CN112391464A - 用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒及制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属生物技术领域,涉及一种脑脊液液态活检技术及其试剂盒制备方法,特别涉及通过检测热点基因突变以动态监测胶质瘤患者脑脊液中ctDNA的变化的检测试剂盒及制备方法。本发明主以脑胶质瘤及脑膜瘤为检测对象,基于高通量基因测序的检测方法,监测胶质瘤及脑膜瘤患者脑脊液中ctDNA的变化,通过筛选针对胶质瘤及脑膜瘤相关的主要突变基因,液态活检基因试剂盒,本发明可通过动态监测手术、放化疗前/后胶质瘤患者基因的变化,开展基因导向的胶质瘤的分子诊断,包括手术切除最小残留病灶,假性进展或者复发、监测对放化疗的反应、耐药性的变化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属生物技术领域,涉及一种脑脊液液态活检技术及其试剂盒制备方法,特别涉及通过检测热点基因突变以动态监测胶质瘤患者脑脊液中ctDNA的变化的检测试剂盒及制备方法。
背景技术
现有技术公开了有关动态、低创液体活检在肿瘤起源的循环DNA、RNA或循环肿瘤细胞等检测方面取得的进展,如,Rhodes等(1994)在一例胶质瘤患者的脑脊液中检测到了肿瘤特异性的P53基因突变。Yuxuan Wang等(2015)对35例原发性中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤进行靶向测序或全基因组测序,发现所有靠近脑脊液间隙的髓母细胞瘤、室管膜瘤和高等级胶质瘤均可检出至少一种突变。Changcun Pan等(2018)中国学者发现对于9例髓质和23例弥漫内生型脑桥胶质瘤(DIPG),至少超过82.5%的CSF ctDNA样本检测到有一个肿瘤特异性突变,并且与组织分子病理匹配性非常好。2019年初,自然杂志对胶质瘤脑脊液和与组织分子病理进行比对,也证实匹配性非常好。但目前为止,有关对胶质瘤患者进行脑脊液ctDNA基因突变进行动态检测的研究尚不多见,迄今尚未见有关胶质瘤软脑膜脊髓转移与非软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤是否存在基因差异的报导,以及尚未有研究将有胶质瘤相关的所有热点基因进行汇总,进行综合分析检测的报道。
目前,业内有认为,颅外以及软脑膜脊髓转移的发生概率较小,但随着现代诊疗技术特别是核磁共振技术的进步,患者生存期的延长以及临床医生对该现象的重视与关注,软脑膜转移发病率呈增高趋势。临床研究实践显示,脊髓播散多发生在疾病晚期,一旦出现脊髓播散,提示患者预后较差;目前,软脑膜脊髓转移主要依据影像学检查,患者一旦出现软脑膜脊髓转移,手术及活检的可能性较小,目前尚未有明确的分子谱及较好的临床细胞学病理诊断方法。
基于现有技术的现状,本申请的发明人拟提供一种用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒及制备方法,本发明通过较为系统的热点基因突变动态分析胶质瘤患者ct-DNA的基因差异,确定与胶质瘤软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤相关基因,预测发生播散转移的高危人群,辅助软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤的早期诊断,助于延长胶质瘤患者生存期。
发明内容
本发明目的在于基于现有技术的现状,提供一种用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,尤其涉及一种用于胶质瘤液态活检基因诊断试剂盒,本发明通过较为系统的热点基因突变动态分析胶质瘤患者ct-DNA的基因差异,确定与胶质瘤软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤相关基因,预测发生播散转移的高危人群,辅助软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤的早期诊断,延长胶质瘤患者生存期,
本发明的另一个目的是提供用于检测脑胶质瘤及脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒的制备方法,尤其可用于探讨脑脊液播散与非播散胶质瘤患者基因差异。
本发明以离体的胶质瘤患者脑脊液为检测对象,提供了基于高通量基因测序的检测方法,系统地检测和分析胶质瘤患者不同病程阶段的基因差异,可动态监测胶质瘤患者脑脊液中ctDNA的变化,本发明提供了低创、高效、敏感的脑脊液液态活检技术,可应用于胶质瘤的临床检测。
本发明的液态活检技术基于筛选出针对胶质瘤相关的主要突变基因,建立胶质瘤疾患液态活检基因试剂盒,在Thermo fisher Ino S5二代测序仪上对离体的脑脊液、白细胞、脑组织进行基因测序。
本发明的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因(亦称:胶质瘤ct-DNA)突变的试剂盒,包括胶质瘤及脑膜瘤相关的主要突变基因及检测试剂;
所述的胶质瘤容易激发突变的主要基因及其热点,通过COSMIC数据库搜索整理,汇总热点基因坐标,并核对其组织分布,获得97个热点基因坐标;
本发明中,依据矫正的热点基因设计引物,以100bp为限制,大于100bp添加引物,包含所有突变点并增添部分新的热点基因坐标(如表1所示,其中列出所有与胶质瘤有关的主要基因及其热点);
本发明中,优选与胶质瘤发病机制相关的基因为:EGFR、PTEN、TP53、AKT1、RB1;
本发明中,优选与胶质瘤诊断相关的基因有:GFAP、IDH1、IDH2、TERT、BRAF、NF2、VEGFB、VEGFC、H3F3A,其中,经分析显示,IDH1 突变型的预后明显好于野生型,胶质瘤中存在TERT基因启动子区的特征性突变等;
本发明中,优选与所述肿瘤发生发展过程有关的基因突变有:BRAF、NRAS、PIK3CA、EGFR、PDGFRA、KRAS、NOTCH1;
本发明中,优选与鉴别诊断所述肿瘤有关的基因为:ATRX;经分析显示,该ATRX对鉴别毛细胞型和弥漫性星形细胞瘤具有重要的参考价值;
本发明中,优选与靶向治疗所述疾患有关基因有:EGFR、VGFR、ALK;
本发明中,还确定了分子生物学标志物对分子亚型和进行个体化治疗、监测及判断临床预后具有重要意义的基因热点有:IDH1、ATRX、TP53、PIK3R1、KIT、MET、CIC。
本发明所述的上述基因热点,能有效的保证所述疾患基因检测诊断的特异性,且不遗漏具有临床诊断价值的信息。
本发明还提供了检测脑膜瘤脑脊液ct-DNA的试剂盒,包括脑膜瘤相关的主要突变基因及检测试剂;
所述的脑膜瘤容易激发突变的主要基因及其热点,通过COSMIC数据库搜索整理,汇总热点基因坐标,并核对其组织分布,获得52个热点基因坐标;其中纳入从肿瘤信号通路、肿瘤发生发展、诊断鉴别诊断、预后及复发与有关的所有基因及其热点,引物设计巧妙地包含几乎所有的热点突变;
其中,依据已矫正过的热点基因设计引物,以100bp为限制,大于100bp添加引物,包含所有突变点并增添部分新的热点基因坐标(如表1所示,其中列出所有与脑膜瘤有关的主要基因及其热点);
其中,优选与脑膜瘤发生有关的信号通路基因突变热点为:SMO、NRAS、BRAF ;
其中,优选与脑膜瘤肿瘤发生、发展有关的基因突变如致癌基因激活、抑癌基因失活等热点有:TRAF7、GNA11、SMARCB1、ARID1B、KDM6A、NTRK1、BAP1 、SMARCA4;
其中,优选与脑膜瘤诊断、鉴别诊断有关的基因热点突变有:KLF4、TRAF7、NF2、SMO、AKT1;
其中,优选与脑膜瘤预后、复发有关的基因热点突变:CDKN2A、GRIN2A、NMDAR、SF3B1、TP53、PTEN、FAT1、CREBBP;
上述的热点基因,能有效的保证所述疾患基因检测诊断的特异性,且不遗漏具有临床诊断价值的信息。
本发明所述的胶质瘤ct-DNA检测试剂盒通过下述方法和步骤制备:
1)基于等位基因的杂合性缺失及基因的遗传性变异研究,DNA错配修复,细胞信号通路紊乱(如EGFR及PDGF通路),PI3K/Akt/PTEN、Ras和P53/RB1通路基因突变和肿瘤干细胞研究,确定与所述疾患发病机制相关的基因:EGFR、PTEN、TP53、AKT1、RB1;
其中的AKT1是P13K下游唯一促进细胞恶性转化的信号蛋白,具有促进肿瘤细胞的生长增殖,抑制细胞凋亡,促使细胞侵袭转移,促进血管生成,抵抗放、化疗中细胞的凋亡等重要作用;
2)同步骤1)免疫组化中GFAP作为胶质细胞特有的一种中间丝蛋白,广泛分布于星形胶质细胞质和突起内;具有向星形胶质细胞分化特征的胶质瘤及60%-70%少突胶质细胞瘤对GFAP呈阳性表达。IDH1(推荐克隆号:H09)基因第132位点的杂合突变出现于80%以上的低级别胶质瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤和少突星形细胞瘤以及继发性胶质母细胞瘤,进一步研究显示IDH1 突变型的预后明显好于野生型; IDH1基因突变的确定作为病理学诊断和预后评估的重要参考指标;将全级别脑胶质瘤IDH分型为3个亚型(G1、G2和G3),G1亚型包含了极度高发的IDH 突变,主要见于年轻患者,有良好预后,而相对于G1亚型,G3亚型预后较差,主要见于年老的患者,包含了非常低的IDH突变率;G2亚型的以上临床特点介于G1 和 G3亚型之间,但是1p/19q的缺失在G2亚型中比G1和G3的发生率要高,约80%以上的低级别胶质瘤,包括星形细胞瘤、少突胶质细胞瘤、少突星形细胞瘤以及继发性胶质母细胞瘤的患者有IDH1基因突变,应用IDH1、IDH2突变型能精确区分胶质增生和低级别胶质瘤;端粒酶逆转录酶(TERT)启动子区突变,在多种肿瘤中均有特征性的端粒延长;研究发现在胶质瘤中存在TERT基因启动子区的特征性突变,C28T 和C250T,总体频率约55%,主要集中于原发性胶质母细胞瘤和少突胶质细胞瘤中;TERT启动子突变与1p/19q杂合性缺失重合性极高 (98%), 结合TERT启动子突变和IDH1/2突变等其他分子遗传学事件可用于胶质瘤的分子分型及预后判断;BRAF是位于7q34的原癌基因,约有60%-80%的毛细胞型星形细胞瘤患者伴有该基因突变,被认为是毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的分子生物学的特征性改变,由于,NF2基因突变失活,导致了其编码的蛋白质变性,从而丧失了肿瘤抑制作用,包含NF2基因突变的肿瘤的生长指数、增殖速率及肿瘤大小均显著高于非突变者;VEGFB、VEGFC与临床病理分期密切相关,其含量越高,肿瘤侵袭性越高,临床病理分期就越差;H3F3A突变广泛存在于胶质瘤当中,包括WHO IV级胶质瘤、神经胶质瘤.该突变与IDHl突变相互排斥,而IDHlR132H型突变已经确定为胶质瘤预后较好的指标;突变造成EZH2过表达,促进肿瘤血管新生;突变还可引起部分原癌基因上调;本发明中,确定与诊断有关的基因为:GFAP、IDH1、IDH2、TERT、BRAF、NF2、VEGFB、VEGFC、H3F3A;
3)同步骤2)BRAF,NRAS和PIK3CA中任意一个基因发生突变都能够引起EGFR的2条下游信号通路分别处于持续激活状态,从而引起肿瘤的发生、发展;EGFR 信号通路对细胞的生长、增殖和分化等生理过程发挥重要的作用,EGFR 在正常脑组织中无表达,在脑胶质瘤组织中表达增高,而且随着胶质瘤恶性程度的增加,表达也增强;PDGFRA基因突变对细胞有较强的恶性转化作用,PDGFRA主要过表达于肿瘤基质或者新生肿瘤细胞中;GNAS1基因位于20号染色体,包含13个外显子,其中T393C多态性与肿瘤组织Gs蛋白α亚单位mRNA表达增加相关,而且,Gs蛋白α亚单位表达增加会促进凋亡发生;KRAS基因是鸟苷酸结合蛋白超家族成员之一,调控EGFR-KRAS信号通路,调节细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡;研究发现若干肿瘤的发生均与KRAS异常活化有关,抑制 NOTCH1 通路活性后可通过 PI3K通路调节胶质瘤干细胞的迁移和侵袭能力;本发明确定,与肿瘤发生发展过程有关的基因突变有:BRAF、NRAS、PIK3CA、EGFR、PDGFRA、KRAS、NOTCH1;
4)同步骤3)ATRX(推荐LOT NO: 97092,多克隆)在大部分星形细胞胶质和混合型少突星形胶质瘤中表达缺失,而在毛细胞型星形细胞瘤中未见表达缺失,对鉴别毛细胞型和弥漫性星形细胞瘤具有重要的参考价值;有研究发现 BRAF V600E错义突变常发生于小脑外毛细胞型星形细胞瘤、多形性黄色星形细胞瘤及节细胞胶质瘤,BRAF在毛细胞型星形细胞瘤、多形性黄色星形细胞瘤及部分上皮样胶质母细胞瘤等鉴别诊断中具有重要意义;本发明确定与鉴别诊断有关基因突变为:ATRX。
5)同步骤4)EGFR过表达和突变体均与肿瘤发生发展有密切关系, 基于此成为目前肿瘤治疗的新靶点;EGFR突变体广泛存在于肿瘤细胞,正常组织不表达,研究发现3种EGFR胞外缺失突变体以EGFRVIII最常见;由于EGFRVIII仅表达于肿瘤组织,采用特异性EGFRVIII检测高级别胶质瘤,作为靶向治疗的突破口,被应用于临床;如,以VEGF为靶标的分子靶向药物:贝伐珠单抗是 作 用 于 血 管 内 皮 生 长 因 子(VGFR)的一种单克隆抗体, 在复发胶质母细胞瘤及复发间变胶质瘤治疗中已被美国食品与药品监督局(FDA)批准,并被美国国家综合肿瘤网(NCCN)指南推荐;ALK蛋白作为肿瘤治疗的新靶点,通过活化下游的STAT3和MARK信号传导通路及激活R AS/ERK、PI3K/AKT等多条其他的信号通路来调控细胞的增殖和凋亡;本发明确定与靶向治疗有关基因是:EGFR、VGFR、ALK;
本发明中,根据步骤5)一些分子生物学标志物对确定分子亚型和进行个体化治疗及判断临床预后具有重要意义的基因热点,如MGMT启动子甲基化、染色体1p/19q杂合性缺失(1p19q LOH)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶1(IDH1)基因和ATRX表达;其他常用分子标志物:胶质 纤维酸性蛋白GFAP、Ki67抗 原和p53蛋白等;预知高级别胶质瘤对化疗药物的反应性,降低化疗抗性是目前关于化疗的讨论焦点,1p19q LOH 和IDH1突变可分别作为预测GBM、少突胶质细胞瘤和低级别胶质瘤的预后;PIK3R1在多种实体恶性肿瘤中表达下调,通过抑制肿瘤细胞的生长发挥抑癌基因的作用,有研究发现PIK3R1减少的程度与肿瘤的分期及预后显著相关;KIT基因在胶质瘤的发病及进展过程中发挥一定的作用,是一个重要的肿瘤相关基因,对胶质瘤分级、分期及预后判断有一定参考价值;MET在多种肿瘤中高表达,同时与肿瘤的恶性侵袭和不良预后密切相关;果蝇Capicua(CIC)同源物基因位于19q13.2,当1p/19q发生共缺失时,该基因可以发生失活突变;CIC基因突变及CIC蛋白失表达提示预后差,CIC蛋白失表达时患者的无进展生存期更短;本发明确定与治疗预后有关基因为:IDH1、ATRX、TP53、PIK3R1、KIT、MET、CIC;
6)根据步骤1-5)所得的易突变基因,采用COSMIC数据库进行热点基因突变分选,确定获得28个系列基因的热点(如表1所示)。
本发明的脑膜瘤ct-DNA检测试剂盒通过下述方法和步骤制备:
1)基于研究,脑膜瘤的发生与信号通路有关:由 EGF、VEGF 生长因子诱导的PLCγ1 /IP3 /DAG 通路和 PLA2 /COX2 通路,与 SMO 突变有关的 Hh信号通路;通过促进细胞生长、增殖、迁移,抑制细胞凋亡,有的还促进血管生成,或影响基质重塑和干细胞稳态( Hh途径) 等来导致脑膜瘤发生;NRAS 和 BRAF 基因是 EGFR 基因下游信号传导通路 RAS-RAF-MAPK 途径的重要基因,基因发生突变后会导致下游信号通路的持续激活,引起细胞异常增殖分化,最终导致肿瘤的发生;本发明确定与脑膜瘤发生有关的信号通路基因突变热点为:SMO、NRAS、BRAF;
2)同步骤1)TRAF7能与MEKK3、p53互相作用,并且与AKT1、SMO、KLF4、PIK3CA突变共发生,研究推测脑膜瘤细胞中,TRAF7突变可能参与RAS/MAPK信号途径、p53的功能异常及Hh通路;TRAF7突变后,caspase依赖的细胞凋亡受抑制,细胞得以继续增殖,GNA11通过MAP激酶途径的上调发挥致癌作用;SMARCB1 被认为属抑癌基因,基于研究发现部分脑膜瘤在第9外显子的同一位点发生突变,即第377位的精氨酸由组氨酸取代,该位置是脑膜瘤发生的突变热点,认为SMARCBl在脑膜瘤的发生中起有一定作用;ARID1B在多种原发性肿瘤细胞和组织中表达,可编码产物涉及肿瘤形成,并有促进肿瘤增殖的作用;KDM6A中的有害突变存在于许多癌症类型中,KDM6A失活促进各种癌症发生;NTRK1是神经生长因子( NGF) 促生存信号传导的介质,也是一种在人类癌症中发现被普遍改变的已知致癌基因;BAP1 主要作为抑癌蛋白质发挥作用与肿瘤的发生发展有关;BAP1基因突变可能影响 BAP1 蛋白的去泛素酶活性,或导致其核定位序列的缺失,破坏其抑癌功能,最终引起肿瘤的发生;SMARCA4基因位于染色体19 P,编码SWI/SNF复合体的一个酶亚基;SWI/SNF复合体是一个染色体重塑复合体,在细胞内基因转录的调控中起着重要作用,两个位点的突变或者与杂合性缺失相关的一个位点的突变导致该基因的双等位基因的失活;本发明确定与脑膜瘤肿瘤发生、发展有关的基因突变热点有:TRAF7、GNA11、SMARCB1、ARID1B、KDM6A、NTRK1、BAP1 、SMARCA4;
3)同步骤2)KLF4和TRAF7联合突变常出现在分泌型脑膜瘤中,而SMARCE1突变常出现在透明细胞型脑膜瘤中,成纤维细胞脑膜瘤NF2突变,而血管瘤脑膜瘤缺乏NF2突变但有多个染色体多态性,在凸起和后颅底出现的脑膜瘤通常在NF2和22染色体单体中具有失活突变,而脑膜瘤则发生于前颅骨和侧颅骨区域倾向于发生SMO或AKT1突变; 本发明确定与脑膜瘤诊断、鉴别诊断有关的基因热点突变为:KLF4、TRAF7、NF2、SMO、AKT1;
4)同步骤3)CDKN2A是一种多肿瘤抑制基因,人CDKN2A定位于染色体9q21,编码两种不同的抑癌蛋白,一个为p16INK4a,另一个为p14AFP;p16INK4a和p14AFP的甲基化在肿瘤早期出现,并且p16INK4a启动子甲基化与肿瘤的预后有关;p16INK4a蛋白表达的降低在肿瘤早期出现,并与预后有关;GRIN2A编码N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)的GluN2A亚基,NMDAR作为肿瘤抑制因子可以促进促凋亡信号传导;SF3B1与肿瘤预后有关;TP53 基因是重要的抑癌基因之一,通过细胞核中转录依赖的活性和细胞浆中非转录依赖的活性两种途径发挥抑癌作用,TP53 基因突变会导致肿瘤的发生,TP53 突变可作为预测脑膜瘤恶性度及复发的标志;PTEN功能改变与肿瘤增殖、凋亡和粘附等多种生物学行为有关,并且影响到肿瘤的治疗和预后,研究提示,PTEN的表达强度与良性脑膜瘤的复发和演进呈正相关;FAT1属非典型钙黏素家族成员,在不同的组织器官其功能存在差异,多种人类恶性肿瘤中存在FAT1突变,其能发挥抑癌基因作用;CREBBP蛋白通过本身具有的组蛋白乙酰转移酶活性,发挥转录因子与靶DNA之间的桥梁作用,可抑制细胞复制,使细胞停留在G1期,还具有抑癌因子的功能,参与多条抑癌信息传导通路;本发明确定与脑膜瘤预后、复发有关的基因热点突变有:CDKN2A、GRIN2A、NMDAR、SF3B1、TP53、PTEN、FAT1、CREBBP。
本发明的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒对脑脊液、脑组织ct-DNA进行测序,寻找无脑肿瘤患者、胶质瘤未脑膜播散、胶质瘤脑膜播散差异基因,能早期发现、确定是否有脑脊液播散;同时比对组织和脑脊液活检基因变异,探索CSF液体活检可作为胶质瘤的组织分子病理诊断的补充;此外,通过动态监测手术、放化疗前/后胶质瘤患者基因的变化,有助开展基因导向的胶质瘤的分子诊断,包括手术切除最小残留病灶,假性进展或者复发早期发现、监测对放化疗的反应、耐药性的变化。
本发明具有下列突出的优点:
1)根据相关报导,纳入针对胶质瘤容易激发突变的主要基因及其热点,特别增加部分新的突变热点,并排除突变位点少、特异性不强的基因及其热点。
2)cosmic数据库查找主要基因的热点位置,并设计引物;引物设计巧妙地包含几乎所有文献报道的热点突变及部分新增热点,不遗漏任何具有临床诊断价值的信息。
3)本发明纳入胶质瘤热点突变较为全面,可通过动态监测胶质瘤患者脑脊液中ct-DNA变化,探寻不同病程中的基因突变的变化情况,CSF液体活检可作为胶质瘤的组织分子病理诊断的补充。
4)循环肿瘤DNA(Ct-DNA)可反映实体瘤遗传和生物学特征,使其成为肿瘤液体活检的理想标志物,可作为一种实时监测肿瘤发展及分子变化的方法,更好地反映肿瘤最新的动态信息,可用于早期诊断,预后评估和药物疗效评价。
5)本发明采用脑脊液液态活检技术,为胶质瘤的微创分子诊断提供支持。目前胶质瘤的确诊及术后评估,主要依赖术后切除病理组织活检。本发明采用脑脊液活检,创伤小,标本采集相对简单,便于患者的动态监测和长期随访。
6)以检测软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤与非软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤患者脑脊液的ctDNA差异,预测何种患者是发生播散转移的高危人群,辅助软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤的早期诊断,发现与胶质瘤软脑膜脊髓转移胶质瘤相关基因,延长胶质瘤患者生存期。
表1为本发明确定获得的有关的主要基因及其热点。
表1
Gene location | Mutation ID COSM | chromosomal location | initial position | Termination of the position | ||
REGION | COSM10705 | chr17 | 7578262 | 7578263 | ||
REGION | COSM912334 | chr1 | 78428510 | 78428511 | ||
REGION | COSM4335415 | chr1 | 78429977 | 78429978 | ||
REGION | COSM1344432 | chr1 | 78444658 | 78444659 | ||
REGION | COSM584 | chr1 | 115256528 | 115256529 | ||
REGION | COSM580 | chr1 | 115256529 | 115256530 | ||
REGION | COSM897821 | chr1 | 158627400 | 158627401 | ||
REGION | COSM327928 | chr1 | 226252134 | 226252135 | ||
REGION | COSM327929 | chr1 | 226252154 | 226252155 | ||
REGION | COSM273453 | chr11 | 64004662 | 64004663 | ||
REGION | COSM532 | chr12 | 25398280 | 25398281 | ||
REGION | COSM516 | chr12 | 25398284 | 25398285 | ||
REGION | COSM878 | chr13 | 48936982 | 48936983 | ||
REGION | COSM1015 | chr13 | 48947628 | 48947629 | ||
REGION | COSM1559416 | chr13 | 48954221 | 48954222 | ||
REGION | COSM33765 | chr14 | 105246550 | 105246551 | ||
REGION | COSM33733 | chr15 | 90631837 | 90631838 | ||
REGION | COSM10659 | chr17 | 7577120 | 7577121 | ||
REGION | COSM303949 | chr19 | 42791717 | 42791718 | ||
REGION | COSM132818 | chr19 | 42791756 | 42791757 | ||
REGION | COSM235721 | chr19 | 42791795 | 42791796 | ||
REGION | COSM235723 | chr19 | 42796889 | 42796890 | ||
REGION | COSM303956 | chr19 | 42799059 | 42799060 | ||
REGION | COSM28056 | chr2 | 29432663 | 29432664 | ||
REGION | COSM28055 | chr2 | 29443694 | 29443695 | ||
REGION | COSM28746 | chr2 | 209113111 | 209113112 | ||
REGION | COSM27887 | chr20 | 57484419 | 57484420 | ||
REGION | COSM21991 | chr22 | 30032793 | 30032794 | ||
REGION | COSM22254 | chr22 | 30051651 | 30051652 | ||
REGION | COSM22240 | chr22 | 30054211 | 30054212 | ||
REGION | COSM22000 | chr22 | 30057301 | 30057302 | ||
REGION | COSM21990 | chr22 | 30067835 | 30067836 | ||
REGION | COSM746 | chr3 | 178916875 | 178916876 | ||
REGION | COSM751 | chr3 | 178917477 | 178917478 | ||
REGION | COSM757 | chr3 | 178927979 | 178927980 | ||
REGION | COSM766 | chr3 | 178936093 | 178936094 | ||
REGION | COSM94986 | chr3 | 178952084 | 178952085 | ||
REGION | COSM22414 | chr4 | 55144147 | 55144148 | ||
REGION | COSM22413 | chr4 | 55152039 | 55152040 | ||
REGION | COSM1314 | chr4 | 55599320 | 55599321 | ||
REGION | COSM3602191 | chr4 | 177649044 | 177649045 | ||
REGION | COSM1716558 | chr5 | 1295227 | 1295228 | ||
REGION | COSM1716559 | chr5 | 1295249 | 1295250 | ||
REGION | COSM35827 | chr5 | 67589137 | 67589138 | ||
REGION | COSM3071915 | chr5 | 67589599 | 67589604 | ||
REGION | COSM42912 | chr5 | 67591096 | 67591097 | ||
REGION | COSM1220622 | chr5 | 67591096 | 67591097 | ||
REGION | COSM1220623 | chr5 | 67591096 | 67591097 | ||
REGION | COSM42912 | chr5 | 67591096 | 67591097 | ||
REGION | COSM21683 | chr7 | 55211079 | 55211080 | ||
REGION | COSM35508 | chr7 | 55220273 | 55220274 | ||
REGION | COSM21686 | chr7 | 55221820 | 55221821 | ||
REGION | COSM21687 | chr7 | 55221821 | 55221822 | ||
REGION | COSM21690 | chr7 | 55233042 | 55233043 | ||
REGION | COSM6239 | chr7 | 55241707 | 55241708 | ||
REGION | COSM6241 | chr7 | 55249004 | 55249005 | ||
REGION | COSM700 | chr7 | 116423427 | 116423428 | ||
REGION | COSM476 | chr7 | 140453135 | 140453136 | ||
REGION | COSM1133046 | chr7 | 140481391 | 140481393 | ||
REGION | COSM35673 | chr8 | 38272307 | 38272308 | ||
REGION | COSM1559837 | chr8 | 38272307 | 38272308 | ||
REGION | COSM19176 | chr8 | 38274848 | 38274849 | ||
REGION | COSM1284967 | chr8 | 38274848 | 38274849 | ||
REGION | COSM28757 | chr9 | 80409487 | 80409488 | ||
REGION | COSM128732 | chr9 | 139413069 | 139413072 | ||
REGION | COSM1716705 | chrX | 76890142 | 76890145 | ||
REGION | COSM144223 | chrX | 76909628 | 76909629 | ||
REGION | COSM1716674 | chrX | 76937611 | 76937615 | ||
REGION | TP53 | |||||
REGION | CDKN2A | |||||
REGION | PTEN | |||||
REGION | HIST1H3B | |||||
具体实施方式
实施例1
1)制定受试者入选标准、排除标准、中止标准;
2)根据统计学原理计算要达到研究预期目的所需的病例数;
3)实验流程:
步骤一 样本的留取:临床怀疑初发或者复发的胶质瘤的患者,留取患者脑脊液,脑脊液标本来源于腰穿或脑脊液引流脑脊液检测剩余遗弃脑脊液,约3-5ml。同时留取血3-4ml、手术患者留取脑石蜡组织1片,(患者手术病理切片后剩余石蜡切片在2cm以上,已保证正常留样复查使用);
步骤二 检测流程:脑脊液、血浆标本的前处理:通过2步离心法获取脑脊液、血浆上清及白细胞层。分别对脑脊液游离总核酸、白细胞gDNA、脑石蜡组织核酸进行提取,分别使用Thermo fisher的基因提取试剂盒 分别建立测序系统,使用Thermo fisher的建测序系统试剂盒,a.脑脊液提取的游离总核酸、白细胞提取的基因组的核酸分别进行反转录b.扩增目标基因,c.纯化目标基因d.用带条码引物扩增目标扩增子e.纯化带条形码扩增子库f.筛选条形码基因库g.用qPCR量化带条码的基因库使用本院检验科Thermo fisherIno S5二代测序仪对脑脊液、白细胞、脑组织进行基因测序。测序基因为AKT1、BRAF、EGFR、FGFR1、NRAS、PDGFRA、PIK3CA、NF2、RB1、ALK、PTEN、PIK3R1、SPTA1、GNAQ、GNAS、KIT、KRAS、MET、VEGFB、VEGFC、TERT、IDH1、IDH2、TP53、ATRX、H3F3A、CIC、NOTCH1 等28个纳入试剂盒的热点基因;
步骤三 结果统计学分析:脑脊液ctDNA基因测序结果阳性与WHO分级、肿瘤大小、位置,手术方式等相关性使用秩和检验P<0.05,胶质瘤脑肿瘤组织与脑脊液基因测序结果比较、胶质瘤未脑膜播散与胶质瘤脑膜播散差异基因比较为卡方检验或fisher确切概率法,P<0.05;
步骤四 数据库的建立:检测的结果建立数据库。
Claims (14)
1.用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,包括与脑胶质瘤相关的主要突变基因及检测试剂;
所述的脑胶质瘤容易激发突变的主要基因及其热点,通过COSMIC数据库搜索整理,汇总热点基因坐标,并核对其组织分布,获得97个热点基因坐标;
所述试剂盒中,依据矫正的热点基因设计引物,以100bp为限制,大于100bp添加引物,包含如表1所示的突变点及其热点基因坐标。
2.按权利要求1所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒中,纳入与发病机制、诊断鉴别诊断、治疗、监测至预后与胶质瘤有关的基因及其热点,引物设计包含所有文献报道的热点突变。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与发病机制相关的基因为:EGFR、PTEN、TP53、AKT1、RB1。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与诊断有关的基因为:GFAP、IDH1、IDH2、TERT、BRAF、NF2、VEGFB、VEGFC、H3F3A。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与所述肿瘤发生发展过程有关的基因突变为:BRAF、NRAS、PIK3CA、EGFR、PDGFRA、KRAS、NOTCH1。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与鉴别诊断有关的基因为:ATRX。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与靶向治疗有关基因为:EGFR、VGFR、ALK。
8.按权利要求1或2所述的用于检测脑胶质瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,下述分子生物学标志物对确定分子亚型和个体化治疗、监测及判断临床预后有关的基因热点为:IDH1、ATRX、TP53、PIK3R1、KIT、MET、CIC。
9.用于检测脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,包括与脑膜瘤相关的主要突变基因及检测试剂;所述的脑膜瘤容易激发突变的主要基因及其热点,通过COSMIC数据库搜索整理,汇总热点基因坐标,并核对其组织分布,获得52个热点基因坐标;
所述试剂盒中,依据矫正的热点基因设计引物,以100bp为限制,大于100bp添加引物,包含如表1所示的突变点及其热点基因坐标。
10.按权利要求9所述的用于检测脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒中,包括从肿瘤信号通路、肿瘤发生发展、诊断鉴别诊断、预后及复发与脑膜瘤有关的所有基因及其热点,引物设计包含所有文献报道的热点突变。
11.按权利要求9或10所述的用于检测脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与脑膜瘤发生有关的信号通路基因突变热点为:SMO、NRAS、BRAF。
12.按权利要求9或10所述的用于检测脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与脑膜瘤肿瘤发生、发展有关的基因突变热点为:TRAF7、GNA11、SMARCB1、ARID1B、KDM6A、NTRK1、BAP1 、SMARCA4。
13.按权利要求9或10所述的用于检测脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与脑膜瘤诊断、鉴别诊断有关的基因热点突变为:KLF4、TRAF7、NF2、SMO、AKT1。
14.按权利要求9或10所述的用于检测脑膜瘤基因突变的试剂盒,其特征在于,与脑膜瘤预后、复发有关的基因热点突变为:CDKN2A、GRIN2A、NMDAR、SF3B1、TP53、PTEN、FAT1、CREBBP。
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