CN112391319B - 一种脱毒再生菌剂及其对厌氧菌种的脱毒工艺 - Google Patents
一种脱毒再生菌剂及其对厌氧菌种的脱毒工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种脱毒再生菌剂及其对厌氧菌种的脱毒工艺,包括:调整进水浓度控制挥发酸含量,低浓度废水冲刷,添加无机脱毒剂及脱毒再生菌剂。首先根据厌氧菌种的进水浓度调节进水的挥发酸含量至500mg/L以下。其次用低浓水废水(COD100mg/L)冲洗脱除厌氧菌种的表面有毒化合物。最后根据厌氧菌种浓度添加无机脱毒剂及脱毒再生菌剂,使厌氧产甲烷活性恢复至中毒前的水平,并且活性有所提升。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水污染控制与废水处理技术,是一种特别针对厌氧菌种的脱毒工艺。
背景技术
20世纪60年代以来,世界能源短缺问题日益突出,这促使人们对厌氧消化工艺进行重新认识,对处理工艺和反应器结构的设计以及甲烷回收进行了大量研究,使得厌氧消化技术的理论和实践都有了很大进步,并得到广泛应用。厌氧消化具有下列优点:无需搅拌和供氧,动力消耗少;能产生大量含甲烷的沼气,是很好的能源物质,可用于发电和家庭燃气;可高浓度进水,保持高污泥浓度。
由上世纪五六十年代至今推出了许多微生物的厌氧处理方法,有些目前已经淘汰,有些一直沿用至今,目前市场上面仍旧使用的方法有以下几种:水解酸化、上流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)、IC反应器、膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器(EGSB)、ABR等。
以上各种反应器中,厌氧菌种的产甲烷活性是处理效果的关键。厌氧菌种生长速率慢,培养周期长,市场价格高。且对毒物影响较敏感;遭破坏后,恢复期较长。因此急需一种能够快速恢复厌氧菌种活性的工艺,减少厌氧菌种中毒带来的环境破坏和经济损失。目前常用的厌氧反应器恢复方法包括化学恢复法、物理恢复法和生物恢复法。
化学恢复法投加氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙等氢氧化物有效提升反应器pH、实现短期内厌氧体系中的pH恢复,然而投加的氢氧化物大多被碳酸盐所消耗,由于缺乏酸碱缓冲能力、厌氧反应器内的pH会出现大幅震荡的过程,难以保持长期稳定、不利于产乙酸菌及产甲烷菌的活性恢复。直接投加碳酸氢钠能够在不干扰微生物敏感的理化平衡的条件下将pH调节值7,但需要大量的碳酸氢钠,导致恢复成本高。
物理恢复法包括提高混合程度、降低进水浓度、处理出水回流和处理出水置换。提高混合程度降低反应器的“死区”范围减少或抑制沟流现象,此方法通常用于预防酸化或辅助性恢复。降低进水浓度是实现酸化反应器恢复的常用方法,但单独采用这种方法恢复的效果并不明显,通常需要配合化学药剂的投加一起使用。处理出水回流采用会流水中产甲烷阶段产生的碱度对抗反应器中的酸化中毒,大幅降低对进水碱度的需求。但处理浓度对处理出水碱度的影响比较大,因为该方法只适用于高负荷厌氧反应器的恢复。处理出水置换是利用储存的反应器出水一次性置换反应器内含高浓度有机酸的污水,该方法使用的前提是在进水中投加了较高的碱度。
生物恢复法包括投加颗粒污泥和投加关键微生物种群。投加新鲜、成熟的颗粒污泥可以快速补充反应器中微生物的数量,是一种时间短、效果好的酸化恢复方法。然而颗粒污泥的投加伴随高昂的成本,因而该方法目前多局限于实验研究。投加关键微生物种群目前研究刚起步,利用投加的产乙酸菌及产甲烷菌及时降解反应器中的积累挥发酸,加快厌氧消化链式反应的恢复。
发明内容
为解决现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种特别针对厌氧菌种的脱毒工艺,以解决上述背景技术中提出的厌氧菌种活性恢复困难的问题。
本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种厌氧菌种的脱毒工艺,包括:调整进水浓度控制挥发酸含量,低浓度废水冲刷,添加无机脱毒剂及脱毒再生菌剂。
首先根据厌氧菌种的进水浓度调节进水的挥发酸;其次用低浓水废水冲洗脱除厌氧菌种的表面有毒化合物;最后根据厌氧菌种浓度添加无机脱毒剂及脱毒再生菌剂,使厌氧产甲烷活性恢复至中毒前的水平。
所述的挥发酸含量控制在500mg/L以下。
所述的低浓度废水的流量为反应器处理废水流量的3倍以上。所述低浓度废水为COD不超过100mg/L的废水。
所述的添加的无机脱毒剂包含碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、EDTA铁等。
所述脱毒剂配方为碳酸氢钠0.1-0.5g/L、碳酸氢钾0.05-0.5g/L、EDTA铁0.005-0.05g/L。所述脱毒再生菌剂添加量为0.5-5mL/L。
所述脱毒再生菌剂DB-1来源于江苏连云港某污水厂生化污泥。具体筛选方法如下:
使用5g/L葡萄糖,0.1g/L氯化铵配置筛选培养基,添加从连云港某污水厂生化污泥20mL,摇瓶培养30d后,经测定葡萄糖完全降解。取上清,在无菌环境下接种至牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基(牛肉膏3g、蛋白胨10g、氯化钠5g、水1000mL、pH7.4-7.6)中培养,使菌液浓度达到1*10^9个/mL,完成菌株的筛选。
基本形态学特征:乳白色菌落,表面光滑,为革兰氏阴性菌。菌体为杆状,无鞭毛,无荚膜,无芽孢。
分类命名为鹤羽田戴尔福特菌(Delftiatsuruhatensis)DB-1,已于2020年10月22日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,保藏编号:CGMCC No.20937。
所述脱毒再生菌剂的扩培方式为:保藏的菌种需在LB培养基(酵母提取物5g、胰化蛋白胨10g、氯化钠10g、水1000mL,pH7.0)中活化,活化温度为30℃,活化时间为24h。取0.1mL菌液、均匀涂布于牛肉膏蛋白胨琼脂平面培养基(牛肉膏3g、蛋白胨10g、氯化钠5g、琼脂15-20g、水1000mL、pH7.4-7.6)上,将培养基放在恒温培养箱中培养,培养温度为30℃。3d后,在超净无菌工作环境中将单菌落用接种环转接到斜面培养基(配方与琼脂培养基相同)上,经3次复培养后获得纯培养菌株。
该菌种在生长过程中可分泌自诱导物N-酰基-高丝氨酸内酯,酸化中毒的产甲烷菌接触该诱导物后,产生群体效应,产甲烷菌团聚能力和附着生长能力提高,产甲烷活性增加,减少中毒菌种的恢复时间。
有益效果:与现有技术比,本发明的技术优势为:
1.使用低浓度废水冲刷污泥表面,可以在洗脱有毒物质的同时,保护污泥所处的厌氧环境,尽量减少环境中的溶解氧。防止洗脱过程对未中毒厌氧菌的高氧胁迫。
2.根据厌氧菌种的浓度添加无机脱毒剂,可进一步减少脱毒成本,同时防止盐度过高造成的厌氧反应器结垢堵塞,延长反应器的使用寿命。
3.添加经过筛选的菌种DB-1作为产甲烷活性重启信号。该菌种在生长过程中可分泌自诱导物N-酰基-高丝氨酸内酯。酸化中毒的产甲烷菌接触该诱导物后,产生群体效应,产甲烷菌团聚能力和附着生长能力提高。产甲烷活性增加,减少中毒菌种的恢复时间。
附图说明
图1为本发明工艺的工艺流程框图。
具体实施方式
使用内循环厌氧产甲烷反应器作为实施对象,原始产甲烷活性为34mL/(g*d)通过提高进水污染物负荷至20000mg/L,降低进水碱度至1000mg/L,使反应器酸化中毒,出水pH至4.5,产甲烷活性低至0.1mL/(g*d),作为脱毒反应的实验对象。
以下实施例中所添加的菌株鹤羽田戴尔福特菌(Delftiatsuruhatensis)DB-1来源于江苏连云港某污水厂生化污泥。
使用5g/L葡萄糖,0.1g/L氯化铵配置筛选培养基,添加从连云港某污水厂生化污泥20mL,摇瓶培养30d后,经测定葡萄糖完全降解。取上清,在无菌环境下接种至牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基(牛肉膏3g、蛋白胨10g、氯化钠5g、水1000mL、pH7.4-7.6)中培养,使菌液浓度达到1*10^9个/mL,完成菌株的筛选。
菌种在LB培养基(酵母提取物5g、胰化蛋白胨10g、氯化钠10g、水1000mL,pH7.0)中活化,活化温度为30℃,活化时间为24h。取0.1mL菌液、均匀涂布于牛肉膏蛋白胨琼脂平面培养基(牛肉膏3g、蛋白胨10g、氯化钠5g、琼脂15-20g、水1000mL、pH7.4-7.6)上,将培养基放在恒温培养箱中培养,培养温度为30℃,培养时间为。3d后在超净无菌工作环境中将单菌落用接种环转接到斜面培养基(配方与琼脂培养基相同)上,经3次复培养后获得纯培养菌株。
使用的低浓度废水为COD=10-100mg/L的连云港某化工园区生活污水。挥发酸的测定采用本领域常件的液相色谱法或者气相色谱法或者其他测定方法。
对比例1
在发生酸化中毒的厌氧产甲烷反应器中,取水,测定挥发酸含量为5000mg/L。使用低浓度废水1:1稀释原水,使进水浓度为原水的50%,挥发酸含量为2500mg/L。进水流量为100m3/h。
不添加无机脱毒剂,不添加高效脱毒菌种。
厌氧产甲烷活性恢复至30mL/(g*d)时间:102d。
实施例1:
在发生酸化中毒的厌氧产甲烷反应器中,取水,测定挥发酸含量为5000mg/L。使用低浓度废水(COD=100mg/L)1:1稀释原水,使进水浓度为原水的50%,挥发酸含量为2500mg/L。进水流量为100m3/h。
经测定厌氧菌浓度为30g/L,添加无机脱毒剂(由碳酸氢钠0.2g/L、碳酸氢钾0.1g/L、EDTA铁0.1g/L复配)3g/L,不添加高效脱毒菌种。
厌氧菌活性恢复至30mL/(g*d)时间:76.5d。
实施例2
在发生酸化中毒的厌氧产甲烷反应器中,取水,测定挥发酸含量为5000mg/L。使用低浓度废水(COD=100mg/L)9:1稀释原水,使进水浓度为原水的10%,挥发酸含量为500mg/L。进水流量为100m3/h。
用低浓度废水缓慢冲洗脱除厌氧菌种的表面有毒化合物,流量为200m3/h。
经测定厌氧菌浓度为30g/L,添加无机脱毒剂(由碳酸氢钠0.2g/L、碳酸氢钾0.1g/L、EDTA铁0.1g/L复配)3g/L,不添加高效脱毒菌种。
厌氧菌活性恢复至30mL/(g*d)时间:58.5d。
实施例3
在发生酸化中毒的厌氧反应器中,取水,测定挥发酸含量为5000mg/L。使用低浓度废水(COD=50mg/L)9:1稀释原水,使进水浓度为原水的10%,挥发酸含量为500mg/L。进水流量为100m3/h。
用低浓度废水(COD=50mg/L)缓慢冲洗脱除厌氧菌种的表面有毒化合物,流量为200m3/h。
经测定厌氧菌浓度为30g/L,添加无机脱毒剂(由碳酸氢钠0.2g/L、碳酸氢钾0.1g/L、EDTA铁0.1g/L复配)3g/L,不添加高效脱毒菌种。厌氧菌活性恢复至30mL/(g*d)时间:41d。
实施例4:
在发生酸化中毒的厌氧反应器中,取水,测定挥发酸含量为5000mg/L。使用低浓度废水(COD=50mg/L)9:1稀释原水,使进水浓度为原水的10%,挥发酸含量为500mg/L。进水流量为100m3/h。
用低浓度废水(COD=50mg/L)缓慢冲洗脱除厌氧菌种的表面有毒化合物,流量为200m3/h。
添加高效脱毒菌种DB-1,浓度为1mL/L至反应器中。
厌氧菌活性恢复至30mL/(g*d)时间:32d。
实施例5:
在发生酸化中毒的厌氧反应器中,取水,测定挥发酸含量为5000mg/L。使用低浓度废水(COD=50mg/L)9:1稀释原水,使进水浓度为原水的10%,挥发酸含量为500mg/L。进水流量为100m3/h。
用低浓度废水(COD=50mg/L)缓慢冲洗脱除厌氧菌种的表面有毒化合物,流量为200m3/h。
经测定厌氧菌浓度为30g/L,添加无机脱毒剂(由碳酸氢钠0.2g/L、碳酸氢钾0.1g/L、EDTA铁0.1g/L复配)3g/L,高效脱毒菌种DB-1,浓度为1mL/L至反应器中。
厌氧菌活性恢复至30mL/(g*d)时间:21d。30d后产甲烷活性提高至45mL/(g*d)。
由此可知,本发明的工艺流程缩短了厌氧菌活性的恢复时间,并可进一步提高产甲烷活性。
Claims (9)
1.一种脱毒再生菌,其分类命名为鹤羽田戴尔福特菌(Delftia tsuruhatensis)DB-1,已保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号:CGMCC No.20937。
2.权利要求1所述的脱毒再生菌在对厌氧产甲烷菌脱毒中的应用。
3.一种采用权利要求1所述脱毒再生菌进行厌氧产甲烷菌的脱毒工艺,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)根据厌氧产甲烷菌的进水浓度,通过稀释原水调节进水的挥发酸含量;
2)用低浓度废水冲洗脱除厌氧产甲烷菌的表面有毒化合物;
3)根据厌氧产甲烷菌浓度添加无机脱毒剂及脱毒再生菌剂,使厌氧产甲烷菌的厌氧产甲烷活性恢复至中毒前的水平。
4.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述的挥发酸含量控制在500mg/L以下。
5.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述的低浓度废水流量为反应器处理废水流量的3倍以上。
6.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于,添加的无机脱毒剂包含碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾、EDTA铁。
7.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述脱毒再生菌剂添加量为0.5-5mL/L。
8.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于,无机脱毒剂配方为碳酸氢钠0.1-0.5g/L、碳酸氢钾0.05-0.5g/L、EDTA铁0.1g/L。
9.根据权利要求3所述的工艺,其特征在于,所述低浓度废水为COD 10-100mg/L的废水。
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