CN112398301A - Hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle and driving method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicle and driving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2793—Rotors axially facing stators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0085—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed
- H02P21/0089—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for high speeds, e.g. above nominal speed using field weakening
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/05—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/06—Rotor flux based control involving the use of rotor position or rotor speed sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/14—Estimation or adaptation of machine parameters, e.g. flux, current or voltage
- H02P21/141—Flux estimation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
- H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The invention provides a hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile and a driving method thereof, wherein the hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor comprises radial stators, axial windings, radial windings and a solid rotor, two sections of rotors which are coaxially connected are arranged in the two radial stators and are coaxially arranged with the radial stators, the axial windings are concentrically arranged in the middle parts of the two sections of rotors and divide the rotors into two parts along the axial direction, permanent magnets are arranged in the rotors to generate radial magnetic poles and axial magnetic poles, and a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets enters the radial stators through the radial magnetic poles and then is interlinked with radial armature windings to form radial main magnetic flux; the other part forms axial main magnetic flux through the interlinkage of the axial magnetic pole and the axial armature winding and finally returns to the permanent magnet of the rotor at the other side, and the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel; the motor end magnetic leakage effect is weakened, the material utilization rate is improved, the power density is improved, the magnetic increasing operation and the flux weakening speed increasing operation can be flexibly realized, and the economic operation range of the motor is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of permanent magnet synchronous motors, and particularly relates to a hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile and a driving method thereof.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Permanent magnet motors are generally classified into four types, permanent magnet direct current motors, asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motors, permanent magnet brushless direct current motors, and speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motors. The permanent magnet DC motor is structurally different from the common DC motor in that the permanent magnet DC motor cancels an excitation winding and a magnetic pole iron core and replaces the permanent magnet DC motor with the excitation winding and the magnetic pole iron core, and has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, high efficiency, small volume and light weight. The brushless DC motor and the speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor have basically the same structure, the stator of the brushless DC motor is provided with a multi-phase winding, and the rotor of the brushless DC motor is provided with a permanent magnet. The asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor and the speed regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor are structurally different mainly in that the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor has a starting winding or an integral iron core with a self-starting function, can realize self-starting, and can be directly connected to a power grid to run without a control system. With the improvement of high temperature resistance and the reduction of cost price of the permanent magnet material, the permanent magnet motor is widely applied in the fields of national defense, industrial and agricultural production, daily life and the like, and simultaneously, the permanent magnet motor also develops towards the direction of high power, high performance and miniaturization. The power range of the permanent magnet motor can be from several milliwatts to several megawatts at present, the application range can be from toy motors, industrial drives to ship traction, and in recent years, the rapid development of electric automobile technology and the rapid increase of market demand bring new development opportunities to the permanent magnet motor industry. Compared with the traditional induction motor, the driving system taking the permanent magnet synchronous motor as the main driving motor can obviously improve the overall driving efficiency of the electric automobile, reduce the weight of the vehicle-mounted driving system and increase the endurance mileage, and is the popular research direction of the permanent magnet synchronous motor in recent years.
However, the inventor knows that the existing ac pm synchronous motor has the following technical disadvantages when applied to the vehicle-mounted main driving motor:
firstly, because the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet of the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor is fixed and the main flux is not adjustable, the constant power operation range of the motor is narrow, and the speed regulation range is not wide enough, so that the application of the permanent magnet synchronous motor as a main driving motor of an electric automobile is limited to a great extent.
When the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor normally operates, id is usually kept to be zero, and torque is generated only through q-axis current; and in the field weakening operation, id is not equal to 0, and the demagnetization of the rotor magnetic pole is realized by applying d-axis current to the armature winding. The d-axis current of the winding is generated by a power inverter of the motor, so that the amplitude of the current of the winding of the motor can be obviously increased when the motor performs field weakening control, and the actual working capacity of the power inverter is greatly increased; especially when the motor needs to be subjected to deep flux weakening, in order to provide a sufficiently large d-axis current, the power angle of the motor is rapidly reduced, and the motor current rapidly exceeds the power rated capacity of the inverter. Therefore, for the permanent magnet synchronous motor which needs to be operated at the flux weakening speed expansion, extra measures and methods are usually needed for flux weakening regulation.
In the existing rotor structure of the built-in permanent magnet synchronous motor, the rotor permanent magnet realizes the magnetic gathering effect through various arrangement combinations, so that the magnetic pole of the rotor iron core has high magnetic density and large leakage flux. The rotor leakage flux is closed through the end part or the end cover of the motor rotor, and the total magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet is constant, so that the magnetic fields at the two end parts of the motor are not uniformly distributed, the effective flux utilization rate of the motor is reduced, and the power density and the torque density of the motor are reduced. In order to overcome the influence of end leakage magnetic flux, during actual design, the motor rotor often adopts an overhang structure, the structure enables the axial length of a rotor core to be larger than the axial length of a stator core of the motor, but the structure obviously increases the axial length of the motor, so that the material consumption and the manufacturing cost of an iron core of the motor are increased, and the structure does not essentially play a role in inhibiting the end leakage magnetic flux.
Fourthly, according to the difference of paths through which the d-axis magnetic flux passes when the motor operates in a weak magnetic field mode, the rotor structure of the existing built-in permanent magnet motor can be divided into two types: in the first type, when weak-field control is performed, d-axis magnetic flux generated by an armature winding can directly pass through a permanent magnet of a motor, so that the structure can cause irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet; in the second category, when the field weakening control is carried out, the d-axis magnetic flux generated by the armature winding does not directly pass through the permanent magnet, but the excitation magnetic field generated by the d-axis current forces more rotor magnetic flux to pass through the end part and the end cover of the motor to be closed, the structure obviously increases the leakage magnetic flux of the motor, and meanwhile, the end part magnetic resistance of the motor is usually much larger than the air gap magnetic resistance, so that the d-axis current required by the field weakening is larger, and the cost of the motor power inverter and the winding copper consumption are obviously increased.
Fifthly, the armature counter electromotive force harmonic of the existing permanent magnet synchronous motor is large, and the problem of cogging torque is prominent, so that serious vibration and noise are caused. At present, a method of a stator skewed slot or a rotor skewed pole is generally adopted to improve back electromotive force harmonic waves and weaken cogging torque, but the processing technology of the stator skewed slot and the rotor skewed pole is complex, the manufacturing cost is greatly increased, the average electromagnetic torque of the motor can be reduced to a certain extent, and the torque density and the power density of the motor are reduced.
Under the conditions, an alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor which is small in end magnetic leakage, high in magnetic flux utilization rate, good in back electromotive force sine degree, flexible in magnetic adjustment and small in required power inverter capacity is sought, and the alternating current permanent magnet synchronous motor is of great importance for improving the driving performance of the electric automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor can fully utilize radial magnetic flux and axial magnetic flux generated by a motor permanent magnet, eliminate end magnetic leakage effect, improve the utilization rate of motor materials, reduce the weight of the motor, improve the power density, flexibly realize the magnetizing operation and the flux weakening speed expansion operation, widen the economic operation range of the motor, and has important significance for improving the performance of the driving motor for the electric automobile.
According to some embodiments, the following technical scheme is adopted in the disclosure:
the utility model provides a hybrid magnetic circuit PMSM for electric automobile, includes radial stator, radial winding, axial winding and rotor, wherein:
the two radial stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is divided into two sections along the axial direction and respectively concentrically arranged in the two radial stators;
the two sections of rotors are coaxial and are arranged in a staggered manner at a set electrical angle, the axial winding is coaxially arranged between the two sections of rotors, and an air gap is arranged between the axial winding and each section of rotor;
the radial windings are arranged in the two radial stator slots;
a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in the rotor to generate radial magnetic poles and axial magnetic poles, one part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets enters the permanent magnets of the rotor after entering the radial stator through the radial magnetic poles and interlinking with the radial armature winding to form radial main magnetic flux, the other part of magnetic flux enters the permanent magnets of the other section of the rotor coaxially through the axial magnetic poles and interlinking with the axial winding to form axial main magnetic flux, and the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel;
in the two radial stators, a rotating magnetic field generated by the radial winding interacts with a magnetic field generated by the corresponding rotor permanent magnet to jointly generate torque;
the axial main flux and the radial main flux are dynamically adjusted by applying different direct-axis currents to the radial winding and the axial winding, so that flux weakening control is realized.
In an alternative embodiment, the two solid rotors are staggered by 360/(2 × p) degrees, p is the number of pole pairs of the motor, and a gap is reserved between the two rotors.
Through the arrangement, the two sections of rotors are staggered by 180 electrical degrees, the axial S pole of one section of rotor is opposite to the axial N pole of the other section of rotor, and a gap is reserved between the two sections of rotors, so that the axial winding is convenient to place.
As an alternative embodiment, the axial winding is a three-phase or multi-phase winding and can generate a rotating magnetic field, and the number of poles of the generated magnetic field is the same as that of the radial magnetic field of the motor;
the axial winding is static, and an air gap is arranged between the axial winding and the rotors on the two sides.
As an alternative embodiment, the two radial stators are coaxially arranged, and radial windings are respectively arranged in the two radial stators, the two radial stators are mutually staggered by 360/(2 × p) degrees, and p is the number of pole pairs of the motor, namely, 180 electrical degrees of stagger;
as an alternative, the radial stator is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, and comprises stator slots, stator teeth and a stator yoke, and radial windings are arranged in the stator slots.
As an alternative embodiment, the rotor is provided with a rotor slot, permanent magnets are arranged in the rotor slot, the permanent magnets realize a magnetic gathering effect through series-parallel combination, and magnetic poles are generated on the rotor and divided into radial magnetic poles and axial magnetic poles, and the number of the poles of the axial magnetic poles is equal to that of the radial magnetic poles.
In an alternative embodiment, the radial magnetic pole faces a radial stator of the motor, a radial air gap is formed between the radial magnetic pole and the stator, the axial magnetic pole is processed into a salient pole sector ring shape and faces an axial winding of the motor, and an axial air gap is formed between the axial magnetic pole and the axial winding.
Alternatively, the axial winding may be fixed using a material such as resin or may be processed using a printed circuit board.
As an alternative embodiment, the radial main magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet interacts with the magnetic field generated by the radial armature winding to generate torque, and the axial main magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet interacts with the magnetic field generated by the axial armature winding to generate torque;
the motor has two radial and axial magnetic flux loops, so that the end part has small magnetic flux leakage, high magnetic flux utilization rate and high power density and torque density.
When the motor normally operates, the axial winding can generate d-axis current and q-axis current at the same time, the d-axis current and the q-axis current can be divided into demagnetizing current and magnetizing current according to different directions of the d-axis current, an exciting magnetic field generated by the d-axis demagnetizing current enables most of magnetic flux generated by the rotor to enter the radial iron core along a radial magnetic circuit, at the moment, the radial magnetic flux is increased, the back electromotive force of the radial winding is increased, the radial magnetic flux of the rotor and the magnetic field generated by the radial winding interact to generate main torque, the other small part of magnetic flux axially enters the permanent magnet of the rotor on the other side, and the part of magnetic flux and the; the excitation magnetic field generated by the d-axis magnetizing current enables more rotor magnetic fluxes to enter the permanent magnet of the rotor on the other side along the axial direction, the main magnetic flux is closed along the axial direction, at the moment, the radial magnetic flux is reduced, the back electromotive force of the radial winding is reduced, the radial part of the motor works under the condition of weak magnetism, weak magnetism speed-expanding operation is realized, and the axial magnetic flux interacts with the q-axis current of the axial winding to generate power-assisted torque.
When the motor normally operates, the axial winding can only generate d-axis magnetizing or demagnetizing current for regulating radial magnetic flux, and the axial winding only plays a role in regulating the magnetic flux and does not generate torque; similarly, the radial winding can only generate d-axis magnetizing or demagnetizing current for adjusting axial magnetic flux, and the radial winding only plays a role in adjusting the magnetic flux and does not generate torque;
as an alternative embodiment, the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding may be single-layer windings, or multi-layer windings, and may be three-phase windings or multi-phase windings, and the number of poles of the magnetic field generated by the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding is equal to the number of poles of the rotor. Wherein, the number m of motor phases is more than or equal to 3, and the number p of pole pairs is more than or equal to 1.
Alternatively, the opposite ends of the two rotors are each machined in the shape of a salient sector ring to form axial poles.
An electric automobile comprises the hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor.
When no current is applied to a no-load winding of the motor, a part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters a radial stator iron core to be interlinked with a radial armature winding after passing through a radial magnetic pole and a radial air gap to form radial main magnetic flux, the other part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet is interlinked with an axial winding after passing through an axial magnetic pole and an axial air gap to form axial main magnetic flux, the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel, and the lengths of the radial air gap and the axial air gap are respectively set to control the radial main magnetic flux and the axial main magnetic flux when the motor is in no-load.
Because the total magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet is constant, and because the radial main magnetic flux and the axial main magnetic flux of the motor are in parallel connection, when d-axis demagnetization current is applied to the radial armature winding, the radial main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, and the axial main magnetic flux of the motor is increased, and conversely, when d-axis demagnetization current is applied to the axial armature winding of the motor, the axial main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, and the radial main magnetic flux of the motor is increased.
When the motor does not need weak magnetism during normal work, d-axis demagnetization current is applied to an axial armature winding of the motor, the radial main flux of the motor is increased, the radial magnetic density of the motor is also increased, and the motor can output larger torque and power; when the motor needs to carry out field weakening and speed expansion, d-axis demagnetizing current of the axial armature winding is reduced, radial main flux of the motor is reduced at the moment, radial magnetic flux density is reduced along with the reduction of the d-axis demagnetizing current, field weakening operation of the motor is realized, the rotating speed of the motor is improved, q-axis current can be applied to the axial armature winding at the moment, power-assisted torque is generated to the motor, the torque output capacity of the motor during field weakening operation is improved, and the power density and the torque density of the motor are further improved.
As an optional implementation manner, the radial stator generates a main driving torque, and the axial winding realizes a magnetic modulation function and generates an assisting torque, specifically including:
when the motor works normally and does not need weak magnetic operation, the axial armature winding and the radial armature winding only apply q-axis current, the radial main magnetic flux and the radial armature winding magnetic field of the motor generate main driving torque, and the axial main magnetic flux and the axial armature winding magnetic field of the motor generate power-assisted torque;
when the motor needs to perform flux weakening operation, d-axis magnetizing current is applied to the axial armature winding to force the magnetic flux of more rotor permanent magnets to be closed after passing through the axial winding and the axial air gap, the radial main magnetic flux of the motor is reduced, the axial main magnetic flux is increased, a radial magnetic circuit of the motor works under a flux weakening condition, q-axis current is simultaneously applied to the axial armature winding to generate boosting torque together with the axial main magnetic flux, and the torque density and the power density of the motor during flux weakening operation are increased;
when the motor needs to be subjected to magnetizing operation, d-axis demagnetizing current is applied to the axial armature winding to force more rotor magnetic flux to enter the radial stator along the radial direction, the radial main magnetic flux of the motor is increased, the axial main magnetic flux is reduced, the radial motor works under the magnetizing working condition and is used for improving the torque output capacity, q-axis current can be simultaneously applied to the axial armature winding to generate boosting torque together with the axial main magnetic flux, and the torque density and the power density of the motor are increased.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of this disclosure is:
1. the invention is a motor structure, which is different from most existing structures, wherein one stator is arranged inside a motor rotor and is an inner stator, and the other stator is arranged outside the rotor and is an outer stator. The motor heat dissipation of the structure is concentrated in the axial direction of the motor, the heat load of the motor is very high, the inner stator is not directly connected with the external environment, and the heat dissipation of the motor is difficult. The motor of the invention is provided with two radial stators and a set of axial winding, the two stators of the structure are respectively arranged on two sides of the motor along the axial direction, the radial stators are completely the same as the stators of the common permanent magnet synchronous motor, the radial stators are coaxially arranged on the outer side of the permanent magnet rotor, part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet of the motor rotor enters the radial stators to form radial main magnetic flux through an air gap along the radial magnetic pole, the radial stators are provided with the radial winding, the axial winding is arranged in the middle of the rotor, the axial winding is coaxially opposite to the rotor, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet of the rotor enters the rotor on the other side along the axial direction, and the two stator shells are both arranged outside the motor and.
2. The motor is of a built-in rotor structure and has the advantages of good structure compactness, high effective air gap flux density, easiness in high-speed rotation, high torque density and the like.
3. The motor is a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a mixed magnetic circuit, and a part of magnetic flux generated by a permanent magnet reaches a radial stator through a radial air gap along the radial direction of the motor to form a radial main magnetic flux path of the motor; and the other part of the magnetic flux axially passes through the axial air gap to reach the rotor at the other side of the motor and enters the permanent magnet to form a main magnetic flux path in the axial direction of the motor. The radial magnetic flux and the end magnetic flux of the permanent magnet rotor in the motor are fully utilized, the end magnetic leakage flux of the motor is small, the utilization rate of the magnetic flux is improved, the magnetic field distribution at the end of the motor is effectively improved, and the power density and the torque density of the motor are improved.
4. The motor can carry out weak magnetic speed-expanding operation, d-axis current and q-axis current are simultaneously applied to the axial winding when the motor normally operates, a magnetic field generated by the d-axis current enables most of magnetic flux generated by the rotor to enter the radial iron core along the radial direction, the magnetic flux and the magnetic field generated by the radial stator winding interact to generate main torque, the other small part of magnetic flux enters the other side of the rotor along the axial direction, the other part of magnetic flux and the q-axis current of the axial winding interact to generate power-assisted torque, namely, the axial winding plays a role in increasing the radial main magnetic flux of the motor and generating the power-assisted torque when the motor normally operates; when the motor needs to operate at a flux-weakening speed-expanding state, the d-axis current of the axial winding of the motor is reduced, so that a considerable amount of rotor magnetic flux is closed along an axial path, the radial main magnetic flux of the motor is obviously reduced, the radial stator works under the flux-weakening condition, the speed regulation range of the motor is obviously enlarged, and the flux-weakening speed-expanding is realized.
5. The invention relates to a motor, in particular to a motor which is characterized in that the number of turns of a radial stator winding and an axial winding of the motor is related to the actual number of poles of the motor, the residual magnetic density of a permanent magnet, the placement and combination mode of the permanent magnet and the speed operation range of the motor, and the permanent magnet is reasonably designed and selected according to different main functions (generating main torque or weak magnetic control) borne by the radial part and the axial part of the motor, so that the axial winding part of the motor can effectively change the radial main flux of the motor, thereby having enough weak magnetic capacity, generating enough boosting torque under the condition of not needing weak magnetic, and obviously increasing the power density and the torque density of the motor.
6. The motor can respectively design the shape and size of a radial magnetic pole and an end sector ring magnetic pole of the motor and the number of turns of an armature winding, the harmonic waves weakening the counter electromotive force are counteracted by enabling the phases of the higher harmonics of the counter electromotive force of the radial part and the axial part of the motor to be opposite, and the cogging torque weakening the motor is counteracted by enabling the phases of the cogging torque of the radial part and the axial part of the motor to be opposite, so that the counter electromotive force waveform of the motor is improved and optimized, the cogging torque of the motor is weakened, the vibration and the noise of the motor during the operation are reduced, and the defects that the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor needs to adopt a chute to inhibit the harmonic waves and weaken the cogging torque are.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure and are not to limit the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of the motor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a motor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the motor structure of the present invention;
wherein: 1. radial stator, 2 radial armature winding, 3 solid rotor, 4 permanent magnet, 5 axial armature winding, 6 bearing, 7 radial stator teeth, 8 radial stator yoke, 9 radial stator slot, and 10 axial sector ring.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present disclosure is further described with reference to the following drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.
Conventional ac permanent magnet synchronous motors are generally classified into asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motors and speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motors, and in addition, there are solid rotor permanent magnet synchronous motors.
The structural differences between the asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor and the speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor are as follows: the former has a starting winding or an integral iron core with a self-starting function, can realize self-starting, and can be directly connected to a power grid to operate without a control system. The speed-regulating permanent magnet synchronous motor can be divided into a surface type rotor structure and a built-in type rotor structure according to different mounting modes of permanent magnets on a rotor:
in the surface type rotor structure, a permanent magnet needs to be processed into an arc shape and is directly fixed on the outer surface of a rotor, the permanent magnet directly faces to an air gap of a motor, and magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet directly enters a stator through the air gap to form effective magnetic flux; compared with a built-in rotor structure, the permanent magnet in the surface type rotor structure is directly arranged on the surface of the rotor, the permanent magnet needs to be processed into an arc shape matched with the rotor and the air gap to ensure that a uniform air gap is formed, and due to the fragile characteristic of the permanent magnet material, the precise processing is complex, the requirement on the processing technology is high, and the cost is high. In addition, because the permanent magnet is directly arranged on the surface of the rotor, when the motor runs, the permanent magnet is required to be wound with a weftless tape for binding and fixing due to the action of centrifugal force, so that the permanent magnet is prevented from falling and being damaged when the rotor rotates at high speed; because the air gap flux density of the permanent magnet is in direct proportion to the thickness of the permanent magnet, when the thickness of the permanent magnet is determined, the no-load air gap flux density of the motor is determined, and when the motor is actually designed, the thickness of the permanent magnet of the motor is restricted by the no-load air gap flux density; because the permanent magnet directly faces to the air gap of the motor, when the motor carries out weak magnetic speed expansion control, namely i d is adopted to be not equal to 0 for control, the electric excitation magnetic flux generated by the armature winding can directly pass through the permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is in the risk of irreversible demagnetization; because the magnetic conductivity of the permanent magnet material is very close to that of air, the magnetic resistances of a d axis and a q axis in the surface type rotor structure are approximately equal, the motor can generate electromagnetic torque only by the interaction of a permanent magnet magnetic field and an armature magnetic field when running, the reluctance torque can not be generated, and the torque density and the power density of the motor are lower than those of a built-in rotor structure; and the surface type rotor structure can not place a starting squirrel cage at the outer side of the rotor, and the motor can not realize self-starting.
In the built-in rotor structure, permanent magnets are embedded into a rotor iron core according to certain requirements, the permanent magnets generate magnetic flux in the iron core, the embedded forms of the permanent magnets in the built-in rotor structure are various, and the permanent magnets can be combined in series and parallel according to different requirements to realize a magnetic concentration effect, so that the actual performance requirements are met; compared with a surface type rotor structure, the permanent magnet in the built-in rotor structure is not directly placed on the surface of the rotor, but is embedded into the rotor core in a certain form, the permanent magnet is not directly connected with the air gap of the motor, the permanent magnet is fixed by the permanent magnet groove in the rotor, no weft tape is required to be bound and fixed, the mechanical structure integrity of the rotor is good, and the reliability of the motor is high when the motor rotates at high speed; the permanent magnets can realize the magnetic concentration effect through the flexible combination of series connection and parallel connection, the air gap magnetic density which is much larger than that of a surface type rotor structure can be obtained, and the power density and the torque density of the motor are higher than those of the surface type rotor structure; the pole arc coefficient and the air gap flux density of the motor have no direct relation and can be respectively and independently arranged during design; the d-axis reactance and the q-axis reactance of the rotor have obvious difference, and can generate reluctance torque during operation, so that the power density and the torque density of the motor are obviously improved; when the motor operates at a weak magnetic speed, the d-axis armature magnetic flux can be connected with the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet in parallel, the armature magnetic flux cannot directly pass through the permanent magnet, and the risk of irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet is overcome; in the built-in rotor structure, a starting squirrel cage can be arranged outside the rotor, and the motor can realize self-starting.
Compared with the two permanent magnet synchronous motors, the solid rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor only uses the solid rotor to replace a silicon steel sheet laminated rotor, and has the advantages that eddy current can be generated in the solid rotor, and the eddy current generated when the motor is started interacts with a magnetic field generated by an armature winding to generate starting torque and realize a self-starting function.
The following is further illustrated in connection with more detailed examples:
example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the overall perspective view of the motor is a schematic perspective view, the number of phases of the motor is 3, the number of teeth of the radial stator is 24, the number of slots of the rotor is 8, the number of permanent magnet blocks is 8, the number of radial magnetic poles is 4, and the number of axial magnetic poles is 4, the embodiment includes a radial stator, an axial winding and a rotor, the radial stator is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, as shown in fig. 2, the radial stator includes radial stator teeth 7, a radial stator yoke 8 and radial stator slots 9, a radial armature winding 2 is disposed in the radial stator slots 9, the radial armature winding 2 can be a distributed winding, a concentrated winding or a stacked winding, the number of poles of the radial armature winding is the same as the number of radial magnetic poles of the rotor, the radial stator and the rotor are coaxial, a radial air gap is formed between the radial stator and the rotor, as shown in fig. 3, the axial armature winding 5 is disposed in the middle of the rotor, the pole number of the axial armature winding is consistent with the pole number of the axial magnetic pole of the rotor, the axial winding is concentric with the rotor, an axial air gap is arranged between the axial winding and the rotor, magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters the radial stator iron core through the radial air gap and is interlinked with the radial armature winding to form radial main magnetic flux, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters the permanent magnet of the rotor at the other side through the axial magnetic pole through the axial air gap and is interlinked with the axial armature winding to form axial main magnetic flux, the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel, the radial main magnetic flux and the axial main magnetic flux when the motor is in no load can be controlled by respectively designing the length of the radial air gap and the axial air gap, when the motor is in operation, the axial main magnetic flux and the radial main magnetic flux when the motor is in operation are dynamically adjusted by, therefore, weak magnetic control is realized, and the constant-power operation area of the motor is widened.
The permanent magnet is made of high-performance permanent magnet materials such as neodymium iron boron and rare earth cobalt, or low-performance permanent magnet materials such as aluminum nickel cobalt or ferrite.
The salient pole sector ring shape of the axial magnetic pole can be other salient pole shapes which can meet the distribution of axial windings and rotor magnetic fields, and the height of each salient pole is far greater than the length of a radial air gap and an axial air gap of the motor. The length of the radial air gap and the axial air gap should be an order of magnitude, and the number of turns of the radial armature winding and the number of turns of the axial armature winding are determined by whether the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding are the field regulating winding or the driving winding.
When the permanent magnet synchronous motor works, when the motor is in no-load and no-current, one part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters the radial stator iron core through the radial magnetic pole and the radial air gap to be interlinked with the radial armature winding to form radial main magnetic flux, the other part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters the axial stator iron core through the axial magnetic pole and the axial air gap to be interlinked with the axial armature winding to form axial main magnetic flux, the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel, and the lengths of the radial air gap and the axial air gap can be respectively set to control the radial main magnetic flux and. When the motor is applied with current and operates in a load mode, the motor has three working modes: (1) the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding only apply q-axis current and do not apply d-axis current, at the moment, the radial main magnetic flux and the radial armature winding of the motor generate driving torque, the axial main magnetic flux and the axial armature winding also generate driving torque, and at the moment, the motor outputs the maximum driving torque under the same inverter capacity and the same current; (2) d-axis demagnetization current is applied to the axial armature winding, at the moment, the magnetic flux generated by more permanent magnets is driven by an axial armature magnetic field to enter the radial stator through the radial magnetic pole and the radial air gap, at the moment, the radial main magnetic flux is increased, the axial main magnetic flux is reduced, the radial stator of the motor is in a magnetizing operation state, and the axial winding is in a flux weakening operation state; (3) the axial armature winding applies d-axis magnetizing current, at the moment, the magnetic flux generated by more permanent magnets is driven by the axial armature magnetic field to reach the permanent magnet of the rotor on the other side through the axial sector ring magnetic pole and the axial air gap, at the moment, the axial main magnetic flux is increased, the radial main magnetic flux is reduced, the axial winding of the motor is in a magnetizing operation state, and the radial stator is in a flux weakening operation state. When the motor actually operates, the number of turns of the radial armature winding and the number of turns of the axial armature winding are specifically designed, so that the magnetic increasing operation or the weak magnetic speed increasing operation of the motor can be flexibly realized, and the constant power and the economic operation range of the motor can be effectively widened.
The radial armature winding and the axial armature winding can respectively and independently apply d-axis current and q-axis current, and carry out field enhancement control and field weakening control independently, so that the torque density of the motor is effectively increased, and field weakening and speed expansion of the motor are realized.
When the motor is practically applied, according to the rated rotating speed, the rated torque and the specific performance requirement of the motor in working, whether the radial stator and the axial winding of the motor generate main driving torque or realize a magnetic regulation function is determined by reasonably designing various parameters of the motor, such as the length of a radial air gap, the length of an axial air gap and the number of turns of the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding.
In the above description of the modes, the axial armature winding is taken as a magnetic field regulating winding and the radial armature winding is taken as a driving winding, and similarly, the radial armature winding may be taken as a magnetic field regulating winding and the axial armature winding as a driving winding.
Except for electric automobiles, the permanent magnet synchronous motor is applied as follows:
(1) the field of household appliances: including television audio and video equipment, fans, air conditioners, food processors, beauty tools, range hoods, etc.
(2) The field of computers and their peripherals: including computers (drives, fans, etc.), printers, plotters, optical drives, optical disc recorders, etc.
(3) The industrial production field is as follows: including industrial drives, material processing systems, automation equipment, robots, etc.
(4) The automobile field: the system comprises a permanent magnet starter, a wiper motor, a door lock motor, a seat lifting motor, a sunshade ceiling motor, a cleaning pump motor, a motor for a recorder, a glass lifting motor, a radiator cooling fan motor, an air conditioner motor, an antenna lifting motor, an oil pump motor and the like.
(5) The field of public life: including clocks, beauty machines, vending machines, cash dispensers, cash registers, etc.
(6) The field of transportation: including trolleybuses, aircraft accessories, ships, and the like.
(7) The aerospace field: including rockets, satellites, spacecraft, space shuttles, and the like.
(8) The national defense field: including tanks, missiles, submarines, planes, etc.
(9) The medical field is as follows: including dental burs, artificial hearts, medical instruments, and the like.
(10) The field of power generation: the system comprises a generator for wind power generation, waste heat power generation, small hydroelectric power generation, a small internal combustion generator set, an auxiliary exciter of a large generator and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present disclosure by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a hybrid magnetic circuit PMSM for electric automobile, characterized by: including radial stator, radial winding, axial winding and rotor, wherein:
the two radial stators are coaxially arranged, the rotor is divided into two sections along the axial direction and respectively concentrically arranged in the two radial stators; the two sections of rotors are coaxial and are arranged in a staggered manner at a set electrical angle, the axial winding is coaxially arranged between the two sections of rotors, and an air gap is arranged between the axial winding and each section of rotor;
the radial windings are arranged in the two radial stator slots;
a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in the rotor to generate radial magnetic poles and axial magnetic poles, one part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnets enters the permanent magnets of the rotor after entering the radial stator through the radial magnetic poles and interlinking with the radial armature winding to form radial main magnetic flux, the other part of magnetic flux enters the permanent magnets of the other section of the rotor coaxially through the axial magnetic poles and interlinking with the axial winding to form axial main magnetic flux, and the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel;
in the two radial stators, a rotating magnetic field generated by the radial winding interacts with a magnetic field generated by the corresponding rotor permanent magnet to jointly generate torque;
the axial main flux and the radial main flux are dynamically adjusted by applying different direct-axis currents to the radial winding and the axial winding, so that flux weakening control is realized.
2. The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the two sections of solid rotors are staggered by 360/(2 x p) degrees, p is the number of pole pairs of the motor, and a gap is reserved between the two sections of rotors.
3. The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the axial winding is a three-phase or multi-phase winding and can generate a rotating magnetic field, and the number of poles of the generated magnetic field is the same as that of the radial magnetic field of the motor;
or the axial winding is still and is provided with an air gap with the rotors on the two sides;
or the axial winding is fixed by a resin material or is processed by a printed circuit board.
4. The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the two radial stators are coaxially arranged, radial windings are respectively arranged in the two radial stators, the two radial stators are mutually staggered by 360/(2 x p) degrees, and p is the number of pole pairs of the motor, namely 180 electrical degrees are staggered;
or the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding are single-layer windings, or multilayer windings, or three-phase windings or multi-phase windings, and the number of poles of the magnetic fields generated by the radial armature winding and the axial armature winding is equal to the number of poles of the magnetic poles of the rotor; wherein, the number m of motor phases is more than or equal to 3, and the number p of pole pairs is more than or equal to 1.
5. The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the radial magnetic pole faces a radial stator of the motor, a radial air gap is formed between the radial magnetic pole and the stator, the axial magnetic pole is processed into a salient pole sector ring shape and faces an axial winding of the motor, and an axial air gap is formed between the axial magnetic pole and the axial winding.
6. The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the radial main magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet interacts with a magnetic field generated by the radial armature winding to generate torque, and the axial main magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet interacts with the magnetic field generated by the axial armature winding to generate torque.
7. The hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric vehicles as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: two opposite ends of the two sections of rotors are processed into the shape of a salient pole fan ring to form axial magnetic poles.
8. An electric automobile, characterized by: a hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle comprising the motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The torque driving method of a hybrid magnetic circuit permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by: when no current is applied to the no-load winding of the motor, part of magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet enters the permanent magnet of the rotor after entering the radial stator and linking with the radial armature winding through the radial magnetic pole to form radial main magnetic flux, the other part of magnetic flux enters the permanent magnet of the other section of the rotor coaxially after linking with the axial winding through the axial magnetic pole to form axial main magnetic flux, the radial main magnetic flux is connected with the axial main magnetic flux in parallel, and the radial main magnetic flux and the axial main magnetic flux are respectively set with the lengths of a radial air gap and an axial air gap to control the radial main magnetic flux and the axial.
10. The torque driving method according to claim 9, wherein: the radial stator generates a main driving torque, the axial winding realizes a magnetic regulating function and generates an assisting torque, and the radial stator specifically comprises the following components:
when the motor works normally and does not need weak magnetic operation, the axial armature winding and the radial armature winding only apply q-axis current, the radial main magnetic flux and the radial armature winding magnetic field of the motor generate main driving torque, and the axial main magnetic flux and the axial armature winding magnetic field of the motor generate power-assisted torque;
when the motor needs to perform flux weakening operation, d-axis magnetizing current is applied to the axial armature winding to force the magnetic flux of more rotor permanent magnets to be closed after passing through the axial winding and the axial air gap, a radial magnetic circuit of the motor works under a flux weakening condition, q-axis current is simultaneously applied to the axial armature winding to generate boosting torque with axial main magnetic flux, and the torque density and the power density of the motor during flux weakening operation are increased;
when the motor needs to be subjected to magnetizing operation, d-axis demagnetizing current is applied to the axial armature winding to force more rotor magnetic fluxes to enter the radial stator along the radial direction, and when the motor works under the magnetizing working condition, q-axis current is simultaneously applied to the axial armature winding to generate power-assisted torque together with the axial main magnetic flux, so that the torque density and the power density of the motor are increased;
or, the axial stator produces main drive torque, and radial winding realizes the magnetic modulation function and produces helping hand torque, specifically includes:
when the motor works normally and does not need weak magnetic operation, the axial armature winding and the radial armature winding only apply q-axis current, the axial main magnetic flux and the axial armature winding magnetic field of the motor generate main driving torque, and the radial main magnetic flux and the radial armature winding magnetic field of the motor generate power-assisted torque;
when the motor needs to perform flux weakening operation, the radial armature winding applies d-axis magnetizing current to force more magnetic fluxes of the rotor permanent magnets to be closed after passing through radial air gaps, an axial magnetic circuit of the motor works under a flux weakening condition, the radial armature winding applies q-axis current simultaneously to generate power-assisted torque together with the radial main magnetic flux, and the torque density and the power density of the motor during flux weakening operation are increased;
when the motor needs to be subjected to magnetizing operation, d-axis demagnetizing current is applied to the radial armature winding to force more rotor magnetic fluxes to enter the axial magnetic circuit along the radial direction, and when the motor works under the magnetizing working condition, q-axis current is simultaneously applied to the radial armature winding to generate boosting torque together with the radial main magnetic flux, so that the torque density and the power density of the motor are increased.
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