydraulic cave combining drilling heat injection permeability increase pumping promotion method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) operating a mechanical drilling machine to construct crossheading drill holes on a coal body 2 at a working face crossheading 1, wherein the drill holes are arranged in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent drill holes is 7-10m, and any two adjacent drill holes are named as a heat injection hole 3 and an extraction hole 4 respectively;
(2) hydraulic cave construction is carried out on all the extraction holes 4, conventional hole sealing with a two-plugging one-injection process is carried out after hydraulic cave construction is finished, and the length of a hole sealing section of each extraction hole 4 is not less than 8 m; after the hole sealing material is solidified, connecting a first extraction pipe in the extraction hole 4 with an extraction system 5 (an extraction pipeline) under the coal mine to extract gas;
(3) the special hole packer is sent to a preset depth in the second extraction pipe 6 in the heat injection hole 3, and hole sealing is carried out on the second extraction pipe 6;
(4) injecting high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen into the heat injection hole 3 through a special hole packer;
(5) high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen is used for injecting heat to the coal body 2 at high pressure, and the pressure of the nitrogen is not less than 2 MPa; the nitrogen is transported to the far position of the heat injection hole 3 under the action of high pressure, the coal body is continuously heated in the transportation process, the gas desorption of the coal body 2 is promoted, the coal body 2 is pyrolyzed, the pores of the coal body 2 are increased, the gas permeability of the coal body 2 is improved, and the gas extraction is strengthened; meanwhile, the adjacent extraction holes 4 are used for normally extracting gas all the time, so that the escaped gas of the heated coal body 2 is guaranteed to be pumped away in time, and the gas is prevented from hurting people;
(6) after injecting high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen into the heat injection hole 3 to heat the coal body 2 for 4 hours, stopping the heat injection strengthening pumping promotion work of the coal body 2, taking out the special hole packer from the second pumping pipe 6, and continuously reusing the special hole packer next time;
(7) and connecting the second extraction pipe 6 in the heat injection hole 3 with an extraction system 5 to perform gas extraction work, and further strengthening the gas extraction effect.
(8) And (3) detecting the gas concentrations of the first extraction pipe and the second extraction pipe 6 every day in the gas extraction process, separating the outer end of the second extraction pipe 6 from the extraction system 5 when the gas concentration in the first extraction pipe or the second extraction pipe 6 is detected to be lower than 10%, and repeating the steps (3) - (7).
The special hole packer comprises a nitrogen bottle 7, a heat injection pump 8, a grouting pump 9 and a nitrogen heating device 10, the nitrogen gas bottle 7 is arranged on a support 15 in an inverted mode, the gas injection pipe 13 and the hole sealing pipe 14 are parallel to a second extraction pipe 6, the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 are fixedly arranged on the gas injection pipe 13 along the same central line, the second bag 12 is located on the inner side of the first bag 11, the outlet end of the hole sealing pipe 14 penetrates through the first bag 11 and extends into the second bag 12, a through hole communicated with the interior of the first bag 11 is formed in the hole sealing pipe 14, a closed cavity 16 is formed between the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 in the second extraction pipe 6, a one-way valve 17 is arranged on the second bag 12, the inlet of the one-way valve 17 is communicated with the closed cavity 16, the outlet of the one-way valve 17 is located on the inner side of the second bag 12, and a blasting valve 18 is arranged on the hole sealing pipe 14 and between the first bag 11 and the second bag 12; the joints of the gas injection pipe 13, the hole sealing pipe 14 and the check valve 17 and the second bag 12 are all connected in a sealing way, and the joints of the gas injection pipe 13, the hole sealing pipe 14 and the first bag 11 are all connected in a sealing way;
the grouting pump 9 is connected with the outer end of the hole sealing pipe 14 through a grouting hose 19, the nitrogen cylinder 7 is connected with the outer end of the gas injection pipe 13 through a gas injection hose 20, and the heat injection pump 8 and the nitrogen heating device 10 are both arranged on the gas injection hose 20.
An air injection valve 21 is arranged at the outer end part of the air injection pipe 13, a hole sealing valve 22 is arranged at the outer end part of the hole sealing pipe 14, and a switch valve 23 is arranged at the bottle mouth part of the nitrogen gas bottle 7.
Nitrogen gas heating device 10 is including being the heating cabinet 29 of cuboid structure, be equipped with air inlet and the gas outlet of being connected with gas injection hose 20 respectively on two relative sides around heating cabinet 29, be equipped with three-dimensional cylinder mould structure in the heating cabinet 29, the left side tank wall and the right side tank wall of heating cabinet 29 are equipped with the solid fixed ring 50 that is used for fixed three-dimensional cage structure respectively, three-dimensional cylinder mould structure is formed by the heat pipe 24 fixed connection of a plurality of criss-cross arrangements, be equipped with electric heating wire 25 and insulating conduction oil 26 in the heat pipe 24, the top and the below of the inherent three-dimensional cylinder mould structure of heating cabinet 29 are equipped with terminal 27 and lower terminal 28 respectively, the upper end and the lower extreme of all electric heating wire 25 all are connected with wire 31, wire 31 of upper portion and lower part are connected with terminal 27 and lower terminal 28 respectively, upper terminal 27 and lower terminal 28 are connected with the power.
The wall of the heating box 29 is of a three-layer structure, the outermost layer and the innermost layer are respectively formed by welding steel plates, and the middle interlayer is filled with glass fiber heat-insulating materials 30 (the glass fiber heat-insulating material has good heat-insulating performance, ensures that heat is not dissipated outwards, and improves heat exchange efficiency).
The specific process of the step (3) is that the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 are fixed on the air injection pipe 13, and the distance between the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 is not less than 4 m; connecting the hole sealing pipe 14 with a grouting hose 19 and a grouting pump 9, opening a hole sealing valve 22, pumping clear water by the grouting pump 9 to inject water into the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 through the grouting hose 19 and the hole sealing pipe 14, wherein the water injection pressure is not less than 2MPa, so that the outer edges of the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 are fully contacted with the inner wall of the second extraction pipe 6, and the purpose of sealing the second extraction pipe 6 is achieved; continuously increasing the water injection pressure of the grouting pump 9, so that a blast valve 18 between the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 on the hole sealing pipe 14 is opened, and clean water flows into a closed cavity 16 formed between the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 in the second extraction pipe 6; the opening pressure of the one-way valve 17 on the second bag 12 is 2MPa, when the pressure in the closed cavity 16 is greater than 2MPa, the one-way valve 17 on the second bag 12 is opened towards the inner side of the heat injection hole 3, air in the closed cavity 16 is discharged, clean water is enabled to continuously flow into the closed cavity 16 until the closed cavity 16 is filled with water (according to the volumes of the first bag 11, the second bag 12 and the closed cavity 16 and in combination with the water injection speed of the grouting pump 9, the time required for filling water can be calculated, in order to ensure that the closed cavity 16 is filled with water, the time required for filling water can be prolonged by 1-2 minutes after the calculated time), and then the grouting pump 9 and the hole sealing valve 22 are closed.
The specific process of the step (4) is that the gas injection valve 21 on the gas injection pipe 13 and the switch valve 23 on the nitrogen cylinder 7 are opened; firstly, electrifying an electric heating wire 25 to heat, heating the insulating heat conduction oil 26 in a heat conduction pipe 24 by the electric heating wire 25, radiating heat energy outwards through the heat conduction pipe 24 after the insulating heat conduction oil 26 is heated, starting the heat injection pump 8 after 3-5 minutes, firstly enabling nitrogen in a nitrogen bottle 7 to enter a heating box 29, heating the nitrogen by heat emitted by the heat conduction pipe 24 in the process that the nitrogen passes through the heating box 29, heating the temperature of the nitrogen to 80 ℃, then enabling the nitrogen to enter a gas injection pipe 13 through a gas injection hose 20, and then enabling the nitrogen to enter a heat injection hole 3 through a gas injection pipe 13; under the heating action of high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen, the water bodies in the first bag 11 and the second bag 12 and between the two bags expand under the heating action, and the inner wall of the second extraction pipe 6 is tightly sealed under the action of self expansion force.
The specific process of taking out the special hole packer in the step (6) is that the heat injection pump 8, the switch valve 23 and the gas injection valve 21 are closed in sequence, the hole sealing valve 22 is opened after 1h, the first bag 11, the second bag 12 and the water body between the two bags automatically flow out, and the special hole packer is taken out.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The coal seam hydraulic cave-making combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) operating a mechanical drilling machine to construct crossheading drill holes to the coal body on the working face crossheading, wherein the drill holes are arranged in parallel, the distance between every two adjacent drill holes is 7-10m, and any two adjacent drill holes are named as a heat injection hole and an extraction hole respectively;
(2) performing hydraulic cave making operation on all the extraction holes, and sealing the drill holes by adopting a conventional two-plugging one-injection process after the hydraulic cave making operation is finished, wherein the length of the sealed hole sections of the extraction holes is not less than 8 m; after the hole sealing material is solidified, connecting a first extraction pipe in an extraction hole with an underground extraction system of a coal mine to extract gas;
(3) conveying the special hole packer into a second extraction pipe in the heat injection hole to a preset depth, and sealing the second extraction pipe;
(4) injecting high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen into the hot hole through a special hole packer;
(5) high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen is used for injecting heat to the coal body at high pressure, and the pressure of the nitrogen is not less than 2 MPa; the nitrogen is transported to the far position of the heat injection hole under the action of high pressure, the coal body is continuously heated in the transportation process, the gas desorption of the coal body is promoted, the coal body is pyrolyzed, the pores of the coal body are increased, the gas permeability of the coal body is improved, and the gas extraction is strengthened; meanwhile, the adjacent extraction holes are used for normally extracting gas all the time, so that the escaped gas of the heated coal body is ensured to be timely extracted, and the gas is prevented from hurting people;
(6) after injecting high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen into the heat injection hole to heat the coal body for 4 hours, stopping the heat injection strengthening pumping promotion work of the coal body, taking out the special hole packer from the second pumping pipe, and continuously reusing the special hole packer next time;
(7) connecting the second extraction pipe in the heat injection hole with an extraction system to perform gas extraction work so as to further enhance the gas extraction effect;
(8) and (3) detecting the gas concentrations of the first extraction pipe and the second extraction pipe every day in the gas extraction process, separating the outer end of the second extraction pipe from the extraction system when detecting that the gas concentration in the first extraction pipe or the second extraction pipe is lower than 10%, and repeating the steps (3) - (7).
2. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the special hole packer comprises a nitrogen bottle, a heat injection pump, a grouting pump, a nitrogen heating device, a first bag, a second bag, a gas injection pipe and a hole sealing pipe, wherein the nitrogen bottle is arranged on a support in an inverted mode, the gas injection pipe and the hole sealing pipe are parallel to a second extraction pipe, the first bag and the second bag are fixedly arranged on the gas injection pipe along the same central line, the second bag is positioned on the inner side of the first bag, the outlet end of the hole sealing pipe penetrates through the first bag to extend into the second bag, a through hole communicated with the interior of the first bag is formed in the hole sealing pipe, a closed cavity is formed between the first bag and the second bag in the second extraction pipe, a one-way valve is arranged on the second bag, the inlet of the one-way valve is communicated with the closed cavity, the outlet of the one-way valve is positioned on the inner side of the second bag, and an explosion valve is arranged between the first bag and; the joints of the gas injection pipe, the hole sealing pipe and the check valve and the second bag are all connected in a sealing way, and the joints of the gas injection pipe and the hole sealing pipe and the first bag are all connected in a sealing way;
the grouting pump is connected with the outer end of the hole sealing pipe through a grouting hose, the nitrogen bottle is connected with the outer end of the gas injection pipe through a gas injection hose, and the heat injection pump and the nitrogen heating device are both arranged on the gas injection hose.
3. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the outer end part of the gas injection pipe is provided with a gas injection valve, the outer end part of the hole sealing pipe is provided with a hole sealing valve, and the bottle mouth of the nitrogen cylinder is provided with a switch valve.
4. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: the nitrogen heating device comprises a heating box with a cuboid structure, an air inlet and an air outlet which are connected with a gas injection hose are respectively arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the heating box, a three-dimensional net cage structure is arranged in the heating box, the left side box wall and the right side box wall of the heating box are respectively provided with a fixing ring for fixing the three-dimensional cage structure, the three-dimensional net cage structure is formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of heat pipes which are arranged in a criss-cross mode, electric heating wires and insulating heat conduction oil are arranged in the heat pipes, an upper wiring column and a lower wiring column are respectively arranged above and below the three-dimensional net cage structure in the heating box, the upper end and the lower end of each electric heating wire are respectively connected with the upper wiring column and the lower wiring column, and the upper wiring column and the lower wiring column are respectively.
5. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the wall of the heating box is of a three-layer structure, the outermost layer and the innermost layer are respectively formed by welding steel plates, and the middle interlayer is filled with glass fiber heat-insulating materials.
6. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 5, characterized in that: fixing the first bag and the second bag on an air injection pipe, wherein the distance between the first bag and the second bag is not less than 4 m; connecting the hole sealing pipe with a grouting hose and a grouting pump, opening a hole sealing valve, pumping clear water by the grouting pump to inject water into the first bag and the second bag through the grouting hose and the hole sealing pipe, wherein the water injection pressure is not less than 2MPa, so that the outer edges of the first bag and the second bag are fully contacted with the inner wall of the second extraction pipe, and the purpose of sealing the second extraction pipe is achieved; continuously increasing the water injection pressure of the grouting pump, opening a blast valve between the first bag and the second bag on the hole sealing pipe, and allowing clear water to flow into a closed cavity formed between the first bag and the second bag in the second extraction pipe; the opening pressure of the one-way valve on the second bag is 2MPa, when the pressure in the closed cavity is greater than 2MPa, the one-way valve on the second bag is opened towards the inner side of the heat injection hole, air in the closed cavity is discharged, clean water continuously flows into the closed cavity until the closed cavity is filled with water, and then the grouting pump and the hole sealing valve are closed.
7. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the specific process of the step (4) is that an air injection valve on an air injection pipe and a switch valve on a nitrogen cylinder are opened; firstly, electrifying an electric heating wire to heat, heating the insulated heat conducting oil in the heat conducting pipe by the electric heating wire, radiating heat energy outwards through the heat conducting pipe after the insulated heat conducting oil is heated, starting the heat injection pump after 3-5 minutes, firstly, enabling nitrogen in the nitrogen bottle to enter a heating box, heating the nitrogen by the heat emitted by the heat conducting pipe in the process that the nitrogen passes through the heating box, heating the temperature of the nitrogen to 80 ℃, then, enabling the nitrogen to enter a gas injection pipe through a gas injection hose, and then, enabling the nitrogen to enter a heat injection hole through a gas injection pipe; under the heating action of high-temperature and high-pressure nitrogen, the water bodies in the first bag, the second bag and between the two bags are heated and expanded, and the inner wall of the second extraction pipe is tightly sealed under the action of self expansion force.
8. The coal seam hydraulic cave combined drilling heat injection permeability-increasing pumping-promoting method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: and (4) the specific process of taking out the special hole packer in the step (6) is that the heat injection pump, the switch valve and the air injection valve are closed in sequence, the hole sealing valve is opened after 1h, the water body among the first bag, the second bag and the two bags automatically flows out, and the special hole packer is taken out.
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