CN112402493A - 加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂制备及应用方法 - Google Patents
加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂制备及应用方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂制备及应用方法,所述制剂由以下重量份的原料制备获得:甘草300~400、黄芪100~200、大黄50~150、穿心莲200~300、龙胆100~350、柴胡50~150、茯苓50~100、羧甲基淀粉钠500~1000;其制备方法包括:1)按重量配比将黄芪、大黄、穿心莲、龙胆混合并粉碎,形成组方A;2)按重量配比将甘草、柴胡、茯苓混合并粉碎,形成组方B;3)酒精溶液中添加Na2CO3,形成提取液A+;4)酒精溶液调节酸碱度为1~6,形成提取液B+;5)组方A加入提取液A+浸泡、回流提取、分离提取液、浓缩得提取物C;6)组方B加入提取液B+浸泡、回流提取、分离提取液、浓缩得提取物D;7)将提取物C和提取物D混合;制备得到的制剂能对鱼类促进生长和保肝护胆。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中草药技术领域,具体涉及治疗水产养殖对象尤其是鱼类肝胆疾病并能促进生长的复方中草药组合物的制备工艺及其在水产养殖上的应用。
背景技术
近年来,随着民众物质生活水平的不断提升,健康饮食的理念在普通民众中的呼声也越来越高,低脂肪高蛋白的水产类食品越来越受到青睐,其中越来越多的名特优类水产品逐步走向千家万户,而加州鲈由于其肉质鲜美,营养丰富所以深受广大民众喜爱,市场价格居高不下。为了满足民众日益增长的物质需求,加州鲈高密度以及集约化的养殖模式也逐步在养殖团体中推广开来,由此而来的疾病也层出不穷,特别是肝胆类疾病,几乎贯穿了鱼类的整个养殖周期,此外,患肝胆疾病的病原体很容易感染一系列并发症导致养殖对象死亡率极高,甚至达到清塘的程度,该类疾病是制约水产养殖经济效益的头号悍匪,其发生严重影响水产养殖的经济效益。
当前针对于肝胆疾病的治疗方式一般采用两种方式:1、养殖环境控制:定期对养殖水体进行解毒、改底、补充微生态制剂等方案将养殖环境调整到最适宜鱼类生长。2、采用中草药类进行防治。第一种方案成本投入大且由于养殖品种、地域的不同而存在一定的不可复制性,且该方案对养殖人员的技术水平要求也比较高,人员投入量也较大;第二种方案是目前国内采用的比较先进的应对方式,但是由于加工工艺比较粗放,而且大多数企业对种中草药没有明确的认识,仅仅将一些中草药根茎叶直接粉碎拌料投喂或者制作成药饵。由于水产动物对粗纤维的消化能力有限,而且中草药多为植物的根、茎、皮、叶等,粗纤维含量很高,有效的药用成分大都包含于植物细胞组织中,不能很好的发挥作用,所以这种方法吸收慢,用药量大且无法确定药物的使用量,由此反而会对养殖对象产生负影响,同时成本投入极大但是收效甚微。这也就是中草药保肝护肝的呼声很高,实际的市场的反应平平的主要原因。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的是在传统的君、臣、佐、使的中药理论指导下筛选优秀的中药组方并结合现代化中药提取工艺,将有效成分分类提取、浓缩后制作成一种吸收快,无污染,无残留的绿色健康药剂,该药剂主要功能在于能够明显促进水产养殖对象的生长,保护肝脏健康且在一定程度上能够治疗水产养殖对象肝胆疾病的复方中草药制剂及其制备方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种含上述复方中草药制剂的拌料内服的应用方法及其在加州鲈的养殖过程中的应用。
本发明的复方中草药在加州鲈养殖过程中定期投喂,全程养护肝胆,在一定程度上降低肝胆疾病的发生,从而降低由肝胆问题而引起的免疫下降、细菌感染,虫害等疾病的发生,在增免、促生长及降低饵料比方面有着明显的临床实用效果,使得养殖户取得最终的经济效益。
为实现以上目的,本发明采用的第一个技术方案是:
一种加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂,由以下重量份的原料制备获得:
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂,由以下重量份的原料制备获得:
本发明采用的第二个技术方案是:
一种上述提供的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,包括上述提供的重量份的原料,并包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量配比将黄芪、大黄、穿心莲、龙胆混合并粉碎,形成组方A;
(2)按重量配比将甘草、柴胡、茯苓混合并粉碎,形成组方B;
(3)酒精溶液中添加Na2CO3,形成提取液A+;
(4)酒精溶液调节酸碱度为1~6,形成提取液B+;
(5)组方A加入提取液A+浸泡、回流提取、分离提取液、浓缩得提取物C;
(6)组方B加入提取液B+浸泡、回流提取、分离提取液、浓缩得提取物D;
(7)将提取物C和提取物D混合,制备得到所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,所述步骤(1)和(2)具体是:
(1)按重量配比将黄芪、大黄、穿心莲、龙胆混合置于80~105℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行60目粉碎,形成组方A;
(2)按重量配比将甘草、柴胡、茯苓混合置于80~105℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行40目粉碎,形成组方B。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,所述步骤(3)和(4)具体是:
(3)无水酒精配置80%的酒精溶液中添加5%的Na2CO3,形成提取液A+;
(4)无水酒精配置70%的酒精溶液,调节酸碱度为1~6,形成提取液B+。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,所述步骤(5)具体是:
(5)组方A和提取液A+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮补充提取液A+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮补充提取液A+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为60~80℃,收集清洗液置于储罐,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末提取物C。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,所述步骤(6)具体是:
(6)组方B和提取液B+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为60~80℃,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末提取物D。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,所述步骤(5)、(6)和(7)具体还包括:
(5)组方A和提取液A+提取后,剩余药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(6)组方B和提取液B+提取后,剩余药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(7)将提取物C和提取物D与辅料及对应药渣进行混合,制备得到所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂是粉散剂。
本发明采用的第三个技术方案是:
一种上述提供的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,用麦芽糊精作为粘合剂固定所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂用麦芽糊精作为粘合剂固定后按比例添加至饲料中。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂和麦芽糊精按照1:10进行混合,加入30倍的自来水进行充分溶解后与饲料进行均匀混合,置于65℃烘箱中烘干或者阴凉通风处晾干制得饵料。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,所述饵料应用于淡水加州鲈养殖。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,所述饵料以加州鲈4~6cm苗种期养殖开始投喂。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,所述饵料中所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂含量为0.15%-0.6%。
优选地,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,所述饵料中所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂含量为0.3%。
本发明的原理是:
甘草:甘草甘温,调和诸药,炙则温中,生则泻火,甘草。其性味甘平,归心、肺、脾、胃经,具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功效;现代药理研究表明,甘草含有甘草总黄酮、甘草酸、甘草次酸、三萜类、甘草苷等成分,具有抗氧化、抗炎调节免疫、抗溃疡、抗肝纤维化等多方面作用。相关研究证实,甘草酸对肝细胞凋亡和肝纤维化有抑制作用,其主要机制是抑制了肝星状细胞系HSC的活化,并能调节肝纤维化相关因子、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白、结缔组织生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶2和基质金属蛋白,为其治疗肝纤维化提供了实验依据。进一步研究发现,18α-甘草酸对四氯化碳诱导的肝纤维化大鼠也具有治疗作用,其作用机制主要是抑制Ⅰ型胶原和Ⅲ型胶原的表达,抑制TGF-β/Smad信号通路。因此,18α-甘草酸可能在多个水平上抑制转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的促纤维化作用,抑制肝纤维化。
黄芪:黄芪味甘,性微温,归肺、脾、肝、肾经。具补气固表、利尿、强心、降压、抗菌、托毒、排脓、生肌、加强毛细血管抵抗力、止汗和类性激素的功效,治表虚自汗、气虚内伤、脾虚泄泻、浮肿及痈疽等。黄芪能显著促进机体的抗体生同时参与机体免疫调节从而增强生物机体的免疫功能,近年来,黄芪在水产养殖上的研究逐步深入,相关研究表明,黄芪的添加可以有效促进黄鳝的增长速度,提高黄鳝血液中白细胞的吞噬活性,血清的溶菌酶活性和SOD活性、同时随中心粒细胞、吞噬细胞以及巨噬细胞的数量也有明显的促进作用,从而提高养殖对象的非特异性免疫功能。
大黄:大黄味苦,性寒,归脾、胃、大肠、心、肝经,其药效作用非常广泛,其中,大黄的主要成分大黄酸作为多种中药材的有效成分在抗炎、降低纤维化等药理活性方面有着较为明显的疗效,相关研究表明,大黄酸在仔鱼的肾脏损伤中具有肾脏保护作用,在对斑马的内服试验中也证明了大黄素能够有效改善斑马幼鱼显著降低非酒精性脂肪肝斑马鱼的死亡率并且能够显著改善斑马鱼幼鱼肝脏脂质沉积情况。在对大鼠的内服研究也表明发黄素能降低糖尿病肾病鼠的尿蛋白水平,减轻肾脏肥大。
穿心莲:性寒、味苦,归肺、胃、大肠、小肠经,具有清热解毒,燥湿之功效,穿心莲中主要的成分为内酯类和黄酮类。在水产养殖上,就穿心莲而言,主要在鱼类细菌性的消化系统病症的防治过程中进行应用,这是人们常说的苦胆草和一见喜,具有非常高的药用价值,具有比较高的解毒功效和消炎效果,在鱼类的很多细菌性感染中都应用穿心莲进行防治。另有研究表明,将穿心莲浸膏粉添加到罗非鱼饲料中,可显著降低其肝脏中MDA含量,并显著提高其血清中SOD活力,而且能显著增强鱼类血液以及体表粘液中的溶菌酶活性。
龙胆:性寒,味苦,归肝、胆经。为龙胆科植物龙胆草的根部组织作为药用,现代研究表明龙胆具有保肝、利胆、抗炎、抗氧化等作用。而龙胆苦苷则是龙胆抗肝损伤的主要活性成分,含量可高达5%左右。龙胆苦苷具有强烈苦味,是龙胆药苦寒的物质基础。近年来国内外研究学者们考察了龙胆的提取物,并进行临床药理实验。实验结果表明,龙胆苦苷对CLP诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤具有一定的保护效应,其作用可能与抑制炎症反应及抗氧化作用有关。其次龙胆中的植物多糖可不同程度地升高正常小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数,显著提高正常小鼠的单核巨噬细胞系统的吞噬功能,同时也能显著升高小鼠血清的半数溶血值,表明龙胆多糖可增强小鼠的非特异性免疫功能和特异性体液免疫功能。
柴胡:味苦、性微寒,归肝、胆经。有和解表里,疏肝升阳之功效,研究表明柴胡具有解除肝气瘀滞、镇痛消炎、抗肝脏纤维化的功效,柴胡的有效成分“柴胡皂苷”有降低胃蛋白酶活性、抑制胃液分泌和缩小溃疡面积的作用,因此应用柴胡治疗消化系统疾病已成为近年来研究的热点;此外,柴胡对肝组织纤维化的研究也逐步深入,研究表明中药组方“柴胡疏肝散”可通过显著抑制肝脏中的IL-1、TNF-α、TGF-β1、ɑSMA的基因表达从而治疗肝纤维化,同时TGF-β1蛋白和ɑ-SMA蛋白的表达与HYP、IL-1、TNF-α含量均成正相关。另有研究表明,用添加2%柴胡(水提物)的配合饲料饲喂规格63g±0.76g的美国红鱼,以基础饲料为对照,投喂柴胡后的第3d,白细胞吞噬百分比和吞噬指数与对照组差异极显著;投药28d后,利用哈维氏弧菌人工感染美国红鱼,实验组的相对免疫保护率高达75%。由此可见柴胡具有较突出的促进美国红鱼免疫机能的功效。
茯苓:味甘、淡,性平。归心、肺、脾、肾经;相关研究数据显示,茯苓主要含有的化学成分是多糖类、三萜类、甾醇类等,具有抗肿瘤、免疫调节、抗炎、抗氧化、保肝等多种生物活性。茯苓多糖是茯苓的主要活性成分,含量可达茯苓干重的84%,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗炎、抗衰老和增强免疫力作用。茯苓多糖经化学修饰后能增强其生物学活性;在水产养殖临床试验中也证明了茯苓多糖能降低点带石斑鱼血液白细胞吞噬指数。也就意味着茯苓多糖能提高点带石斑鱼非特异性免疫力;此外在中华鳖饵日料中添加茯苓多糖也显示出该物质对中华鳖的非特异性免疫功能有增强作用。
本发明与当前水产复方中草药相比较具有以下优点:
(1)本发明改变了长久以来水产中草药的超微粉碎拌料内服及中草药熬制汤剂拌料内服的使用模式,传统方式操作流程繁琐且由于水产养殖主要在水体进行饵料投喂,故传统的用药模式实际内服吸收效率较差,疗效甚微。本发明有针对性的选择龙胆和柴胡作为主要功能成分,利用柴胡防止肝纤维化,龙胆修复受损的肝细胞,并通过其他中草药的复方组合物的中草药提取物作为内服切入点来进行功能性的肝胆保护,试验表明该组方能够有效的降低加州鲈养殖过程中的肝胆类疾病,对日常养殖过程中的白肝、花肝以及肝组织硬化等疾病有着明显的改善。
(2)本发明另一个大的亮点就在于没有副产物,不会造成环境污染,对所产生的药渣进行二次微生物发酵处理后直接投入组方中;一方面不会产生二次的环境污染,属于环境友好型的提取模式,另一方面中药提取残渣经过复方微生物发酵后,药渣中残留的营养物质会被进一步释放出来加以利用,最大限度的提高中草药的利用率。
(3)本发明的第三个亮点在于,在临床投喂加州鲈鱼的过程中可以明显提高加州鲈鱼的生长速度,其中0.3%的添加量可以将提高加州鲈的生长速度提高48.1%,饵料系数由空白组的1.09下降至试验组的0.60。
附图说明
图1、促生长第一轮试验中加州鲈空白组与两个试验组在增重率、特定生长率以及饵料系数的差异曲线图;
图2、促生长第二轮试验中加州鲈空白组与两个试验组在增重率、特定生长率以及饵料系数的差异曲线图;
图3、促生长第一轮试验中加州鲈空白组与两个试验组在增重率、特定生长率以及饵料系数的数据汇总表;
图4、促生长第二轮试验中加州鲈空白组与两个试验组在增重率、特定生长率以及饵料系数的数据汇总表;
图5、加州鲈实验组和对照组肝体比均值曲线图;
图6、保肝护胆药物试验中、空白组和两个实验组肝胆组织差异组图。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明作的实施例进行详细的说明,以便于本领域技术人员理解本发明,但是本发明可以根据权利要求限定和覆盖的多种不同方式实施。
以下提供本发明复方中草药制剂临床养殖试验,需要补充说明的是:以下试验实例实施是说明性的,不是限定性的,不能以下文中的实施案例来限定本发明的保护范畴。本发明所述技术方案如果未经特别说明,均为本领域常规方案,所用原料如未特别说明,均来源于国标商业渠道。
本发明的最终目的是在加州鲈的养殖过程中提供一种保肝护胆的复方中草药制剂,本发明的复方中草药制剂在加州鲈养殖过程中定期投喂,全程养护肝胆,在一定程度上降低肝胆疾病的发生,从而降低由肝胆问题而引起的免疫下降、细菌感染,虫害等疾病的发生,在增免、促生长及降低饵料比方面有着明显的临床实用效果,使得养殖户取得最终的经济效益;本领域的技术人员容易想到,本发明的复方中草药制剂也可用于水产养殖其它鱼类的保肝护胆和促进生长。
实施例1
一种加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂制备方法,具体包括以下组分和制备步骤:
(1)按重量配比将黄芪100~200份、大黄50~150份、穿心莲200~300份、龙胆100~350份混合置于80~105℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行60目粉碎备用,标注“组方A”;
(2)按重量配比将甘草300~400份、柴胡50~150份、茯苓50~150份混合置于80~105℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行40目粉碎备用,标注“组方B”;
(3)无水酒精配置80%的酒精溶液中添加5%的Na2CO3,配置完成后备用,标注“提取液A+”;
(4)无水酒精配置70%的酒精,调节酸碱度1~6,配置完成后标注“提取液B+”;
(5)组方A和提取液A+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮补充提取液A+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮补充提取液A+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为60~80℃,收集清洗液置于储罐,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末C,药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(6)组方B和提取液B+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为60~80℃,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末D,药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(7)将两种组方提取物与常规辅料及对应药渣进行混合,按照常规方法制备得到复方中草药粉散剂。
以上制得的复方中草药粉散剂制备饵料及用于治疗加州鲈肝胆疾病的方法:根据临床试验要求,以加州鲈4~6cm苗种期养殖开始投喂,验证加州鲈苗种及成鱼的饲料添加比例,以加州鲈0#料为拌料参考,用麦芽糊精作为粘合剂进行药物固定。具体流程:事先制备的目标中草药和麦芽糊精按照1:10进行混合,加入30倍的自来水进行充分溶解后与饲料进行均匀混合,置于65℃烘箱中烘干或者阴凉通风处晾干即可。
实施例2
一种加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,具体包括以下组分和制备步骤:
(1)按重量配比将黄芪150份、大黄50份、穿心莲300份、龙胆350份混合置于100℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行60目粉碎备用,标注“组方A”;
(2)按重量配比将甘草300份、柴胡150份、茯苓80份混合置于100℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行40目粉碎备用,标注“组方B”;
(3)无水酒精配置80%的酒精溶液中添加5%的Na2CO3,配置完成后备用,标注“提取液A+”;
(4)无水酒精配置70%的酒精,调节酸碱度1~6,配置完成后标注“提取液B+”;
(5)组方A和提取液A+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮补充提取液A+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮补充提取液A+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为80℃,收集清洗液置于储罐,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末C,药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(6)组方B和提取液B+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为80℃,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末D,药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(7)将两种组方提取物与常规辅料羧甲基淀粉钠620~650份及对应药渣进行混合,按照常规方法制备得到复方中草药粉散剂。
以上制得的复方中草药粉散剂制备饵料及用于治疗加州鲈肝胆疾病的方法:根据临床试验要求,以加州鲈4~6cm苗种期养殖开始投喂,验证加州鲈苗种及成鱼的饲料添加比例,以加州鲈0#料为拌料参考,用麦芽糊精作为粘合剂进行药物固定。具体流程:事先制备的目标中草药和麦芽糊精按照1:10进行混合,加入30倍的自来水进行充分溶解后与饲料进行均匀混合,置于65℃烘箱中烘干或者阴凉通风处晾干即可。
本发明复方中草药制剂的临床试验设定两个空白组,六个实验组,具体药物投喂用量如下表:
第一轮投喂情况
第二轮投喂情况
第三轮投喂情况
实验地点:湖南佳锐思丹维生物科技有限公司水产临床试验基地
实验塘口:随机挑选同等规模的8个加州鲈试验养殖池
促生长用药试验:从7月1号开始,试验周期分别为16天、30天,采用上文所述药物拌料直接投喂,从0#料投喂,通过不间断投喂,试验后期统计加州鲈的末重并计算加州鲈的增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数来判断该复方中草药对加州鲈促进生长方面的影响。
所述的拌料饲料添加:根据上文表述,八个试验塘口分别标注:LKB-1、LKB-2;为空白组,不添加中药。LSY-1、LSY-2、LSY-3为低含量中草药添加实验组第一轮添加0.3%,第二轮添加0.15%,LSY-4、LSY-5、LSY-6为高含量中草药添加实验组,第一轮添加0.6%,第二轮添加0.3%。在试验过程中,第一轮为期16天的实验数据处理后表明从增重率、特定生长率以及饵料系数三个实验结果可以得出该组中草药组方可以有效促进加州鲈苗种的生长,降低饵料比,提高饵料系数上有明显的效果,且0.3%的使用效果明显强于0.6%的添加量。第二轮为期30天的试验数据处理后显示:第二轮周期较长,30天,实验组的添加比例在第一轮的基础上直接减半,实验组和空白组的区别逐渐减小,但是依然可以明显看出LSY-4、LSY-5、LSY-6三组的增重率和特定增长率均处于高位,且饵料系数均比较低,由此可见添加肝方0.3%的饲料添加量可以明显的降低饵料系数,促进加州鲈的生长。所以,两轮实验结论均证明了:在加州鲈的养殖过程中,拌料内服该复方中草药可以明显提高加州鲈的生长速度,提高饵料利用率,降低饵料系数且临床添加比例0.3%为最佳。
保肝护胆药物试验:从9月1号开始。采用人为控制养殖水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量处于较高的浓度,同时提高饲料中蛋白质及脂肪含量这两个方面来增加加州鲈肝胆负荷,对上述8组鱼池中按照不同比例添加复方中草药,试验结束后对鱼池中的鱼进行随机打捞解剖,观察肝脏组织病变情况、肝体比情况来判断该复方中草药的保肝疗效,试验周期30天。
第三轮试验结果显示:1、加州鲈1~2两幼鱼的肝体比一般在1.6%~2.0%范围,从肝体比数据分析上可以看出,空白组的加州鲈肝体比均值在3%以上,随着复方中草药添加量的增加,加州鲈的肝体比呈现下降趋势,由此可见该复方中草药的添加具备一定的保肝护胆功能,且能够有效的降低肝体比。2、由肝脏解剖图可见,空白组加州鲈肝脏处于肝脏疾病发作的第三阶段,大部分呈现出白肝转黄的情况,肝脏组织处于严重肝损伤状态,试验组1~3的肝脏组织大部分处于较为理想的亚健康状态,组织红润,有光泽,可以明显看到血管组织,但依然存在极少量的花肝、白肝现象,总体上看,添加复方中草药比例0.3%后,对加州鲈的肝脏修复存在一定的临床使用效果。实验组4~6的肝方添加量为0.15%,肝脏的解剖直观显示大部分的肝脏组织出现了一定的病变,存在花肝、白肝以及硬化现象,但肝脏受损情况较空白组有一定的好转,可以判定,肝方2的添加量不足,综合以上因素建议肝方的添加量为0.3%。
总结:综合以上三轮实验,该复方中草药具备较为理想的促进加州鲈生长,降低饵料比的临床效果,同时具备良好的保肝护胆疗效,有效降低加州鲈养殖过程中产生的白肝、花肝、肝硬化等肝胆类疾病。
以上实施例仅用于说明本发明的具体实施方式,而不是用于限定本发明,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明所要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
3.一种加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括权利要求1或2所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂对应的重量份的原料,并包括以下步骤:
(1)按重量配比将黄芪、大黄、穿心莲、龙胆混合并粉碎,形成组方A;
(2)按重量配比将甘草、柴胡、茯苓混合并粉碎,形成组方B;
(3)酒精溶液中添加Na2CO3,形成提取液A+;
(4)酒精溶液调节酸碱度为1~6,形成提取液B+;
(5)组方A加入提取液A+浸泡、回流提取、分离提取液、浓缩得提取物C;
(6)组方B加入提取液B+浸泡、回流提取、分离提取液、浓缩得提取物D;
(7)将提取物C和提取物D混合,制备得到所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)、(6)、(7)具体是:
(5)组方A和提取液A+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮补充提取液A+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮补充提取液A+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为60~80℃,收集清洗液置于储罐,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末提取物C,药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(6)组方B和提取液B+按照1:10的比例浸泡过夜后进行第一轮回流提取,3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第二轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:10比例回流提取3h后分离提取液置于储罐,第三轮组方B和提取液B+按照1:8比例回流提取2h后分离提取液置于储罐,第四轮补充水按照1:5比例回流冲洗,提取与药渣冲洗过程中温度为60~80℃,四轮总提取液酒精回收后进行浓缩得棕褐色粉末提取物D,药渣经过二次发酵处理后常温烘干备用;
(7)将提取物C和提取物D与辅料及对应药渣进行混合,制备得到所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂是粉散剂。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)和(4)具体是:
(1)按重量配比将黄芪、大黄、穿心莲、龙胆混合置于80~105℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行60目粉碎,形成组方A;
(2)按重量配比将甘草、柴胡、茯苓混合置于80~105℃烘箱中烘干180分钟后进行40目粉碎,形成组方B;
(3)无水酒精配置80%的酒精溶液中添加5%的Na2CO3,形成提取液A+;
(4)无水酒精配置70%的酒精溶液,调节酸碱度为1~6,形成提取液B+。
6.一种加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-5任一所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,其特征在于,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂用麦芽糊精作为粘合剂固定后按比例添加至饲料中。
8.根据权利要求7所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,其特征在于,所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂和麦芽糊精按照1:10进行混合,加入30倍的自来水进行充分溶解后与饲料进行均匀混合,置于65℃烘箱中烘干或者阴凉通风处晾干制得饵料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,其特征在于,所述饵料应用于淡水加州鲈养殖。
10.根据权利要求9所述的加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂的应用方法,其特征在于,所述饵料中所述加州鲈护肝、促长复方中草药制剂含量为0.15%-0.6%。
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