CN112402363A - 石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂及制备方法 - Google Patents

石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112402363A
CN112402363A CN202011102561.4A CN202011102561A CN112402363A CN 112402363 A CN112402363 A CN 112402363A CN 202011102561 A CN202011102561 A CN 202011102561A CN 112402363 A CN112402363 A CN 112402363A
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黄庆德
冯连晶
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Abstract

本发明涉及药物制剂领域,尤其涉及一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂及制备方法。本发明的温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂是将石杉碱甲二元醇质体分散于温敏凝胶基质中形成。先采用注入法制备石杉碱甲二元醇质体,然后采用冷溶法制备石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶制剂。本发明的一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,经鼻腔给药后达到治疗效果。鼻腔给药吸收快,可以避免首过效应,生物利用度高,机体损伤性小,使用方便。石杉碱甲二元醇质体包封率高,粒径较小,稳定性好;石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶不仅克服二元醇质体流动性较大不方便给药的弊端,而且药物生物利用度更高,并具有一定缓释功能。

Description

石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,尤其涉及一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂及制备方法。
背景技术
石杉碱甲(HuperzineA,HupA)是从中国民间草药千层塔中分离得到的一种新型石松类生物碱有效单体,其分子式为C15H18N2O,分子量为242.3,为白色或类白色的结晶性粉末,其脂溶性较高,油水分配系数logP=0.696。石杉碱甲的分子量较小,具有很强的血-脑屏障通透性,作为一种高效可逆的乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AChE)抑制剂,对治疗阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimer’sdisease,AD)有比较显著的疗效。临床数据表明,石杉碱甲的总体临床安全性良好,不存在剂量限制的肝脏毒性,心血管临床数据也不存在异常。但是,20%~30%的患者服用石杉碱甲后会出现轻中度的呕吐、腹泻、厌食、幻觉及失眠等的不良反应。目前上市的HupA制剂仅有普通片剂、胶囊剂和注射剂,由于患者群体普遍存在依从性不佳的状况,对其剂型的改造势在必行。
鼻腔给药是近二十年才发展起来的全身性给药途径。鼻腔给药吸收快,可以避免首过效应,生物利用度高,机体损伤性小,使用方便,而且该给药途径的脑靶向性也日益受到人们的重视。
脂质体是近年来经鼻给药研究较多的一个热点,但作为透皮(膜)给药普通的脂质体渗透能力有限,为了克服这个劣势,Touitou教授发明一种新型的柔性脂质体—醇质体。其含有高浓度的乙醇20%~50%,是一种多层囊泡结构,其双分子层流动性较高,易于变形可穿透皮肤(黏膜)屏障,增加药物进入血液循环的量。醇质体的促透机制和乙醇以及囊泡结构有关,乙醇一方面改变角质层脂质分子的紧密排列,增加了脂质流动性,另一方面增强了醇质体膜的柔性和流动性,更易于变形,通过比其粒径小的间隙到达皮肤深层。虽然醇质体在经皮(膜)给药方面存在很大的优势,但醇质体中乙醇浓度较高,存在着较大的挥发性,这容易使得醇质体体系稳定性变差,甚至造成药物从醇质体中泄露,长久放置后醇质体体系破坏,出现沉淀,这在一定程度上限制了其应用。而丙二醇是一种黏度较大,挥发性和刺激性都很小的醇,联用混合醇(乙醇、丙二醇)替换单一的乙醇制备醇质体,可以减少乙醇用量、避免药物泄露、防止醇质体间的聚集作用,从而增加其的稳定性,降低其挥发性及对皮肤的刺激性;与普通醇质体相比,采用混合醇(乙醇、丙二醇)制备醇质体,可以发挥两者促进透皮吸收的协同作用,这在一定程度上也增加了药物的透皮(膜)吸收效果。
二元醇质体虽然是经鼻腔给药的优良载体,但其黏度较低,由于鼻纤毛摆动清除机制,二元醇质体在鼻腔的保留时间较短,不利于药物经鼻向脑转运。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题,在于提供一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂及制备方法,对黏膜亲和力强、滞留时间长,有利于药物的吸收。
本发明是这样实现的:
本发明首先提供了一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,是将石杉碱甲二元醇质体分散于温敏凝胶基质中形成。
进一步地,所述石杉碱甲二元醇质体是由石杉碱甲、大豆卵磷脂、表面活性剂吐温-80、乙醇、丙二醇和纯化水组成,其中溶液组成按体积比例如下:乙醇20.0-25.0%、丙二醇20.0-25.0%和50.0-60.0%纯化水,其余组成在所述溶液中的占比按质量体积比如下:石杉碱甲0.1-0.5%、大豆卵磷脂2.5-5.0%、表面活性剂吐温-800.2-0.4%。
进一步地,所述温敏凝胶基质包括泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188,以纯化水和石杉碱甲二元醇质体为总体积计,所述温敏凝胶基质在该总体积中的质量比例分别为泊洛沙姆40720-25%、泊洛沙姆1883-8%。
更进一步地,所述纯化水和石杉碱甲二元醇质体按体积比例如下:石杉碱甲二元醇质体:40-50%;纯化水:50-60%。
本发明还提供了所述石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将石杉碱甲、大豆卵磷脂、吐温-80、乙醇、丙二醇混合,在密闭下搅拌至完全溶解,形成含药二元醇体系溶液,然后在30℃±0.5、搅拌速度为700r/min条件下,将纯化水用恒流泵以1mL/min的速度缓慢加入到上述含药二元醇体系溶液中,完全加入后持续搅拌90min至室温,即得石杉碱甲二元醇质体,4℃条件下保存;
(2)在泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188的混合物中加入纯化水,使其被水润湿,然后放入4℃的冰箱中保存24h以上,直至得到澄清、无团块、分散均匀的空白温敏凝胶溶液,再放入冰水浴中,在不断搅拌下加入所述石杉碱甲二元醇质体,搅拌20min后,即得石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂。
本发明具有如下优点:本发明的一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,经鼻腔给药后达到治疗效果。鼻腔给药吸收快,可以避免首过效应,生物利用度高,机体损伤性小,使用方便。石杉碱甲二元醇质体包封率高,粒径较小,稳定性好;石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶给药前成流动的液体状态,鼻腔给药后,迅速胶凝成凝胶状态,不仅克服二元醇质体流动性较大不方便给药的弊端,而且药物生物利用度更高,并具有一定缓释功能。
附图说明
下面参照附图结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
图1为石杉碱甲二元醇质体的透射电镜图。
图2为石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶对鼻腔纤毛毒性的影响。
图3为石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶体外释放曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1
1.制剂组成:
石杉碱甲二元醇质体:
石杉碱甲:15mg
卵磷脂:540mg
吐温-80:45mg
无水乙醇:3.375mL
丙二醇:3.375mL
纯化水:8.250mL
溶液共15mL。
石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶:
P-407:1380mg
P-188:300mg
纯化水:3mL
石杉碱甲二元醇质体:3mL
溶液共6mL。
2.制备方法:
(1)石杉碱甲二元醇质体的制备方法:
注入法:准确称取配方量的石杉碱甲、大豆卵磷脂,吐温-80,量取一定比例的二元醇相(乙醇:丙二醇),置于锥形瓶中,在密闭下搅拌至完全溶解。在30℃±0.5、搅拌速度为700r/min条件下,将配方量的纯化水用恒流泵以1mL/min的速度缓慢加入到上述含药二元醇体系溶液中,完全加入后持续搅拌90min至室温,即得石杉碱甲二元醇质体,4℃条件下保存。
(2)石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶制剂的制备方法:
冷溶法:称取配方量的泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188,置于西林瓶中,加入配方量纯化水,使其被水润湿,然后将其放入4℃的冰箱中保存24h以上,直至得到澄清、无团块、分散均匀的空白温敏凝胶溶液。将盛有空白温敏凝胶的西林瓶放入冰水浴中,开启电磁搅拌,在不断搅拌中加入配方量的石杉碱甲二元醇质体,搅拌20min后,即得石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶制剂,4℃条件下保存。
3.理化性质:
如图1所示,石杉碱甲二元醇质体的粒径为260nm左右,分布均匀,形态呈球状或类球状。平均Zeta电位-20mv;包封率可达到95%。石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶外观呈半透明均匀细腻的粘稠胶体,pH值为6.5-7.5,胶凝温度为34℃。
本发明的石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶在给药前呈可流动的溶液,进入人体后能紧密填充于组织或腔道间隙,因人体温度高于其相变温度,在给药部位,液体凝胶短时间内胶凝,形成粘度大、难流动的半固体状态凝胶,因此能够方便患者进行局部给药或者在用药部位形成一个局部的药物贮库,使药物的滞留时间增强。
如图2所示,本发明石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶制剂在鼻腔给药后,形成凝胶状态,且对鼻腔纤毛无毒性影响。如图3所示,本发明石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶具有一定缓释功能。
本发明所选的辅料无毒、无刺激性、无鼻腔纤毛毒性;制备工艺简单易行,可工业化生产,制得的产品质量稳定,便于储存运输。
实施例2
石杉碱甲二元醇质体:
石杉碱甲:20mg
卵磷脂:600mg
吐温-80:50mg
无水乙醇:4.0mL
丙二醇:3.0mL
纯化水:8.0mL
共15mL。
石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶:
P-407:1300mg
P-188:320mg
纯化水:3.0mL
石杉碱甲二元醇质体:3.0mL
共6mL。
制备方法同实施例1。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是熟悉本技术领域的技术人员应当理解,我们所描述的具体的实施例只是说明性的,而不是用于对本发明的范围的限定,熟悉本领域的技术人员在依照本发明的精神所作的等效的修饰以及变化,都应当涵盖在本发明的权利要求所保护的范围内。

Claims (5)

1.一种石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,其特征在于:将石杉碱甲二元醇质体分散于温敏凝胶基质中形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,其特征在于:所述石杉碱甲二元醇质体是由石杉碱甲、大豆卵磷脂、表面活性剂吐温-80、乙醇、丙二醇和纯化水组成,其中溶液组成按体积比例如下:乙醇20.0-25.0%、丙二醇20.0-25.0%和50.0-60.0%纯化水,其余组成在所述溶液中的占比按质量体积比如下:石杉碱甲0.1-0.5%、大豆卵磷脂2.5-5.0%、表面活性剂吐温-800.2-0.4%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,其特征在于:所述温敏凝胶基质包括泊洛沙姆407、泊洛沙姆188,以纯化水和石杉碱甲二元醇质体为总体积计,所述温敏凝胶基质在该总体积中的质量比例分别为泊洛沙姆40720-25%、泊洛沙姆1883-8%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂,其特征在于:所述纯化水和石杉碱甲二元醇质体按体积比例如下:石杉碱甲二元醇质体:40-50%;纯化水:50-60%。
5.如权利要求1-4任意一项所述石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将石杉碱甲、大豆卵磷脂、吐温-80、乙醇、丙二醇混合,在密闭下搅拌至完全溶解,形成含药二元醇体系溶液,然后在30℃±0.5、搅拌速度为700r/min条件下,将纯化水用恒流泵以1mL/min的速度缓慢加入到上述含药二元醇体系溶液中,完全加入后持续搅拌90min至室温,即得石杉碱甲二元醇质体,4℃条件下保存;
(2)在泊洛沙姆407和泊洛沙姆188的混合物中加入纯化水,使其被水润湿,然后放入4℃的冰箱中保存24h以上,直至得到澄清、无团块、分散均匀的空白温敏凝胶溶液,再放入冰水浴中,在不断搅拌下加入所述石杉碱甲二元醇质体,搅拌20min后,即得石杉碱甲二元醇质体温敏凝胶鼻腔给药制剂。
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