CN112409035A - Comprehensive treatment method for anaerobic composting and reduction whole process of kitchen garbage - Google Patents
Comprehensive treatment method for anaerobic composting and reduction whole process of kitchen garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112409035A CN112409035A CN202011612633.XA CN202011612633A CN112409035A CN 112409035 A CN112409035 A CN 112409035A CN 202011612633 A CN202011612633 A CN 202011612633A CN 112409035 A CN112409035 A CN 112409035A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/02—Apparatus for the manufacture
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kitchen waste anaerobic composting fermentation quantitative reduction overall process comprehensive treatment method, which improves the effluent quality by a sewage advanced treatment technology, adopts a solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology, can use slag and sludge separated from solid and liquid as organic fertilizers for fertilizing surrounding farmlands, can obviously improve the product quality and yield, enters a middle liquid storage tank for fertilizing farmlands or enters an advanced treatment system for full utilization, utilizes a deodorization treatment technology to carry out sealing treatment on pollution factors with complex components in waste gas generated by projects, avoids the harm of peculiar smell generated by the waste gas to the health of surrounding personnel and the influence on the production environment, the surrounding atmospheric environment and the like, utilizes a dry desulfurization mode by a methane comprehensive treatment and utilization technology, and utilizes the methane generated in the working procedure for secondary utilization of energy by a methane boiler or a methane power generation mode, the resource value of the whole garbage treatment center is maximized, and the social benefit and the social value are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the relevant technical field of kitchen waste treatment, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment method for the whole process of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste.
Background
As a large population country, the daily food and fruit consumption of food, vegetables, melons and fruits is very large, and the corresponding kitchen garbage generation amount is also very large. The kitchen waste is easy to be decomposed and acidified, and various germs can be generated due to improper treatment, so that immeasurable consequences can be caused to the social security environment. With the strong promotion of garbage classification in China, the conventional disposal methods such as garbage landfill and the like are not suitable for the development of the current society, and the disposal of a large amount of kitchen waste becomes an important social affair before the beginning. According to the domestic garbage classification management method and regulations in China, kitchen waste is a perishable component generated by classifying domestic garbage, and the generation source of the kitchen waste is resident families. According to the development process and the current situation of domestic garbage classification in China, the domestic garbage classification effect in most of cities is not obvious at present, and the outstanding characteristic is that the purity of kitchen garbage is not high.
The existing kitchen waste treatment technology has the following problems: at present, kitchen waste has various problems, the waste sorting mainly comprises manual sorting, and sorting personnel can contact a large amount of waste by manual sorting, so that a large amount of labor is occupied, and the health risk of the sorting personnel is increased; in the process of treating garbage, sewage discharge is difficult to reach the standard, the surrounding environment and household safety are seriously harmed, and meanwhile, waste gas and sewage are directly discharged to cause certain energy waste.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a comprehensive treatment method for anaerobic composting and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process, and aims to solve the problems that manual sorting in the background technology occupies labor force and harms health, sewage discharge does not reach the standard and energy is wasted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kitchen waste anaerobic composting fermentation reduction overall process comprehensive treatment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, discharging kitchen waste and then putting the discharged kitchen waste into a storage bin for pre-disinfection;
secondly, conveying the disinfected kitchen garbage to crushing equipment for crushing through a conveying device, and discharging a leaching solution part in the crushing process to a desanding unit;
thirdly, the crushed kitchen garbage enters a magnetic separation unit, and metal substances mixed in the garbage are separated;
fourthly, the screened kitchen waste enters a screw extrusion dehydration unit, the squeezed solid residues enter a rear-section crushing treatment system, and the squeezed organic slurry enters a water pump for conveying to a sewage treatment system after sand and impurity removal;
fifthly, converting waste organic matters in the crushed solid kitchen waste into fertilizers through anaerobic fermentation composting treatment;
sixthly, purifying the sewage generated in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps by a sewage treatment process;
seventhly, performing solid-liquid separation on anaerobic effluent generated in the last step through a solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology, enabling biogas slurry to enter an intermediate liquid storage tank for farmland fertilization or an advanced treatment system, and enabling biogas residues to be used as organic fertilizers to be transported to peripheral farmlands for fertilization;
eighthly, treating the odorous waste gas generated in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps by a deodorization treatment technology;
and ninthly, carrying out drying desulfurization on the gas in the last step by a methane comprehensive treatment and utilization technology, and simultaneously storing methane by a methane storage system.
Preferably, in the first step, the pre-sterilization uses an ozone generator to generate ozone, a sterilization pipe network communicated with the ozone generator is installed in the bin, and ozone gas with a certain concentration generated by the sterilization pipe network is fully contacted with the garbage through the sterilization pipe network, so that harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli and the like in the garbage are inhibited or killed.
Preferably, in the sixth step, the sewage treatment process adopts an A2O + AO + precipitation mode.
Preferably, in the seventh step, the spiral shell hydroextractor is folded in solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology, and the spiral shell hydroextractor is folded to include automatically controlled cabinet, metering tank, flocculation mixing tank and hydroextractor main part.
Preferably, in the eighth step, the room for the waste gas treatment device and the advanced treatment system are both sealed, a cover is added on the top of the waste gas storage liquid intermediate pool, and waste gas is collected through a pipeline and enters the deodorization system.
Preferably, in the ninth step, the dry desulfurization uses a solid absorbent or adsorbent to remove hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfur in the exhaust gas, and the biogas storage system mainly comprises a dual-membrane dry gas storage cabinet and a CSTR anaerobic reactor.
Preferably, in the ninth step, the comprehensive treatment and utilization technology of the biogas further comprises a biogas utilization system, and the biogas utilization system adopts a biogas boiler or a biogas power generation mode to carry out secondary utilization of energy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive treatment method for anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen garbage in the whole process, which has the following beneficial effects:
1. the advanced sewage treatment technology adopts an A/O process, and the process has higher removal effect on COD, BOD5, ammonia nitrogen and the like in the wastewater; the process is simple, the buildings are few, only one sludge reflux system and one mixed liquor reflux system are provided, the investment is low, and the operation cost is low; the anoxic pond is in front of the aerobic pond, organic carbon in the sewage can be utilized by denitrifying bacteria, and the organic load of the aerobic pond can be reduced; the aerobic tank is arranged behind the anoxic tank, so that the denitrified organic matter can be further removed, and an anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (two-stage A/O) biological denitrification (internal circulation) process flow is adopted, so that the wastewater treatment device not only can meet the denitrification requirement, but also can meet the requirements of COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and the like, and the effluent quality is improved;
2. according to the solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology, the slag and sludge obtained by solid-liquid separation can be used as organic fertilizers for fertilizing surrounding farmlands, the fertilizers are good fertilizers and soil conditioners for crops, particularly for fruits, vegetables and flowers, the product quality and the yield can be obviously improved, and the separated biogas slurry enters an intermediate liquid storage tank and is used for fertilizing farmlands or enters an advanced treatment system for full utilization;
3. the deodorization treatment technology adopts a combined treatment mode of alkaline washing and oxidation to carry out sealing treatment on pollution factors (mainly comprising hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, and a small amount of organic gas such as methyl mercaptan, methylamine, methyl sulfide and the like, which have both acid-base waste gas and organic waste gas) with complex components in waste gas generated by a project, so that the harm of peculiar smell generated by the waste gas to the health of surrounding personnel and the influence on the production environment, the surrounding atmospheric environment and the like are avoided, and the deodorization treatment technology has excellent environmental protection significance;
4. the comprehensive methane treatment and utilization technology utilizes a dry desulfurization mode, uses a methane boiler or a methane power generation mode to secondarily utilize methane generated in the working procedure, converts heat energy generated by methane combustion into green energy such as hot water, steam or electricity and the like, and supplements energy required by a pretreatment process, thereby reducing the use amount of external energy, maximizing the garbage resource value of the whole garbage treatment center, and improving social benefit and social value.
The equipment related to the invention is the existing equipment which can be directly purchased in the market, and the functions required by crushing, sorting and the like can be realized. The method of the invention can be carried out by adopting the existing method in the field without any specific method for the process steps and process parameters which are not recorded.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention without limiting the invention in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall process of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a kitchen waste anaerobic composting fermentation reduction overall process comprehensive treatment method comprises the following steps:
firstly, discharging kitchen waste and then putting the discharged kitchen waste into a storage bin for pre-disinfection;
secondly, conveying the disinfected kitchen garbage to crushing equipment for crushing through a conveying device, and discharging a leaching solution part in the crushing process to a desanding unit;
thirdly, the crushed kitchen garbage enters a magnetic separation unit, and metal substances mixed in the garbage are separated;
fourthly, the screened kitchen waste enters a screw extrusion dehydration unit, the squeezed solid residues enter a rear-section crushing treatment system, and the squeezed organic slurry enters a water pump for conveying to a sewage treatment system after sand and impurity removal;
fifthly, converting waste organic matters in the crushed solid kitchen waste into fertilizers through anaerobic fermentation composting treatment;
sixthly, purifying the sewage generated in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps by a sewage treatment process;
seventhly, performing solid-liquid separation on anaerobic effluent generated in the last step through a solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology, enabling biogas slurry to enter an intermediate liquid storage tank for farmland fertilization or an advanced treatment system, and enabling biogas residues to be used as organic fertilizers to be transported to peripheral farmlands for fertilization;
eighthly, treating the odorous waste gas generated in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps by a deodorization treatment technology;
and ninthly, carrying out drying desulfurization on the gas in the last step by a methane comprehensive treatment and utilization technology, and simultaneously storing methane by a methane storage system.
Furthermore, in the first step, the ozone generator is adopted for pre-disinfection, the disinfection pipe network communicated with the ozone generator is installed in the storage bin, ozone gas with a certain concentration generated by the disinfection pipe network is fully contacted with the garbage through the disinfection pipe network, so that harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli and the like in the garbage are inhibited or killed, and the risk of bacterial infection of operators is reduced.
Furthermore, in the sixth step, the sewage treatment process adopts an A2O + AO + precipitation mode, the biochemical treatment process of the sewage mainly has the main function of effectively removing soluble organic matters and partially insoluble organic matters in the sewage by utilizing the life activity process of microorganisms to purify the sewage, and as the percolate waste water is high in COD and BOD and high in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient element content, the process is repeatedly compared and combined with the prior engineering experience, the two-stage A/O process is preferred, and the NH3-N concentration is high, so that the traditional and mature A/O process is adopted, the A/O process has a better denitrification function, the effect of removing pollutants in the waste water is achieved, and the water quality is better.
It should be noted that, in the seventh step, spiral shell hydroextractor is folded in solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technique adoption, it includes automatically controlled cabinet to fold spiral shell hydroextractor, the metering tank, flocculation mixing tank and hydroextractor main part, the occupation of land space of equipment is little, be convenient for maintenance and change, and is light in weight, the transport of being convenient for, self-cleaning's function has simultaneously, need not wash for preventing the filter seam jam, reduce the water consumption of washing, reduce the inner loop burden, the trouble is few, the noise vibration is little, the operation is safe and simple, through automatically controlled cabinet, with the medicine soaking machine, advance the dredge pump, add the interlock of medicine pump etc., realize 24 hours continuous operation.
It is noted that in the eighth step, the pretreatment room, the solid-liquid separation and sludge dewatering room, the intermediate liquid storage tank and the advanced treatment system generate and emit foul waste gas, and the main component of the waste gas is hydrogen sulfide (H)2S), ammonia (NH)3) Volatile substances such as mercaptan and the like are comprehensively stink and peculiar smell in sense, the stink is a volatile gas, molecules of the stink diffuse in the air and are inhaled into olfactory organs of a human body to cause extremely unpleasant smell feeling, so that in order to avoid the harm of peculiar smell generated by waste gas to the health of surrounding personnel and the influence on the production environment, the surrounding atmospheric environment and the like, a waste gas treatment equipment room and a deep treatment system are sealed, and the top of a waste gas storage middle pool is sealedThe cover is added, the waste gas is collected through a pipeline and enters a deodorization system, pollution factors of the waste gas generated by the project mainly comprise hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas, in addition, a small amount of organic gas such as methyl mercaptan, methylamine, methyl sulfide and the like exists, the acid-base waste gas and the organic waste gas exist, the components are complex, and a combined treatment mode of alkaline washing and oxidation can be selected.
It should be understood that, in the ninth step, the dry desulfurization method uses solid absorbent or adsorbent to remove hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfur in the exhaust gas, and has the advantages of short flow, simple equipment structure, high gas purification degree and stable operation, but the method usually uses a fixed layer reactor, and the desulfurizer needs to be replaced periodically, which cannot be continuous, and the method of dry desulfurization is many, and the currently used biogas storage system mainly uses iron oxide method, active carbon method, zinc oxide method and organic sulfur (COS, CS 2) hydrolysis method, etc. and mainly comprises a double-film dry type biogas storage cabinet and a CSTR anaerobic reactor, the double-film dry type biogas storage cabinet comprises an outer layer film and an inner layer film, the outer layer film forms the external sphere shape of the storage cabinet, the inner layer film and the bottom enclose an inner cavity to store biogas, the storage cabinet is provided with an explosion-proof fan, the fan automatically adjusts the gas delivery amount to the biogas utilization system according to the requirements, the outer layer membrane is provided with a hose which runs up and down to keep the air pressure in the gas storage cabinet stable, the explosion-proof fan conveys the outside air into the space between the outer layer membrane and the inner layer membrane through the hose, so that the outer layer membrane keeps the spherical shape and simultaneously conveys the methane out under pressure, and the ultrasonic range finder is matched to automatically adjust and control the storage amount of the methane.
It is worth understanding that, in the ninth step, the biogas comprehensive treatment and utilization technology further comprises a biogas utilization system, the biogas utilization system performs secondary utilization of energy by adopting a biogas boiler or a biogas power generation mode, and converts heat energy generated by biogas combustion into green energy such as hot water, steam or electricity to supplement energy required by the pretreatment process, thereby reducing the usage amount of external energy, maximizing the garbage resource value of the whole garbage treatment center, and improving social benefits and social values.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A kitchen waste anaerobic composting fermentation reduction overall process comprehensive treatment method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, discharging kitchen waste and then putting the discharged kitchen waste into a storage bin for pre-disinfection;
secondly, conveying the disinfected kitchen garbage to crushing equipment for crushing through a conveying device, and discharging a leaching solution part in the crushing process to a desanding unit;
thirdly, the crushed kitchen garbage enters a magnetic separation unit, and metal substances mixed in the garbage are separated;
fourthly, the screened kitchen waste enters a screw extrusion dehydration unit, the squeezed solid residues enter a rear-section crushing treatment system, and the squeezed organic slurry enters a water pump for conveying to a sewage treatment system after sand and impurity removal;
fifthly, converting waste organic matters in the crushed solid kitchen waste into fertilizers through anaerobic fermentation composting treatment;
sixthly, purifying the sewage generated in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps by a sewage treatment process;
seventhly, performing solid-liquid separation on anaerobic effluent generated in the last step through a solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology, enabling biogas slurry to enter an intermediate liquid storage tank for farmland fertilization or an advanced treatment system, and enabling biogas residues to be used as organic fertilizers to be transported to peripheral farmlands for fertilization;
eighthly, treating the odorous waste gas generated in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth steps by a deodorization treatment technology;
and ninthly, carrying out drying desulfurization on the gas in the last step by a methane comprehensive treatment and utilization technology, and simultaneously storing methane by a methane storage system.
2. The method for comprehensive treatment of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the first step, ozone is generated by an ozone generator in the pre-disinfection process, a disinfection pipe network communicated with the ozone generator is arranged in a storage bin, and ozone gas with a certain concentration generated by the disinfection pipe network is fully contacted with garbage through the disinfection pipe network, so that harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli and the like in the garbage are inhibited or killed.
3. The method for comprehensive treatment of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the sixth step, the sewage treatment process adopts an A2O + AO + precipitation mode.
4. The method for comprehensive treatment of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the seventh step, the solid-liquid separation and sludge treatment technology adopts a screw-stacking dehydrator, and the screw-stacking dehydrator comprises an electric control cabinet, a metering tank, a flocculation mixing tank and a dehydrator main body.
5. The method for comprehensive treatment of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the eighth step, the room for the waste gas treatment equipment and the advanced treatment system are both sealed, the top of the waste gas storage liquid intermediate pool is covered, and waste gas is collected through a pipeline and enters the deodorization system.
6. The method for comprehensive treatment of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the ninth step, the dry desulfurization adopts a solid absorbent or an adsorbent to remove hydrogen sulfide or organic sulfur in the waste gas, and the methane storage system mainly comprises a double-membrane dry gas storage cabinet and a CSTR anaerobic reactor.
7. The method for comprehensive treatment of anaerobic composting fermentation and reduction of kitchen waste in the whole process according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the ninth step, the methane comprehensive treatment and utilization technology further comprises a methane utilization system, and the methane utilization system utilizes energy for secondary utilization in a methane boiler or a methane power generation mode.
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| CN114042738A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-02-15 | 湖北天宜机械股份有限公司 | Rapid and efficient comprehensive utilization and treatment method for recycling kitchen waste |
| CN114835516A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-02 | 苏州华益洁环境能源技术有限公司 | Biogas slurry anaerobic fermentation treatment process |
| CN115058457A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-16 | 青岛理工大学 | Method for inhibiting hydrogen sulfide generation and improving biogas yield in kitchen garbage dry fermentation process |
| CN115318091A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-11 | 河南卡卓生物科技有限公司 | A high-efficient deodorizing device of biotechnology for bio-organic fertilizer |
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| CN115318091A (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2022-11-11 | 河南卡卓生物科技有限公司 | A high-efficient deodorizing device of biotechnology for bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN115318091B (en) * | 2022-08-10 | 2023-11-03 | 山西绿福园农业开发有限责任公司 | A high-efficient deodorizing device of biotechnology for bio-organic fertilizer |
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