CN114810197B - Gas permeability increasing method for coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action - Google Patents
Gas permeability increasing method for coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 159
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2605—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using gas or liquefied gas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gas permeability increasing method with a coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action, which relates to the technical field of coal seam gas extraction control, wherein a horizontal seam cutting face is pre-cut on a coal seam close to the bottom of the coal seam by utilizing a protective layer mining principle and a hydraulic seam cutting technology, and a coal seam pressure relief moving space is artificially pre-created; liquid nitrogen cold impact cracking is carried out in the direction parallel to the joint cutting direction at the middle upper part of the coal seam to provide dynamic load, structural damage is carried out on the coal seam by utilizing frost heaving force and gasification expansive force to generate expansion deformation, a migration free surface compensation space is reserved at the bottom, the coal body moves down integrally, dynamic and static combination acts as a gas migration expansion crack channel, and finally the integral cracking effect of the coal body is achieved. According to the invention, the liquid nitrogen fracturing technology and the hydraulic slotting technology are combined for use, so that the coal seam fracture initiation pressure is reduced, fracture expansion and extension are realized, and the gas extraction efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal seam gas extraction control, in particular to a gas permeability increasing method with a coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action.
Background
In order to improve the air permeability of the coal bed, students at home and abroad propose a plurality of technical means, which mainly comprise intensive drilling, cross drilling, coal bed water injection, hydraulic loosening, hydraulic fracturing, hydraulic cutting, water jet reaming, hydraulic punching, high-energy gas fracturing, deep hole loosening blasting and the like. However, coal and gas occurrence in China is complicated and changeable, and coal mine roadway arrangement forms are various.
The existing coal bed permeability increasing technology has a single form. Blasting and cracking; the coal seam is diffused to the periphery by taking the hole as the center to crack, the inherent stress of the coal body is ignored, particularly, a protective layer mining principle is not used in the coal roadway, a horizontal space is not created and utilized to serve as a movement compensation space of the coal body in a larger range, the expansion of cracks in the coal seam is small, and the gas extraction effect is poor. Hydraulic technical aspects; due to the high adsorption capacity of the coal bed, the coal bed pore blockage and matrix expansion can be caused after the fracturing fluid is adsorbed, so that the fracture porosity and permeability are reduced, the fracture front edge is easy to be aggregated to block the fracture front edge, the fracture direction is changed, a resistance barrier is formed on the fracture front edge, and the smoothness of a gas production channel and the gas production rate are influenced. Therefore, the existing coal seam permeability increasing technology still has more problems in practical engineering application, and the permeability increasing effect of the coal seam is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gas permeability increasing method with a coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the invention provides a gas permeability increasing method with a coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a high gas occurrence area; according to coal mine geological survey, a geophysical prospecting technology is combined to avoid coal bed areas with complex geology, the detection of coal bed gas occurrence conditions of a working face needing to be tunneled is completed, and then the range of the high gas occurrence areas is determined;
step two, constructing a coal seam pressure relief moving space; horizontally cutting the coal bed by using a horizontal joint cutting technology at a position close to the bottom plate of the coal bed, wherein the formed horizontal joint cutting space is used as a pressure relief moving space of the coal bed;
step three, arranging liquid nitrogen conveying holes; adopting a parallel punching method to construct continuous transverse holes in the low-permeability coal seam from the middle upper part of the coal seam;
step four, liquid nitrogen cold shock; after sealing the hole opening of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, injecting high-pressure liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole by using a cold circulation impact device, and standing for 2-3 hours;
and step five, gas extraction.
Preferably, in the second step, the ratio of the distance between the coal seam pressure relief moving space and the coal seam floor to the height of the coal seam is 0.15-0.25, and the ratio of the height of the coal seam pressure relief moving space to the height of the coal seam is 0.03-0.1: 1, the ratio of the horizontal width of the compensation space to the horizontal width of the coal roadway is 0.7-0.9.
Preferably, in the third step, the ratio of the distance from the liquid nitrogen conveying hole to the coal seam roof to the coal seam height is 0.1-0.3, and the distance between two adjacent liquid nitrogen conveying holes is 0.4-0.8 m.
Preferably, in the third step, after the construction of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole is completed, water vapor is injected into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, and the amount of the injected water vapor is controlled to be 0.6-0.8L/min.
Preferably, in the third step, the steam injected into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole is high-pressure steam with the temperature of 120-150 ℃, and the steam injection is stopped when the temperature of the coal seam around the liquid nitrogen conveying hole reaches 120 ℃ after detection.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the hole sealing mode is to use a hole sealing device to seal the liquid nitrogen conveying hole.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the volume of the high-pressure liquid nitrogen injected into the liquid nitrogen delivery hole accounts for 60% -85% of the total volume of the liquid nitrogen delivery hole.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the cold circulation impact device comprises a liquid nitrogen tank, a conveying pipeline, a pulse pump and a vent valve, the vent valve is installed on the conveying pipeline between the liquid nitrogen tank and the pulse pump, and the conveying pipeline at the outlet end of the pulse pump is fixed in the liquid nitrogen conveying hole through a hole packer.
Preferably, in the fifth step, a plurality of gas extraction holes are drilled at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, the pressure-relief moving space of the coal seam, the liquid nitrogen conveying hole and the gas extraction holes are sealed by adopting a high-pressure grouting method, gas extraction pipes are respectively arranged, and the desorbed gas is extracted by using a gas extraction device; and after the designed extraction time is reached, the extraction effect is checked.
The invention discloses the following technical effects: according to the invention, a horizontal seam cutting surface is pre-cut on a coal seam close to the bottom of the coal seam by utilizing a protective layer mining principle and a hydraulic seam cutting technology, and a coal seam pressure relief moving space is artificially pre-built; liquid nitrogen cold impact cracking is carried out in the direction parallel to the joint cutting direction at the middle upper part of the coal seam to provide dynamic load, structural damage is carried out on the coal seam by utilizing frost heaving force and gasification expansive force to generate expansion deformation, a migration free surface compensation space is reserved at the bottom, the coal body moves down integrally, dynamic and static combination acts as a gas migration expansion crack channel, and finally the integral cracking effect of the coal body is achieved. According to the invention, the liquid nitrogen fracturing technology and the hydraulic slotting technology are combined for use, so that the coal seam fracture initiation pressure is reduced, fracture expansion and extension are realized, and the gas extraction efficiency is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention illustrating the drilling and hole distribution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the liquid nitrogen injection of coal bodies according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the liquid nitrogen cold shock cracking mechanism of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The invention provides a gas permeability increasing method with a coal roadway driving face dynamic and static combined action, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a high gas occurrence area; according to coal mine geological survey, combining a geophysical prospecting technology to avoid a coal seam region with complex geology, completing the detection of the occurrence condition of coal seam gas on a working face to be tunneled, and further determining the range of a high gas occurrence region;
step two, constructing a coal seam pressure relief moving space; a horizontal joint cutting technology is utilized near a coal seam floor, a 60-80MPa super-pressure pump is selected to horizontally scour and cut coal seams on two sides of a spray head through a self-advancing rotary water jet drill bit, a horizontal joint groove space with a certain width and depth is formed, and the formed horizontal joint groove space is used as a coal seam pressure relief moving space. The influence radius of hydraulic slotting pressure relief can reach 2.0-2.5 m, which is 2 times of the influence radius of ordinary drilling pressure relief, and the permeability can be improved by 5 times. The ratio of the distance between the coal seam pressure relief moving space and the coal seam floor to the coal seam height is 0.15-0.25, and the ratio of the coal seam pressure relief moving space height to the coal seam height is 0.03-0.1: 1, the ratio of the horizontal width of the compensation space to the horizontal width of the coal roadway is 0.7-0.9;
step three, arranging liquid nitrogen conveying holes; adopting a parallel punching method to construct continuous transverse holes in the coal seam with low air permeability from the middle upper part of the coal seam; the ratio of the distance between the liquid nitrogen conveying holes and the coal seam roof to the coal seam height is 0.1-0.3, and the distance between two adjacent liquid nitrogen conveying holes is 0.4-0.8 m;
step four, liquid nitrogen cold impact; after sealing the hole opening of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, injecting high-pressure liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole by using a cold circulation impact device, wherein the volume of the injected high-pressure liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen conveying hole accounts for 60-85% of the total volume of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, and standing for 2-3 h; the hole sealing mode is that a hole sealing device is adopted to seal a liquid nitrogen conveying hole, the cold circulation impact device comprises a liquid nitrogen tank, a conveying pipeline, a pulse pump and a vent valve, the vent valve is installed on the conveying pipeline between the liquid nitrogen tank and the pulse pump, and the conveying pipeline at the outlet end of the pulse pump is fixed in the liquid nitrogen conveying hole through the hole sealing device;
in the process, the water-containing coal body is frozen and spalled under the action of liquid nitrogen, meanwhile, the liquid nitrogen is gasified to generate nitrogen, and the gas fracturing is continuously carried out on the coal body, so that the process of impacting and cold fracturing the coal body is completed. The coal body pore crack water is rapidly frozen in the process of liquid nitrogen heat absorption vaporization, and 9% volume expansion and the frost heaving force of 207Mpa are generated in the process of water ice phase change. The high-pressure gasification expansion force and the frost heaving force generate expansion deformation on the coal body, provide power load for desorption gas and promote the coal body to move downwards. The middle upper part of the coal body provides power load through liquid nitrogen cold impact, a channel crack is formed under the action of destructive energy, an in-layer horizontal space is formed in advance by utilizing a horizontal cutting seam, due to the pressure difference in the coal body, the coal body is loosened under the dual actions of ground stress and dynamic load, the coal body expands and deforms, and moves oppositely between a top plate and a bottom plate, the desorbed gas is pressed by power to accelerate desorption and migration, so that a gas migration compensation space is formed, and the coal body layer crack effect is achieved.
Step five, gas extraction; drilling a plurality of gas extraction holes at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, sealing the pressure-relief moving space of the coal seam, the liquid nitrogen conveying hole and the gas extraction holes by adopting a high-pressure grouting method, respectively arranging gas extraction pipes, and extracting desorbed gas by using a gas extraction device; and after the designed extraction time is reached, the extraction effect is checked.
Further, in the third step, after the construction of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole is finished, water vapor is injected into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, and the amount of the injected water vapor is controlled to be 0.6-0.8L/min; and (3) injecting water vapor into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, wherein the water vapor is high-pressure water vapor at 120-150 ℃, and stopping injecting the water vapor when the temperature of the coal bed around the liquid nitrogen conveying hole reaches 120 ℃ under the condition of detection. By injecting water vapor into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, the water vapor can enter the tiny cracks on the hole wall of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole and is condensed into liquid water, and the tiny cracks can be effectively widened due to volume expansion generated in the phase change process of water ice under the action of liquid nitrogen; moreover, after the coal body is heated by utilizing the vapor, the liquid nitrogen is injected rapidly, on one hand, the coal body can help to form a channel crack in the coal body in the short-term expansion and contraction process, and when the liquid nitrogen meets the coal body with higher temperature, the liquid nitrogen is rapidly gasified into the nitrogen gas, so that the pressure in a liquid nitrogen conveying hole is rapidly increased in the process, the explosion effect can be achieved, and the process is safer.
According to the method, a horizontal kerf surface is pre-cut on a coal seam close to the bottom of the coal seam by utilizing a protective layer mining principle and a hydraulic kerf technology, and a static horizontal groove surface is artificially pre-manufactured; the dynamic and static combination is cooperatively acted on a coal roadway tunneling working face, liquid nitrogen cold impact cracking is carried out in the direction parallel to a joint cutting direction at the middle upper part of a coal seam to provide dynamic load, structural damage is carried out on coal bodies around a hole wall by utilizing frost heaving force and gasification expansion force to generate expansion deformation, the coal bodies are disorderly cracked under the action of damage stress, gas is rapidly desorbed, a migration free face compensation space is reserved at the bottom of the coal bodies, the coal bodies move down integrally to promote the deformation of the coal bodies to exceed the inspection requirement that the maximum expansion deformation of a protective layer during mining is more than 3/1000, the dynamic and static combination is used for gas migration expansion crack channels, and finally the integral cracking effect of the coal bodies is achieved. According to the invention, the liquid nitrogen fracturing technology and the hydraulic slotting technology are combined for use, so that the coal seam fracture initiation pressure is reduced, fracture expansion and extension are realized, and the gas extraction efficiency is improved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A gas permeability increasing method under the action of dynamic and static combination of a coal roadway driving face is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, determining a high gas occurrence area; according to coal mine geological survey, a geophysical prospecting technology is combined to avoid coal bed areas with complex geology, the detection of coal bed gas occurrence conditions of a working face needing to be tunneled is completed, and then the range of the high gas occurrence areas is determined;
step two, constructing a coal seam pressure relief moving space; horizontally cutting the coal seam by using a horizontal joint cutting technology at a position close to the bottom plate of the coal seam, wherein the formed horizontal slot opening space is used as a pressure relief moving space of the coal seam;
step three, arranging liquid nitrogen conveying holes; adopting a parallel punching method to construct continuous transverse holes in the coal seam with low air permeability from the middle upper part of the coal seam;
step four, liquid nitrogen cold impact; after sealing the hole opening of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, injecting high-pressure liquid nitrogen into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole by using a cold circulation impact device, and standing for 2-3 hours;
and fifthly, gas extraction.
2. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face dynamic-static combined action according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the ratio of the distance between the coal seam pressure relief moving space and the coal seam floor to the coal seam height is 0.15-0.25, the ratio of the coal seam pressure relief moving space height to the coal seam height is 0.03-0.1: 1, the ratio of the horizontal width of the compensation space to the horizontal width of the coal roadway is 0.7-0.9.
3. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face dynamic-static combined action according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the ratio of the distance from the liquid nitrogen conveying hole to the coal seam roof to the coal seam height is 0.1-0.3.
4. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face dynamic-static combined action according to claim 3, characterized in that in the third step, after the construction of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole is completed, steam is injected into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, and the amount of the injected steam is controlled to be 0.6-0.8L/min.
5. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face dynamic-static combined action according to claim 4, characterized in that in the third step, the steam injected into the liquid nitrogen conveying hole is high-pressure steam with the temperature of 120-150 ℃, and the steam injection is stopped when the temperature of the coal seam around the liquid nitrogen conveying hole reaches 120 ℃.
6. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face dynamic-static combined action according to claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the hole sealing mode is to use a hole sealing machine to seal the liquid nitrogen conveying hole.
7. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face dynamic-static combined action according to claim 6, wherein in the fourth step, the volume of high-pressure liquid nitrogen injected into the liquid nitrogen conveying holes accounts for 60-85% of the total volume of the liquid nitrogen conveying holes.
8. The method for increasing the gas permeability of the coal roadway heading face under the action of the combination of static and dynamic gas components according to claim 7, wherein in the fourth step, the cold circulation impact device comprises a liquid nitrogen tank, a conveying pipeline, a pulse pump and a vent valve, the vent valve is installed on the conveying pipeline between the liquid nitrogen tank and the pulse pump, and the conveying pipeline at the outlet end of the pulse pump is fixed in a liquid nitrogen conveying hole through a hole packer.
9. The gas permeability increasing method of the coal roadway heading face with the combined action of moving and static electricity according to claim 1, characterized in that in the fifth step, a plurality of gas extraction holes are drilled at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the liquid nitrogen conveying hole, the pressure relief moving space of the coal seam, the liquid nitrogen conveying hole and the gas extraction holes are sealed by a high-pressure grouting method, gas extraction pipes are respectively arranged, and the desorbed gas is extracted by a gas extraction device; and after the designed extraction time is reached, the extraction effect is checked.
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