CN112390690A

CN112390690A - Fertilizer composition and application thereof in improving soil fertility

Info

Publication number: CN112390690A
Application number: CN202011301623.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李现华; 杨力鹏; 王嘉琛; 郭二果; 祁瑜; 崔嵬; 隋小娜; 刘建国
Original assignee: Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Current assignee: Inner Mongolia University of Technology
Priority date: 2020-11-19
Filing date: 2020-11-19
Publication date: 2021-02-23

Abstract

The invention relates to a fertilizer composition prepared from breeding wastes and application thereof in improving soil fertility. The fertilizer composition comprises a solid fertilizer and a liquid fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.03-0.07% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the organic matter content is 5-15% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.001-0.05% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 1000-3000mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 100-500mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 300-1800mg/L, and the nitrate nitrogen content is 20-120 mg/L. The invention provides a new utilization way of cultivation waste, effectively utilizes the waste in a harmless and resource manner, and improves the soil fertility.

Description

Fertilizer composition and application thereof in improving soil fertility

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fertilizer composition prepared from breeding wastes and application thereof in improving soil fertility, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection.

Background

Salinization refers to the phenomenon that in arid areas, due to too large evaporation capacity, salt contained in soil is gradually accumulated on the earth surface, so that the salt content in the soil is too high, and alkalization refers to the phenomenon that alkaline salt is gradually accumulated on the surface layer of the soil, and the saturation degree of exchangeable sodium ions is gradually increased. The saline-alkali soil mostly takes hardening and blocking as well as poor water permeability, and is mainly characterized by stickiness when wet, hardness when dry and poor air permeability; due to the fact that the salt content is high, the alkalinity is high, the content of humic acid and beneficial bacteria in soil is low, and plants can hardly survive in severe saline-alkali soil areas. The salinization of soil seriously hinders the development of agriculture and economy.

In the prior art, a method for improving saline-alkali soil by using a solid-liquid bio-organic fertilizer produced by slaughter and breeding waste sewage and livestock and poultry straw biogas residue and biogas slurry died of diseases is researched. However, the wastewater treatment mode is complex, biological fermentation is needed, biological fertilizer is prepared and then applied, the cost is high, and if the field is returned improperly, a series of environmental pollution problems of soil nutrition waste and overnutrition, and accumulation of substances such as nitrate, heavy metal and the like in surface water and underground water can be caused.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a fertilizer composition prepared by utilizing aquaculture waste, which consists of a solid fertilizer and a liquid fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.03-0.07% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the organic matter content is 5-15% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.001-0.05% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 3000mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 500mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 1800mg/L and the nitrate nitrogen content is 20-120 mg/L.

In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.04-0.06% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.01-0.05% (w/w), the organic matter content is 8-10% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.01-0.05% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.005-0.03% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 1500-2500mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 200-400mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 500-1500mg/L, and the nitrate nitrogen content is 40-100 mg/L.

In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the breeding waste is cattle breeding waste, and is preferably cow breeding waste.

In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the solid fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(1) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the cultivation waste to obtain waste water and waste residues with the water content of 70-85%;

(2) adding 0-2.0L/t of microbial stock solution into the waste residues, uniformly mixing, controlling the temperature at 50-70 ℃, performing compost fermentation for 5-7 days, and turning over every 1-2 days to obtain the solid fertilizer.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microorganism is selected from any one of bacillus, actinomycetes, yeast, trichoderma or a combination thereof.

In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the amount of the microbial stock solution added into the waste residue is 1-1.5L/t.

In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, straws are also added into the waste residues, and after uniform mixing, the waste residues are subjected to compost fermentation, wherein the waste residues: the ratio of the straws is 4: 1-1: 1(v/v), and the preferable ratio is 3:1-2: 1.

In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the liquid fertilizer comprises the following steps:

(2) collecting waste water, standing, removing supernatant, and allowing the residual waste liquid to enter a stabilization pond treatment system, wherein the number of stabilization ponds in the stabilization pond treatment system is not less than 2, preferably any one of an anaerobic pond, an aerobic pond and a facultative pond and the combination thereof, and the residual waste liquid stays in each stabilization pond for 3-10 days to obtain liquid fertilizer.

In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the supernatant is used for flushing the excrement conveying pipe.

In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the number of the stabilization ponds in the stabilization pond treatment system is 2-6, and preferably 3-4.

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a fertilizer composition prepared by utilizing aquaculture waste, wherein the fertilizer composition consists of a solid fertilizer and a liquid fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.03-0.07% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the organic matter content is 5-15% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.001-0.05% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 1000-3000mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 100-500mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 300-1800mg/L, and the nitrate nitrogen content is 20-120mg/L, and the preparation method of the solid fertilizer comprises the following steps:

Another object of the invention is the use of the fertilizer composition according to the invention for improving the fertility of soil.

The invention also aims to provide a method for improving soil fertility, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) determining the application amount of solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer in the soil according to the measured value of the soil consumption;

(2) to every 1m²Applying 1-10kg of solid fertilizer in the soil;

(3) and (3) applying a liquid fertilizer water solution with the concentration of 25-75% to the soil obtained in the step (2).

The total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.03-0.07% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the organic matter content is 5-15% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.001-0.05% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 3000mg/L for 1000-one, the total phosphorus content is 500mg/L for 100-one, the ammonia nitrogen content is 1800mg/L for 300-one, and the nitrate nitrogen content is 20-120 mg/L.

In the preferable technical proposal of the invention, crops are sown in the soil obtained in the step (3), liquid fertilizer water solution with the concentration of 25-75 percent is added in the planting period of the crops,

in the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the crop planting period is the fruit growth period of the crops.

The invention also aims at the application of the fertilizer composition prepared from the cultivation waste in the crop cultivation.

Another object of the present invention is a method for growing crops, comprising the steps of:

(1) the dosage of the fertilizer composition is determined according to the required nutrient components of crops and the accounting of the soil consumption;

(2) to every 1m²Applying 1-10kg of solid fertilizer in the soil;

(3) applying 25-75% liquid fertilizer water solution to the soil obtained in the step (2);

(4) sowing crops in the soil obtained in the step (3), and adding liquid fertilizer water solution with the concentration of 25-75% in the planting period of the crops to determine the application amount of solid fertilizer and liquid fertilizer in the soil according to the measured value of the soil consumption;

(5) and harvesting mature crops.

The fertilizer composition is the fertilizer composition prepared by the invention.

In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the content of heavy metal in the mature crops meets the edible requirement.

In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the mature crops can be used as animal feed.

In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the crop is any one of corn, sorghum and rice.

Unless otherwise indicated, when the present invention relates to percentages between liquids, said percentages are volume/volume percentages; the invention relates to the percentage between liquid and solid, said percentage being volume/weight percentage; the invention relates to the percentages between solid and liquid, said percentages being weight/volume percentages; the balance being weight/weight percent.

Unless otherwise stated, the detection method of the present invention is carried out as follows:

1. the soil indexes are detected according to the method shown in the table 1:

TABLE 1

2. Crop test items and methods

TABLE 2

3. Accounting for soil consumption

Refer to GBT25246-2010 technical Specification for livestock and poultry manure returning and technical Manual for measuring and calculating bearing capacity of livestock and poultry manure soil. The fertilizer uptake of the soil was estimated on the basis of the nutrient content of the applied fertilizer composition and on the basis of the actual soil loading.

N-the amount of fertilizer required to be input for a given soil fertility and expected yield per unit area of crop, in tons per hectare (t/hm)²)；

A-the amount of nutrient element that the crop needs to absorb per unit area yield expected, in tons per hectare (t/hm)²)；

S-the amount of nutrient elements absorbed by the crop from the soil (or soil fertility) per unit area of yield expected, in tons per hectare (t/hm)²)；

d-the content of a certain nutrient element in the fertilizer,%;

r-the season utilization of fertilizer,%;

f, in the local agricultural production, the nutrient content of the fertilizer applied to the farmland accounts for the proportion of the total fertilizer application amount.

A＝y×a×10^-2

y-expected yield per unit area in tons per hectare (t/hm)²)；

a-the amount of nutrient absorbed by the crop to produce a yield of 100kg, in kilograms (kg).

4. Soil fertility grade of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic matters

And (4) dividing according to the national second soil census nutrient classification standard (table 3).

TABLE 3

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) provides a new utilization way of the breeding waste, carries out harmless resource utilization on the waste, and returns the waste to the field after reasonable proportioning, thereby realizing the effective improvement of the soil fertility.

(2) The method is simple to operate, low in cost and suitable for production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 waste treatment model Process flow

FIG. 2 plot layout

FIG. 3 change in soil pH

FIG. 4 dynamic change of organic matter content in soil

FIG. 5 Total Nitrogen content of soil

FIG. 6 effective nitrogen content of soil

FIG. 7 Total phosphorus content of soil

FIG. 8 effective phosphorus content of soil

FIG. 9 maize plant leaf area Change

FIG. 10 aerial biomass variation of maize plants

FIG. 11 maize plant height variation

FIG. 12 corn kernel yield variation

FIG. 13 Nitrogen changes in aerial parts of maize plants

FIG. 14 Nitrogen changes in aerial parts of maize plants

FIG. 15 corn kernel nitrogen content variation

FIG. 16 corn kernel nitrogen content variation

Detailed Description

Example 1: preparation of fertilizer compositions

The breeding waste is derived from a two-shepherd pasture of inner Mongolia natural and high-quality animal husbandry, and the breeding waste produced in the cowshed is collected and specifically comprises cattle manure, cattle urine and flushing water. The cultivation waste was subjected to solid-liquid separation using a solid-liquid separator to obtain wastewater (see table 4) and waste residue having a water content of 75%.

And (3) microbial agent: the effective viable count is not less than 100 hundred million/ML by adopting a microbial agent stock solution O.M (various beneficial microorganisms such as bacillus, actinomycete, saccharomyces, trichoderma and the like and various secretory extraspore enzymes thereof) of Shandong Junde biological company

(1) Weighing 1t of waste residues, adding straws according to the volume ratio of 2:1, adding 1.5L/t of microbial inoculum, mixing uniformly, stacking the mixed materials into a stack with the width of 2.8m, the height of 1.5m and the length of 50m, fermenting, and turning the stack once every 2 days. And (3) a fermentation temperature rise stage, wherein the fermentation temperature is 0-50 ℃, and the fermentation lasts for 12 days. And in the high-temperature fermentation stage, the fermentation temperature is 50-55 ℃ and lasts for 7 days. And airing the fermentation product for 2 days to obtain a solid fertilizer with the water content of 45.6%, wherein the solid fertilizer comprises 0.0533% (w/w) of total nitrogen, 0.0177% (w/w) of total phosphorus, 0.0268% (w/w) of ammonia nitrogen, 0.0105% (w/w) of nitrate nitrogen and 9.01% (w/w) of organic matter.

(2) Standing the wastewater for 10h, using separated supernatant to flush a feces conveying pipe, sequentially allowing the residual waste liquid to enter an anaerobic pond, a facultative pond, an aerobic pond and an aerobic pond for four-stage degradation treatment, and allowing each stage of the oxidation pond to stay for 5 days to prepare liquid fertilizer, wherein the liquid fertilizer comprises 2145mg/L of total nitrogen, 340mg/L of total phosphorus, 1223mg/L of ammonia nitrogen and 50.54mg/L of nitrate nitrogen.

TABLE 4

Example 2 Fertilizer composition for improving soil fertility

The experimental plot is located in an experimental field near a natural grazing field in Turmet, Largingzizizizizizizizizizizhu, Hayamura, inner Mongolia autonomous region, and soil indexes of the experimental plot are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5

The corn variety to be tested: ensiling 1381 (inner mongolia corn variety);

and (3) testing fertilizers: mineral element synergist type I (purchased from Shanghai Promega agricultural science and technology development Co., Ltd.), total nutrient (N + P)₂O₅+K₂O)>10％；

And (3) testing and fertilizer fixation: the fertilizer obtained in example 1;

test liquid fertilizer: liquid fertilizer obtained in example 1;

and (3) testing biological fertilizer: powdered bio-organic fertilizer (purchased from bio-fertilizer industries, ltd, large in inner mongolia).

1. Design of experiments

And the fertilization mode is used for setting fertilization treatment by combining the soil fertilizer and water bearing capacity according to a local land flood irrigation mode. 13 groups of fertilization modes are designed in 2018, each fertilization mode is repeated for three times, as shown in a figure 1, cells A1, B1 and C1 are a group of parallel samples, 13 groups of the fertilizer modes are longitudinally arranged, 39 cells are totally included, each cell is independent, an anti-seepage film with the depth of 1 meter is laid in each cell, a 20cm high ridge is built, each cell is 5.2 meters long and 5 meters wide, the interval between the cells is 1 meter, and 8 rows of 13 rows of corns and 104 corns are planted in each cell; in 2019, 2 new

experimental field numbers

14 and 15 are added beside the C1 cell.

According to the investigation, the yield of local corn is 600-800 jin of grains per mu, 2.3kg of pure nitrogen needs to be absorbed when 100kg of grains are generated, and the area of each block of land is 5 multiplied by 5.2m²，1hm²The research aims to absorb the liquid fertilizer as much as possible, and the nutrition of the plants is absorbed from the liquid fertilizer, so that S is 0, the fertilizing amount is calculated according to the required amount of nitrogen, d is 0.2%, the single liquid fertilizer is the fertilizer, f is 100%, and the current season utilization rate is 30%.

A＝400×15/1000×2.3×10^-2＝0.138t/hm²

230t/hm²The converted application amount of the liquid fertilizer required by the growth of the corns in each cell is 0.6t, the fertilizer water bearing capacity of a single cell of the experimental field is 1.68t, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% are set according to 1.68t as the liquid fertilizer application proportion, the liquid fertilizer required by the growth of the corns accounts for 36% of the cell bearing capacity, theoretically, the application mode with the liquid fertilizer proportion of 50% or more meets the nutrient content required by the growth of the corns, and the practical effect is achievedThe practical effect needs to be evaluated by combining indexes such as the aboveground biomass of the corn, the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption amount of the plant and the like, so that the fertilizer is suitable for a local fertilization mode. The experimental fertilizing amount is shown in the table 6.

TABLE 6

3. Sample collection and processing

The crop planted in the experiment is corn, and the corn is divided into a seedling stage (27 days), an elongation stage (52 days), a large flare stage (85 days) and a maturation stage (130-140 days) according to the growth process of the corn (the number of days after sowing); the sampling time of the plants and the soil samples in 2018 is the mature period of the corns; sampling time (specific time is shown in table 7) of the plants and the soil samples in 2019 is four periods, the sampling time is once for each period, the sampling mode in the first three periods is to take the third plant, the sixth plant and the ninth plant of the sixth, the seventh and the eight rows of each experimental cell, the yield is calculated by taking the first 5 rows after the plants are matured, and the plant height and the leaf area of the plants in each period are measured; the plants are sampled and bagged according to the method, then returned to a laboratory for cleaning, dried, ground and sieved to be tested; sampling the soil sample according to a five-point sampling method, filling the soil sample into a plastic bag, returning the soil sample to a laboratory to remove plant residues, stones and other immersion bodies, air-drying and sieving half of the soil sample, detecting the soil sample, and freezing and storing the half of the soil sample at the temperature of-20 ℃ to be detected.

TABLE 7

4. Results of the experiment

The results of the detection of relevant indexes in soil are shown in tables 8-10 and figures 3-8. The results of detecting the relevant indexes in the crops are shown in table 11 and fig. 9-16.

Table 82019 mature period soil heavy metal content

TABLE 92018 analysis of soil fertility correlation in mature period

Note: significance of correlation, significance of correlation

TABLE 102019 analysis of soil fertility correlation in mature period

Note: significance of correlation, significance of correlation

Table 112019 mature period corn plant and its kernel heavy metal content

The above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications according to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fertilizer composition prepared by utilizing aquaculture waste is characterized by comprising a solid fertilizer and a liquid fertilizer, wherein the total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.03-0.07% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the organic matter content is 5-15% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.005-0.08% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.001-0.05% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 3000mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 500mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 1800mg/L and the nitrate nitrogen content is 20-120 mg/L.

2. The fertilizer composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total nitrogen content in the solid fertilizer is 0.04-0.06% (w/w), the total phosphorus content is 0.01-0.05% (w/w), the organic matter content is 8-10% (w/w), the ammonia nitrogen content is 0.01-0.05% (w/w), the nitrate nitrogen content is 0.005-0.03% (w/w), the total nitrogen content in the liquid fertilizer is 1500-2500mg/L, the total phosphorus content is 200-400mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen content is 500-1500mg/L, and the nitrate nitrogen content is 40-100 mg/L.

3. The fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the farming waste is cattle farming waste, preferably dairy cattle farming waste.

4. A fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein said fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

5. The fertilizer composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said microorganism is selected from any one of Bacillus, Actinomycetes, yeasts, Trichoderma or combinations thereof.

6. A fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein said liquid fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

7. A process for preparing a fertilizer composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:

(3) Collecting waste water, standing, removing supernatant, and allowing the residual waste liquid to enter a stabilization pond treatment system, wherein the number of stabilization ponds in the stabilization pond treatment system is not less than 2, preferably any one of an anaerobic pond, an aerobic pond and a facultative pond and the combination thereof, and the residual waste liquid stays in each stabilization pond for 3-10 days to obtain liquid fertilizer.

8. Use of a fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 for improving soil fertility.

9. A method for improving soil fertility is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) determining the application amount of a fertilizer composition in the soil according to the measured value of the soil absorption amount, wherein the fertilizer composition is the fertilizer composition as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and comprises a solid fertilizer and a liquid fertilizer;

(2) to every 1m²Applying 1-10kg of solid fertilizer in the soil;

10. The method of claim 9, wherein crops are sown in the soil obtained in step (3), and a liquid fertilizer aqueous solution with a concentration of 25-75% is added during the planting period of the crops.