CN110318675B - Deep coal bed gas thermal co-production method - Google Patents
Deep coal bed gas thermal co-production method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110318675B CN110318675B CN201910586554.7A CN201910586554A CN110318675B CN 110318675 B CN110318675 B CN 110318675B CN 201910586554 A CN201910586554 A CN 201910586554A CN 110318675 B CN110318675 B CN 110318675B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
Abstract
The invention discloses a deep coal bed gas thermal co-production method, which comprises the following steps of constructing a first vertical well, and performing air sealing and heat insulation protection on a well by using a heat insulation sleeve; secondly, constructing a layered horizontal well according to the thickness of the coal seam, and determining the number K of layers according to the true thickness M of the coal seam and the gas drainage radius R; let K be M/2R; thirdly, constructing a second vertical well; fourthly, constructing annular dispersion holes of the horizontal well, and then extracting gas for the first time; fifthly, performing hydraulic fracturing on each drill hole to form a three-dimensional fracture network, and performing secondary gas extraction; and sixthly, the first vertical well is used as a water injection well, the second vertical well is used as a steam outlet well, water is injected into the deep coal seam, geothermal energy is transferred into steam by utilizing the heat transfer principle, and the steam is extracted and utilized. The method can be used for gas extraction and geothermal energy extraction of the deep coal seam with the depth of 1500-3000 meters, improves the geothermal extraction efficiency, saves energy, reduces emission, and prevents geological environment problems such as water and soil pollution and thermal pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of exploitation of geothermal energy and coal bed gas, and particularly provides a method for jointly exploiting deep coal bed gas heat.
Background
The total amount of 3000 meters of shallow coal bed gas resources in China is about 55 billion cubic meters, 3000 meters of shallow coal bed gas resources in China are about 55 billion cubic meters, and the amount of the coal bed gas resources with the coal bed burial depth of 1500-3000 meters accounts for 54.5%. At present, most of underground coal mining and coal bed gas exploitation are coal beds and coal bed gas which are more than 1500 meters shallow, and great technical difficulty exists in the exploitation of deep coal bed gas. In addition, the deep coal seam is relatively high in ground stress and low in permeability, and the exploitation efficiency of the coal seam gas is severely limited.
Geothermal resources are green clean energy and are stored in the earth crust in a large amount. The global geothermal resource amount below 5000m underground is about 4948 trillion tons of standard coal, and the geothermal resource becomes a new energy source for worldwide disputed exploitation. The standard coal with the geothermal energy of about 1400 hundred million tons can be developed in China at the depth of 2-3 km.
The development and utilization technology of geothermal resources goes through the evolution of two generations, and the first generation of exploitation technology of geothermal energy is basically characterized by direct mining, direct supply and direct discharge, namely the most traditional technical method. The most initial utilization of mine geothermal heat is started from mine return air, and hot air with higher temperature generated by geothermal heat is introduced into a wellhead to solve the problem of entering a wind-freezing well in winter, so that the energy consumption of a manual preheating air source is saved; in mines with hot water flowing out, geothermal water in mines is often used for heating bathing water and domestic water, or mine drainage is used as a cold and heat source, underground heat energy is conveyed to the ground through a mine drainage system, a heat exchange station is established in an industrial square, and the obtained heat energy is used for well head anti-freezing and building heating on the well. The first generation of technical methods has low environmental protection level and weak sustainable development. The second generation is the combination of mining and irrigation, the heat is used without water, namely, the mined geoheat is mined in the form of underground water heat, and the recharging is carried out after the heat energy is extracted. The second generation technology has the defects that the connectivity between the mining and recharging wells is not easy to determine, the recharging efficiency is low, the groundwater is polluted to different degrees, and the technology has partial advantages compared with the first generation technology that the groundwater is directly discharged, only mining and not recharging are performed, and the like.
The existing geothermal resource exploitation technology is only limited to geothermal exploitation, related technical data of deep coal bed gas and geothermal co-exploitation are not seen, and high drilling cost is a significant factor for restricting geothermal exploitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for mining coal bed gas and geothermal energy in deep coal beds in the range of 1500-3000 meters.
Therefore, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a deep coal bed gas thermal co-mining method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a first vertical well is constructed downwards on the surface of a mined coal field, the first vertical well penetrates through an overlying rock layer of a deep coal seam and a mined shallow coal seam, and a well hole is hermetically sealed and thermally insulated by a thermal insulation sleeve;
and secondly, after the first vertical drilling well reaches the deepest layering of the deep coal seam, sequentially constructing each layered horizontal well from top to bottom according to the thickness of the coal seam, adopting circular arc transition between the first vertical drilling well and each layered horizontal well, determining the length and the number of each layered horizontal well according to the range of a coal mining field, and determining the layering number K according to the following method:
(1) determining the true thickness M of the coal seam according to geological data and actual drilling data;
(2) constructing a coal body permeability evolution model under the action of force-heat coupling, and calculating a gas drainage radius R under the condition of natural desorption of a deep coal bed by combining the coal bed permeability coefficient lambda;
(3) determining the layering quantity K according to the coal seam true thickness M and the gas drainage radius R;
let K be M/2R, when K <1, N is 1, when K >1, N is the integer part of K;
constructing a second vertical well, wherein the second vertical well is vertically communicated with each layered horizontal well;
fourthly, constructing annular dispersion holes on each layered horizontal well, and then utilizing the first vertical well and the second vertical well to extract gas for the first time;
fifthly, placing a gas concentration and flow monitoring sensor in the gas extraction pipeline, monitoring the gas concentration and flow in real time, and performing hydraulic fracturing on each drill hole after the concentration and the flow reach set minimum values to form a three-dimensional fracture network for performing secondary gas extraction;
and sixthly, after gas extraction is finished, the first vertical well is used as a water injection well, the second vertical well is used as a steam outlet well, water is injected into the deep coal seam, geothermal energy is transferred into steam by utilizing the heat transfer principle, and the steam is extracted and utilized.
Preferably, the high-temperature steam generated by mining reaches the ground through the second vertical well to generate electricity. Because the deep geothermal temperature is high, the utilization value is higher, and the deep geothermal energy generating device is used for generating electricity, and has more remarkable social benefit and economic benefit.
Preferably, three horizontal wells are arranged in layers and are arranged at equal intervals, the central horizontal well is over against the first vertical well and the second vertical well, the left end and the right end of the horizontal wells on the two sides are respectively bent towards the central horizontal well and then connected, and the whole horizontal well is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri'. On the premise of ensuring thorough gas heat extraction, the arrangement of each horizontal well is optimized as much as possible, the complexity of drilling is reduced, and the extraction efficiency is improved.
And in the same way, each layered horizontal well is arranged in the deep coal seam from front to back and from left to right.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the deep coal bed gas thermal co-extraction method, the first vertical well and the second vertical well which are constructed can penetrate into a buried deep coal bed with the depth of 1500 + 3000 meters, annular dispersion holes are constructed in each layered horizontal well, the permeability of coal is increased through the construction of the annular dispersion holes, a three-dimensional high-permeability coal fracture network is formed, and the extraction effect of the coal bed gas is greatly improved;
(2) firstly, drilling gas is used for first extraction, when the gas concentration reaches a set minimum value, hydraulic fracturing is carried out, the air permeability of a coal seam is increased, a three-dimensional fracture network with higher permeability and stronger connectivity is formed, and meanwhile, the hydraulic fracturing also has the effects of water injection and gas displacement; then, secondary extraction of the coal bed gas is carried out, so that the resource extraction rate is improved, and the waste of energy is avoided;
(3) when gas extraction is finished, sending surface water to a deep high-temperature coal seam by using a drilling well, transferring geothermal energy to water by using a heat transfer principle, vaporizing the water and changing the water into a water-steam mixture (the specific form of the water is determined by the ground temperature of the deep coal seam), and directly extracting the water to the ground by using a second directional well for comprehensive utilization; the deep coal bed gas thermal co-extraction method directly extracts geothermal resources by utilizing the drilling well and the drilling hole for extracting the coal bed gas, improves the utilization rate of the drilling well and the drilling hole, has the characteristics of obvious technical advancement and high efficiency, and has practical application value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view a-a of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of 1 horizontal well when the thickness of a deep coal seam is 5 meters and the drainage radius is 3 meters.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of 1 horizontal well when the thickness of a deep coal seam is 10 meters and the drainage radius is 3 meters.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of 2 horizontal wells arranged when the thickness of a deep coal seam is 15 meters and the drainage radius is 3 meters.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal well for constructing circumferential dispersion holes.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
with reference to fig. 1 and 2, a deep coal bed methane thermal co-extraction method is suitable for gas extraction and geothermal energy extraction of deep coal beds with depth of less than 3000 meters, and mainly comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a first vertical well 1 is constructed downwards on the surface of a mined coal field, the first vertical well 1 penetrates through an overlying rock stratum of a deep coal seam and a shallow mined coal seam, and a well hole is hermetically sealed and protected by a heat-insulating sleeve 2; the heat insulation casing 2 keeps low heat exchange with the outside while ensuring good air tightness of the well hole, and reduces heat loss.
And secondly, after the first vertical well 1 reaches the deepest layering of the deep coal seam 3, sequentially constructing each layered horizontal well 4 from top to bottom according to the thickness of the coal seam, and performing circular arc transition between the first vertical well 1 and each layered horizontal well 4. The length and the number of each layered horizontal well are determined by the range of the coal field.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, three horizontal wells 4 are arranged in each layer, the three horizontal wells 4 are arranged at equal intervals, the central horizontal well 4 is over against the first vertical well 1 and the second vertical well 5, the left and right ends of the horizontal wells 4 at the two sides are respectively bent towards the central horizontal well 4 and then connected, and the whole horizontal wells are arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri'. On the premise of ensuring thorough gas heat extraction, the arrangement of each horizontal well is optimized as much as possible, the complexity of drilling is reduced, and the extraction efficiency is improved. In addition, each layered horizontal well 4 is preferably arranged centrally from front to back and centrally from left to right in the deep coal seam. The number of layers K is determined as follows:
(1) determining the true thickness M of the coal seam according to geological data and actual drilling data;
(2) constructing a coal body permeability evolution model under the action of force-heat coupling, and calculating a gas drainage radius R under the condition of natural desorption of a deep coal bed by combining the coal bed permeability coefficient lambda;
(3) determining the layering quantity K according to the coal seam true thickness M and the gas drainage radius R;
let K be M/2R, when K <1, N takes 1, when K >1, N takes the integer part of K.
For example: as shown in fig. 3, when the thickness of the deep coal seam 3 is 5 meters and the drainage radius is 3 meters, K is 0.83, and N is 1, that is, a horizontal well 4 is arranged in the coal seam.
As shown in fig. 4, when the thickness of the deep coal seam 3 is 10 meters and the drainage radius is 3 meters, K is 1.67, N is still 1, that is, a layer of horizontal well 4 is arranged in the coal seam, and gas which cannot be drained under natural conditions is extracted after a hydraulic fracturing measure is taken;
as shown in fig. 5, when the thickness of the deep coal seam 3 is 15 meters and the drainage radius is 3 meters, K is 2.5, and N is 2, that is, two horizontal wells 4 are arranged in the coal seam.
The number of the horizontal wells 4 in each layer is determined according to the range of a mining area, when the range of the mining area is large, a plurality of horizontal wells 4 can be arranged in each layer, each horizontal well 4 in the same layer is communicated with the first vertical well 1, as shown in fig. 2, three horizontal wells 4 are arranged in one layer, and three layers of horizontal wells are arranged according to the thickness of a coal seam in a deep coal seam.
And thirdly, constructing a second vertical well 5, wherein the second vertical well 5 is vertically communicated with each layered horizontal well 4, and the second vertical well 5 is drilled at one time.
And fourthly, constructing annular dispersion holes 6 (shown in figure 6) on each layered horizontal well 4, increasing the permeability of the coal body, and then utilizing the first vertical well 4 and the second vertical well 5 to extract gas for the first time.
And fifthly, placing a gas concentration and flow monitoring sensor in the gas extraction pipeline, monitoring the gas concentration and flow in real time, when the concentration and flow reach set minimum values, obviously reducing the gas extraction efficiency, performing hydraulic fracturing on each drill hole to form a three-dimensional fracture network, and performing secondary gas extraction.
And sixthly, after gas extraction is finished, the first vertical well 1 is used as a water injection well, the second vertical well 5 is used as a steam outlet well, water is injected into the deep coal seam, geothermal energy is transferred into steam by utilizing the heat transfer principle, and the steam is extracted and utilized.
The high-temperature steam generated by mining reaches the ground through the second vertical well and can be directly utilized or used for generating electricity.
Claims (4)
1. A deep coal bed gas thermal co-production method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a first vertical well is constructed downwards on the surface of a mined coal field, the first vertical well penetrates through an overlying rock layer of a deep coal seam and a mined shallow coal seam, and a well hole is hermetically sealed and thermally insulated by a thermal insulation sleeve;
and secondly, after the first vertical drilling well reaches the deepest layering of the deep coal seam, sequentially constructing each layered horizontal well from top to bottom according to the thickness of the deep coal seam, adopting circular arc transition between the first vertical drilling well and each layered horizontal well, determining the length and the number of each layered horizontal well according to the range of a coal mining field, and determining the layering number K according to the following method:
(1) determining the true thickness M of the deep coal seam according to geological data and actual drilling data;
(2) constructing a coal body permeability evolution model under the action of force-heat coupling, and calculating a gas drainage radius R under the natural desorption condition of the deep coal bed by combining the permeability coefficient lambda of the deep coal bed;
(3) determining the layering quantity K according to the true thickness M and the gas drainage radius R of the deep coal bed;
let K be M/2R, when K <1, N is 1, when K >1, N is the integer part of K;
constructing a second vertical well, wherein the second vertical well is vertically communicated with each layered horizontal well;
fourthly, constructing annular dispersion holes on each layered horizontal well, and then utilizing the first vertical well and the second vertical well to extract gas for the first time;
fifthly, placing a gas concentration and flow monitoring sensor in the gas extraction pipeline, monitoring the gas concentration and flow in real time, and performing hydraulic fracturing on each annular dispersion hole after the concentration and the flow reach set minimum values to form a three-dimensional fracture network for performing secondary gas extraction;
and sixthly, after gas extraction is finished, the first vertical well is used as a water injection well, the second vertical well is used as a steam outlet well, water is injected into the deep coal seam, geothermal energy is transferred into steam by utilizing the heat transfer principle, and the steam is extracted and utilized.
2. The deep coal bed methane thermal co-production method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the high-temperature steam formed by mining reaches the ground through the second vertical well drilling to generate power.
3. The deep coal bed methane thermal co-production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and three horizontal wells are arranged in layers and are arranged at equal intervals, the central horizontal well is just opposite to the first vertical well and the second vertical well, the left end and the right end of the horizontal wells at two sides are respectively bent towards the central horizontal well and then connected, and the whole horizontal well is arranged in a shape like a Chinese character 'ri'.
4. The deep coal bed methane thermal co-production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: each layered horizontal well is arranged in the deep coal seam in the front-back and left-right centers.
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| CN111005754B (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-10-13 | 中国矿业大学 | Multi-stage gas fluidized extraction method for multi-layered coal body |
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| CN111911224B (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-06-03 | 山东科技大学 | Hot gas co-mining method for deep coal seam roof drilling coal |
| CN113404480A (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2021-09-17 | 东北大学 | Co-mining method for geothermal energy and mineral resources |
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| CN115561279A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-01-03 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Simulation experiment device for formation deep gas-heat co-production and use method |
| CN116411887B (en) * | 2023-06-05 | 2023-08-18 | 太原理工大学 | Device and method for exploiting coal bed gas by utilizing geothermal energy |
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| CN102105755B (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2014-11-05 | 迈克尔·J·帕雷拉 | System and method of capturing geothermal heat from within a drilled well to generate electricity |
| AU2010206101C1 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-04-11 | Ignatious Isaakidis | Isaakidis high temperature engineered geothermal systems (EGS) |
| US9181931B2 (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2015-11-10 | David Alan McBay | Geothermal energy collection system |
| CN105909214A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-08-31 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Method for exploiting compact dry heat rock geothermal energy by utilizing long horizontal well self-circulation structure |
| CN107269254A (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2017-10-20 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of well group structures and methods using ground die mould geothermal energy extracting hydrate on bottom of sea |
| CN107782004B (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2019-06-04 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of method that geothermal energy extracts raising gas drainage rate |
| CN108252714B (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2019-11-19 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of deep coal cooperates with winning apparatus and method with underground heat |
| CN109057796B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2021-01-12 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal-heat co-mining method based on high-geothermal mine |
| CN109883074B (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-07-14 | 中国矿业大学 | System for extracting geothermal energy from goaf filling body and working method thereof |
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