CN105064967A - Coal seam gas fracturing and mash gas driving method - Google Patents
Coal seam gas fracturing and mash gas driving method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coal seam gas fracturing and mash gas driving method, which comprises two stages including a hole sealing fracturing stage and a mash gas driving stage. According to the method, firstly, hole drilling construction is performed in a coal seam; then, a high-pressure rubber pipe is embedded in a drilling hole, and hole sealing is performed; any one drilling hole is selected as a fracturing drilling hole; high-pressure gas is injected into the fracturing drilling hole; the coal seam is fractured through gas pressure energy; the gas permeability of the coal seam is improved; and other drilling holes around the fracturing drilling hole are subjected to mash gas extraction when the high-pressure gas is injected into the fracturing drilling hole. Under the condition of non-ideal gas fracturing effects caused by high coal hardness or great ground stress and the like, high-pressure water can be firstly used for fracturing, and then, high-pressure gas is introduced into the hole; and meanwhile, the drilling holes around the fracturing drilling hole are subjected to mash gas extraction. The method has the advantages that the adsorption performance differences of coal bodies on the mash gas and the fracturing gas are considered; the gas fracturing effect is combined with the mash gas driving effect; the mash gas extraction efficiency can be effectively improved; the number of mash gas extraction holes is reduced; and the inhibiting effect of water on mash gas deabsorption is reduced. The method is simple; safety and reliability are realized; and the effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gas pressure-cracking method, be especially a kind ofly applicable to that coal seam is anti-reflection, method that the coal seam gas pressure break that improves gas pumping rate and gas are driven.
Background technology
Gas pressure break is less compared with the gas permeability impact of fracturing on coal seam, also less to the gas adsorption desorb effects in coal seam.Research coal seam gas fracturing technique, for increasing the gas permeability in coal seam, improving the gas pumping efficiency in coal seam, providing a kind of new thinking.Single projecting coal bed in, improve the gas permeability in coal seam, improve the key that gas pumping efficiency is single projecting coal bed exploitation.The method of raising single coal bed gas permeability conventional is at present: fracturing and hydraulic slotted liner technique, although two kinds of methods all have the effect in anti-reflection coal seam, but all inevitably there is the impact that the desorb of water on gas causes, in crack, mesopore, coal seam, remaining moisture is easily formed " water-blocking effect " simultaneously, the migration pathway of blocking gas, is unfavorable for the extraction of gas.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the object of the invention is the weak point overcome in prior art, the method that the coal seam gas pressure break providing a kind of method simple, safe and reliable, effective and gas are driven.
Technical scheme: the method that coal seam gas pressure break of the present invention and gas are driven, the method comprises sealing of hole pressure break and gas drives two stages, and step is as follows:
A. according to coal geology information parameter, the spacing of wells is determined, the boring of one group of horizontal distribution of constructing in the coal seam of pre-exploitation, the quantity of boring is according to pressure break range set, have 3 at least, plug-in mounting high-pressure rubber pipe in the boring of having constructed, then carry out sealing of hole with sealing material;
B. after sealing of hole completes, any one boring is selected to hole as pressure break, high-pressure rubber pipe in pressure break being holed is connected with high-pressure pump, in pipeline, access valve, gas pressure sensor and gas flow sensor successively simultaneously, in pressure break boring, gases at high pressure are injected by high-pressure pump, the pressure energy entering the gases at high pressure in this boring destroys the globality in coal seam, the hole crack in conducting coal seam itself, does not affect the adsorption desorption effect of coal seam to gas while increasing gas permeability of coal seam;
C. be connected with other high-pressure rubber pipes of holing that the pressure break injecting gases at high pressure is holed adjacent with methane gas extraction pipeline;
D. because the gas in coal seam is moved to the position that pore pressure is low by the position that pore pressure is high, the pressure break boring of injecting gases at high pressure can form higher pore pressure around, other adjacent with it borings then form lower pore pressure around, pore pressure grad is defined between higher pore pressure and lower pore pressure, i.e. methane pressure gradient, now enter air pressure and drive the gas stage, gas drainage system starts the gas in the adjacent boring of extraction, this air pressure needed for phase gas pressure break hole is little compared with the pressure break stage, the pressure of gas injection in pressure break boring can be reduced,
E. when gas extraction concentration detector showing extraction concentration and being reduced to below setting value, the gas completing a pressure break boring is driven, next one boring is injected gases at high pressure capable pressure breaks as pressure break boring, pressure break boring is before become drainage holes simultaneously and be connected into extraction pipeline and carry out gas pumping;
F. repeat step e many times, until each boring of one group of horizontal distribution is injected high pressure gas fracturing mistake as pressure break boring, and while pressure break, gas pumping is carried out to other adjacent borings.
Utilize underground pressure air system drive air motor as the power source of high-pressure pump, or utilize fire-proof motor as the power source of high-pressure pump.
Multiple stage high-pressure pump in parallel can be needed, to realize the object that huge discharge hyperbar carries out pressure break fast according to scene.
The described pressure break time of injecting gases at high pressure in boring is determined according to the spacing of wells, seam hardness, developmental joint fissure situation and the detection air pressure of fracturing process and the parametric synthesis of flow; Air pressure is driven gas stage required time and is determined according to the variation ofgas density situation of extraction system.
If when seam hardness is large or geostatic stress is large, first conventional water under high pressure fracturing is implemented to pressure break boring, and then in pressure break boring, inject gases at high pressure carry out fracturing.
The air-source that described gases at high pressure provide for underground pressure air system, or for easily by nitrogen, CO that coal seam is adsorbed
2gas.
Beneficial effect: the method that the present invention adopts gas pressure break and gas to drive, can effectively to avoid in the measure of the waterpower such as fracturing and hydraulic slotted liner technique water on the impact in coal seam, gas pressure break can pressure break coal seam, improve the gas permeability in coal seam, can not be formed " water-blocking effect " again, the passage of blocking gas migration, also can not affect the adsorption-desorption of gas.Meanwhile, adopt gas pressure break and perimeter hole extraction, the organic cooperation on space-time, the pattern of " takes out a pressure " can improve the pore pressure grad in coal seam, improves extraction efficiency.Gas pressure break can not affect the adsorption desorption effect of coal to gas, it also avoid in other anti-reflection measure and remains in moisture in coal seam to the ponding of gas migration passage.Gas pressure break and gas pumping can effectively improve gas pumping efficiency cooperatively interacting of Time and place simultaneously.Especially single projecting coal bed in, the implementation result of this method is more obvious.The transformation to Coal-body Structure can be realized, improve the gas permeability of coal and rock, for the coal seam that gas permeability is high, pressure-air drives a large amount of free gas of free state from the crack, hole in coal seam, makes the free gas in coal seam by perimeter hole extraction out, has both reduced the gas pressure in coal seam, reduce outburst hazard, gas in the hole of coal seam is replaced by air, greatly reduces again the peak value of Gas during digging coal breakage, effectively prevent digging space gas exceeding limit.Meanwhile, coal seam produces structural deterioration under the effect of pressure-air, can reduce coal seam elasticity, increases coal seam plasticity, changes the stress state in coal seam, reaches the effect of release and firedamp drainage, thus play protrusion-dispelling effect.This method is conducive to the extraction of coal-bed gas; Excellent to effect such as control coal and gas prominent, cbm development etc., its method is simple, and easy construction is safe and reliable, effective, has practicality widely.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that coal seam gas pressure break of the present invention and gas method of driveing arrange schematic diagram;
In figure: 1-coal seam, 2-holes, 3-high-pressure rubber pipe, 4-sealing material, 5-high-pressure pump, 6-valve, 7-gas pressure sensor, 8-gas flow sensor, 9-underground pressure air pipeline, 10-gas pressure sensor, 11-methane gas extraction pipeline.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, one embodiment of the present of invention are further described:
Embodiment one: the method that coal seam gas pressure break of the present invention and gas are driven, comprises sealing of hole pressure break and gas drives two stages, as certain pit coal layer on average thick about 2.51m, buried depth about 800m, this ocurrence of coal seam is stablized, and structure is simple, seam inclination is about 0 ° ~ 6 °, average 4 °.Tax is stored in group middle and lower part, Shanxi, lower distance Taiyuan group top limestone is about 50m, seat earth sandstone 36.6m, upper apart from K
4aluminium matter mud stone 51.51m, top board is Sandy Silt or sandstone, and base plate is Sandy Silt and siltstone, and coal seam is more stable.Gas bearing capacity is about 11.15m
3/ t, gas pumping radius is 5m, and Permeability Coefficent in Coal Seam is 0.0861m
3/ (MPa
2.d).Coal seam Failure type belongs to III ~ IV class coal, relative gas pressure 1.12 ~ 1.7MPa, and solid coefficient is 0.22 ~ 0.4059, and the gas diffusion initial speed in coal seam is 12.957 ~ 14.000, and coal seam gas-bearing capacity is 6.15 ~ 17.59m
3/ t, this coal seam is coal and gas prominent coal seam, and coal dust does not have explosion hazard.The method adopting coal seam gas pressure break and gas to drive carry out this coal bed gas extraction, and concrete steps are as follows:
A. according to coal geology information parameter, determine the spacing of wells, the boring 2 of one group of horizontal distribution of constructing in the coal seam 1 of pre-exploitation, 2 diameters of holing are 89mm, drilling depth is 90m, spacing of wells 5m, and the quantity of boring 2 is according to pressure break range set, have 3 at least, drive radius according to coal-bed gas and determine.Plug-in mounting high-pressure rubber pipe 3 in the boring 2 of having constructed, the length of high-pressure rubber pipe 3 is 25m, then carry out sealing of hole with the sealing material 4 of cement-roll or cement mortar to the gap between boring 2 and high-pressure rubber pipe 3, hole sealing depth is 20m, and the length of high-pressure rubber pipe 3 should be greater than the length of sealing of hole section;
B. after sealing of hole completes, any one boring 2 is selected to hole as pressure break, high-pressure rubber pipe in pressure break being holed is connected with high-pressure pump 5, in pipeline, access valve 6, gas pressure sensor 7 and gas flow sensor 8 successively simultaneously, utilize underground pressure air system drive air motor as the power source of high-pressure pump 5, or utilize fire-proof motor as the power source of high-pressure pump 5; Multiple stage high-pressure pump 5 can be started according to requirement of engineering, in parallel between high-pressure pump 5, to reach the object of the quick pressure break of huge discharge hyperbar.In pressure break boring, gases at high pressure are injected by high-pressure pump 5, the pressure energy entering the gases at high pressure in this boring 2 destroys the globality in coal seam, the hole crack in conducting coal seam itself, does not affect the adsorption desorption effect of coal seam to gas while increasing coal seam 1 gas permeability; The described pressure break time of injecting gases at high pressure in boring 2 is determined according to the spacing of wells, seam hardness, developmental joint fissure situation and the detection air pressure of fracturing process and the parametric synthesis of flow; Air pressure is driven gas stage required time and is determined according to the variation ofgas density situation of extraction system; If when seam hardness is large or geostatic stress is large, first conventional water under high pressure fracturing is implemented to pressure break boring, and then in pressure break boring, inject gases at high pressure carry out fracturing; The air-source that described gases at high pressure provide for underground pressure air system, or for easily by nitrogen, CO that coal seam is adsorbed
2gas; Nitrogen, CO is adopted in the coal seam of easy spontaneous combustion
2deng inert gas.
C. by with inject that the pressure break of gases at high pressure holes adjacent other hole 2 high-pressure rubber pipe 3 be connected with methane gas extraction pipeline 11, utilize the negative pressure of methane gas extraction pipeline, the gas that extraction periphery is holed;
D. because the gas in coal seam 1 is moved to the position that pore pressure is low by the position that pore pressure is high, the pressure break boring of injecting gases at high pressure can form higher pore pressure around, lower pore pressure is then formed around other adjacent with it borings 2, pore pressure grad is defined between higher pore pressure and lower pore pressure, i.e. methane pressure gradient, now enter air pressure and drive the gas stage, gas drainage system starts the gas in the adjacent boring of extraction, this air pressure needed for phase gas pressure break hole is little compared with the pressure break stage, the pressure of gas injection in pressure break boring can be reduced, because pressure stage gases at high pressure will by coal bed fracturing, required pressure is higher, and in the stage of driveing, and is the gas of fracture zone to be driven to adjacent pressure break boring around, required pressure comparatively the pressure break stage low,
E. when gas extraction concentration detector showing extraction concentration and being reduced to below setting value, the gas completing a pressure break boring is driven, next one boring 2 is injected gases at high pressure capable pressure breaks as pressure break boring, pressure break boring is before become drainage holes simultaneously and be connected into extraction pipeline and carry out gas pumping;
F. repeat step e many times, until each boring 2 of one group of horizontal distribution is injected high pressure gas fracturing mistake as pressure break boring, and while pressure break, gas pumping is carried out to other adjacent borings, effectively raises the extraction efficiency of gas.
Operating principle: coal seam is under stress field effect, boring is utilized to enter gases at high pressure to coal seam infusion, stress field and gas pressure cause generation crack, coal seam jointly, the pressure energy of gas destroys the globality in coal seam, the hole crack in conducting coal seam itself, does not affect the adsorption desorption effect of coal seam to gas while increasing gas permeability of coal seam.In coal seam, gas is always moved to the position that pore pressure is low by the position that pore pressure is high, the height of pore pressure have impact on the speed of gas movement, lower pore pressure is formed around higher pore pressure and periphery extraction borehole around pressure break boring, both define higher methane pressure gradient at acting in conjunction, effectively can improve the extraction efficiency of gas.
Claims (6)
1. a coal seam gas pressure break and gas method of driveing, is characterized in that: the method comprises sealing of hole pressure break and gas drives two stages, and step is as follows:
A. according to coal geology information parameter, determine the spacing of wells, the boring (2) of construction one group of horizontal distribution in the coal seam (1) of pre-exploitation, the quantity of boring (2) is according to pressure break range set, have 3 at least, plug-in mounting high-pressure rubber pipe (3) in the boring of having constructed (2), then uses sealing material (4) to carry out sealing of hole;
B. after sealing of hole completes, any one boring (2) is selected to hole as pressure break, high-pressure rubber pipe in pressure break being holed is connected with high-pressure pump (5), in pipeline, access valve (6), gas pressure sensor (7) and gas flow sensor (8) successively simultaneously, in pressure break boring, gases at high pressure are injected by high-pressure pump (5), the pressure energy entering the gases at high pressure in this boring (2) destroys the globality in coal seam, the hole crack in conducting coal seam itself, does not affect the adsorption desorption effect of coal seam to gas while increasing coal seam (1) gas permeability;
C. be connected with the high-pressure rubber pipe (3) injecting other hole (2) that the pressure break of gases at high pressure is holed adjacent with methane gas extraction pipeline (11);
D. because the gas in coal seam (1) is moved to the position that pore pressure is low by the position that pore pressure is high, the pressure break boring of injecting gases at high pressure can form higher pore pressure around, other adjacent with it borings (2) then form lower pore pressure around, pore pressure grad is defined between higher pore pressure and lower pore pressure, i.e. methane pressure gradient, now enter air pressure and drive the gas stage, gas drainage system starts the gas in the adjacent boring of extraction, this air pressure needed for phase gas pressure break hole is little compared with the pressure break stage, the pressure of gas injection in pressure break boring can be reduced,
E. when gas extraction concentration detector showing extraction concentration and being reduced to below setting value, the gas completing a pressure break boring is driven, next one boring (2) is injected gases at high pressure capable pressure breaks as pressure break boring, pressure break boring is before become drainage holes simultaneously and be connected into extraction pipeline and carry out gas pumping;
F. repeat step e many times, until each boring (2) of one group of horizontal distribution is injected high pressure gas fracturing mistake as pressure break boring, and while pressure break, gas pumping is carried out to other adjacent borings.
2. coal seam gas pressure break according to claim 1 and the gas method of driveing, is characterized in that: utilize underground pressure air system drive air motor as the power source of high-pressure pump (5), or utilize fire-proof motor as the power source of high-pressure pump (5).
3. coal seam gas pressure break according to claim 1 and the gas method of driveing, is characterized in that: can need multiple stage high-pressure pump (5) in parallel according to scene, to realize the object that huge discharge hyperbar carries out pressure break fast.
4. coal seam gas pressure break according to claim 1 and the gas method of driveing, is characterized in that: described pressure break time of injecting gases at high pressure in boring (2) is according to the spacing of wells, seam hardness, developmental joint fissure situation and detect the air pressure of fracturing process and the parametric synthesis of flow is determined; Air pressure is driven gas stage required time and is determined according to the variation ofgas density situation of extraction system.
5. coal seam gas pressure break according to claim 1 and the gas method of driveing, it is characterized in that: if when seam hardness is large or geostatic stress is large, first conventional water under high pressure fracturing is implemented to pressure break boring, and then in pressure break boring, inject gases at high pressure carry out fracturing.
6. coal seam gas pressure break according to claim 1 and the gas method of driveing, is characterized in that: the air-source that described gases at high pressure provide for underground pressure air system, or for easily by nitrogen, CO that coal seam is adsorbed
2gas.
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| CN105804786A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-27 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for layer penetrating, drilling, pressing punching and permeability improving of soft coal seam floor |
| CN105840164A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-08-10 | 河南理工大学 | Regional pressure release coal bed gas mining method |
| CN105927270A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-09-07 | 重庆大学 | Gas extraction method for parallel hole arrangement of L-shaped drilling and fracturing weakening top plate |
| CN106869991A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-20 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of microwave hot air couples the coal body anti-reflection method of heat injection |
| CN107100612A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-08-29 | 山东科技大学 | Investigate method in a kind of downhole hydraulic pressure break influence area |
| CN109098750A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-28 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of underground gas extraction hole doubles as the device and construction method in coal-bed flooding hole |
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| WO2019184147A1 (en) * | 2018-03-27 | 2019-10-03 | 山东科技大学 | Method for efficiently preventing impact ground pressure for low gas-permeability coal seam |
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| CN111075501A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-04-28 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Low-permeability coal seam bottom suction roadway high-pressure nitrogen injection displacement rapid stripe outburst elimination device and method |
| CN111502740A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-08-07 | 北京科技大学 | Unit circulating type pressure pumping integrated gas extraction system and method |
| CN112696177A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-23 | 太原理工大学 | Coal bed gas pressure device and method based on compressed air system |
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| CN116591640A (en) * | 2023-04-11 | 2023-08-15 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Low-permeability coal seam high-pressure gas-water mixed pressure permeability-increasing displacement gas method and system |
| CN117868962A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-12 | 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 | Gas extraction method for soft coal seam |
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Application publication date: 20151118 |