CN112400868A - 一种纳米农药及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种纳米农药及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112400868A
CN112400868A CN202011383164.9A CN202011383164A CN112400868A CN 112400868 A CN112400868 A CN 112400868A CN 202011383164 A CN202011383164 A CN 202011383164A CN 112400868 A CN112400868 A CN 112400868A
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何华雄
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Nanjing Tuobei New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种纳米农药及其制备方法,一种纳米农药,所述纳米农药均由以下重量百分比原料制成:原药2‑10%、溶剂10‑18%、乳化剂4‑10%、助乳化剂2‑5%、表面活性剂2‑6%、稳定剂0.5%、载体0.05‑1%,水补足。本发明具有如下优势:利用纳米材料的小尺寸、智能表面和界面效应及其药物传输与控释性能,提高药效成分的生物活性与靶标利用率,延长持效期,并从而大幅度提高农药有效利用率,减少施药剂量与次数,降低农药残留和环境污染。

Description

一种纳米农药及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农药技术领域,具体为一种纳米农药及其制备方法。
背景技术
农药残留于污染问题,一直是人们关注的重点,有关资料表明,我国受农药污染的土壤面积已达1600公顷,主要农产品的农药残留量超标率高16%-18%,且由于长期使用某些化学农药,病虫害产生了抗药性,为解决这些问题,近年来利用纳米科学与技术开发高效、安全的农药新剂型,实现化学农药的提质增效、节量减排和降低残留污染,已经成为当前的研究热点。
现有的农药由于病虫抗药性的问题导致其药物的生物活性与靶标利用率低,持效期短,从而使农药的有效利用率低,需要多次施药,使农药的残留多,对环境造成污染。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,提供一种纳米农药及其制备方法,解决现有的农药由于病虫抗药性的问题导致其药物的生物活性与靶标利用率低,持效期短,从而使农药的有效利用率低,需要多次施药,使农药的残留多,对环境造成污染的问题。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种纳米农药,所述纳米农药均由以下质量百分比原料制成:原药2-10%、溶剂10-18%、乳化剂4-10%、助乳化剂2-5%、表面活性剂2-6%、稳定剂0.5%、载体0.05-1%,水补足。
进一步,所述农药原药为杀虫剂或杀菌剂。
进一步,所述农药原药为阿维菌素、百菌清、高效氯氰菊酯、溴菌腈中的一种。
进一步,所述溶剂为乙酸丁酯、异丙基豆蔻酸盐中的一种。
进一步,所述乳化剂为苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或两种。
进一步,所述表面活性剂为聚羧酸盐高分子协同分散剂KY-555。
进一步,所述特殊阴离子表面活性剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯磺酸盐及其醇溶液复配产物中的一种或两种。
进一步,所述稳定剂为丁基羟基茴香醚、二丁基羧基甲苯中的一种。
进一步,所述载体为纳米Ti02。
一种纳米农药的制备方法,所述纳米农药其具体制备方法,包括以下步骤:
先将乳化剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂按照顺序配置到容器中,再加入溶剂,搅拌5-10分钟,并在搅拌过程持续加入定量原药,补充定量水,最后加入载体纳米TiO2,搅拌均匀,形成透明的均相分散体系,即得到所需纳米农药。
本发明提供了一种纳米农药及其制备方法。具备以下有益效果:
(1)、该纳米农药及其制备方法,通过所制得的液体粒径分布在2-100um之间,有助于有效成分传递穿过动植物组织的半透膜,促进了有效成分对靶标的渗透吸收,通过烷基酚聚氧乙烯磺酸盐及其醇溶液,其良好的分散性,能同时赋予一定的湿润性能,通过降低表面张力可纳米微粒的亲水性或亲油性,使体系达到平衡,从而提高农药利用率、减少农药使用量、降低农药残留,减少环境污染。
(2)、该纳米农药及其制备方法,通过苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚,能够改善乳化体中各种构成相之间的表面张力,形成均匀分散的体系,促进有效成分对靶标的渗透吸收,改善农药的叶面附着、滞留与覆盖性能,提高农药有效利用率,可达60%,并减少农药流失,改善农药对靶标的作用方式、虫体及病原侵入途径与效率,提高生物活性与毒杀效果。
(3)、该纳米农药及其制备方法,通过药物的包埋吸附效果达到高效载药,实现药物控释、缓释,延长药物的持效期可达10-15天,加速农药残留物降解过程,改善其环境行为与生物安全性,减少农产品残留与环境污染,增强化学防治对生态环境的安全性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
在相同实验条件下,施用同一种杀虫剂或杀菌剂分别做两组对比实验,进行防治效果统计。
实施案例1
以质量百分比:先加入苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚7%,中碳醇4%,特殊阴离子表面活性剂4%,BHT0.5%,再加入15%乙酸丁酯,混合搅拌均匀,再加入5%阿维菌素原药,水补足100%,搅拌至混合均匀至透明,再加入0.05%纳米TiO2,即得粒径在2.12um,5%阿维菌素纳米微乳剂。
阿维菌素可用在棉花、果树、蔬菜上防治蓟马、小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、潜叶蛾、叶螨等,按照本发明制得的阿维菌素纳米微乳剂,稀释1000倍后,用在棉花上防治小菜蛾幼虫,根据虫害防效计算方法:
阿维菌素纳米微乳剂防效可达到95%,而普通制剂阿维菌素防效仅有85%。
实施案例2
以质量百分比:加入苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚6%,乙二醇4%,聚羧酸盐高分子协同分散剂(KY-555)3%,BHA0.5%,再加入异丙基豆蔻酸盐16%,混合搅拌均匀,再加入5%百菌清原药,水补足100%,搅拌至混合均匀至透明,再加入0.06%纳米TiO2,即得粒径在3.13um,5%百菌清纳米微乳剂。
百菌清是一种广谱型杀菌剂,可用在麦类、水稻、蔬菜、果树上防治赤霉病、白粉病、炭疽病等,按照本发明制得的百菌清纳米微乳剂,稀释1000倍后,用在小麦上防治小麦赤霉病,根据病害防效计算方法:
百菌清纳米微乳剂防效可达97%,而普通制剂百菌清防效仅有38%。
实施案例3
以质量百分比:加入苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚5%,乙二醇4%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠4%,BHA0.5%,再加入异丙基豆蔻酸盐15%,混合搅拌均匀,再加入5%高效氯氰菊酯原药,水补足100%,搅拌至混合均匀至透明,再加入0.07%纳米TiO2,即得粒径在2.68um,5%高效氯氰菊酯纳米微乳剂。
高效氯氰菊酯主要防治农作物上发生的鳞翅目害虫,具有强毒性,是非内吸性但具备触杀和胃毒作用的杀虫剂。按照本发明制得的高效氯氰菊酯纳米微乳剂,稀释1500倍后,用在棉花上防治棉蚜,根据虫害防效计算方法:
百菌清纳米微乳剂防效可达98%,而普通制剂高效氯氰菊酯防效仅有60%。
实施案例4
以质量百分比:加入苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚6%,乙二醇4%,聚羧酸盐高分子协同分散剂(KY-555)4%,BHA0.5%,再加入异丙基豆蔻酸盐15%,混合搅拌均匀,再加入25%溴菌腈原药,水补足100%,搅拌至混合均匀至透明,再加入0.05%纳米TiO2,即得粒径在4.21um,25%溴菌腈纳米微乳剂。
溴菌腈是一种低毒广谱兼有杀菌、防霉、灭藻性能的化合物,能抑制和铲除细菌、真菌及藻类的生长。按照本发明制得的百菌清纳米微乳剂,稀释1200倍后,用在苹果树上防治炭疽病,根据病害防效计算方法:
溴菌腈纳米微乳剂防效可达95%,而普通制剂百菌清防效仅有67%。
试验证明:使用本发明所制得的农药纳米微乳剂,相同条件下,纳米微乳剂杀虫杀菌剂防治效果明显增强,因此使用纳米微乳剂可减少农药使用剂量从而达到减量增效的目的。
以上实施例仅用于具体说明本发明,而不是对本发明的保护范围进行限制。本领域的技术人员可在了解本发明的精神与原则后对其进行变更与修改而达到等效的目的,而此等变更与修改,皆应涵盖于本发明中。

Claims (10)

1.一种纳米农药,其特征在于,包括以下质量百分比原料:原药2-10%、溶剂10-18%、乳化剂4-10%、助乳化剂2-5%、表面活性剂2-6%、稳定剂0.5%、载体0.05-1%,水补足。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述农药原药为杀虫剂或杀菌剂,所述农药原药为阿维菌素、百菌清、高效氯氰菊酯、溴菌腈中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述溶剂为乙酸丁酯、异丙基豆蔻酸盐中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述乳化剂为苯乙烯基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述助乳化剂为乙二醇、中碳醇中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂为聚羧酸盐高分子协同分散剂KY-555。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述特殊阴离子表面活性剂为烷基酚聚氧乙烯磺酸盐及其醇溶液复配产物中的一种或两种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述稳定剂为丁基羟基茴香醚、二丁基羧基甲苯中的一种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种纳米农药,其特征在于:所述载体为纳米Ti02。
10.一种如权利要求1所述的纳米农药的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米农药其具体制备方法,包括以下步骤:
先将乳化剂、表面活性剂、稳定剂按照顺序配置到容器中,再加入溶剂,搅拌5-10分钟,并在搅拌下加入原药,并补充水至100%,最后加入载体纳米TiO2,搅拌均匀,形成透明的均相分散体系,即为所述纳米农药。
CN202011383164.9A 2020-12-01 2020-12-01 一种纳米农药及其制备方法 Pending CN112400868A (zh)

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