CN112381294B - Pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method, which specifically comprises the following steps: s1: associating a river entering sewage outlet in the area with a river basin, and determining the river basin to which the river entering sewage outlet belongs; s2: analyzing the river sewage inlet and the river basin, and judging whether pollutants in the river sewage inlet can enter the river basin; if yes, entering S3, otherwise, reselecting the drainage basin for analysis; s3: dividing the river basin of the river entering sewage outlet into a plurality of river basin sections, and determining the relation between the river entering sewage outlet and the river basin sections. According to the invention, the space comprehensive query analysis is carried out on the sewage outlet, so that the downstream water environment national control and municipal control monitoring drainage basin influenced by the sewage outlet is obtained, the detection precision is improved, and the technical support is provided for promoting the sewage outlet to regulate and improve the water quality stability of the river-entering tributary.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method.
Background
The river-entering sewage outlet is a main way for the land pollutants to flow into surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs from the source, and the pollution discharge intensity of the pollutants is increased to cause serious pollution of the receiving water body, so that the sewage outlet needs to be clearly discharged, and the exceeding sewage outlet is timely remediated, so that the water environment monitoring system is continuously perfected.
At present, in the technical aspect of clear sewage discharge and direction-finding of a sewage outlet entering a river, the system is basically in a manual field detection and estimation stage, a large amount of manpower and material resources are required to be consumed, and the monitoring precision is not high. Therefore, a high and new technology is urgently needed to be researched to provide efficient technical support for clear sewage discharge of a river sewage inlet.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of lower accuracy of analysis and detection of the sewage discharge direction of the river-entering sewage outlet in the prior art, the invention provides a sewage discharge direction prediction analysis method, which obtains the national control and the urban control monitoring section of the downstream water environment influenced by the sewage outlet through space comprehensive query analysis, improves the detection accuracy, and provides technical support for promoting the normal improvement of the sewage outlet and realizing the stable improvement of the water quality of the river-entering tributary.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: associating a river entering sewage outlet in the area with a river basin, and determining the river basin to which the river entering sewage outlet belongs;
s2: analyzing the river sewage inlet and the river basin, and judging whether pollutants in the river sewage inlet can enter the river basin; if yes, entering S3, otherwise, reselecting the drainage basin for analysis;
s3: dividing the river basin to which the river sewage inlet belongs into a plurality of river basin sections, and determining the relation between the river sewage inlet and the river basin sections, namely whether pollutants of the river sewage inlet enter the river basin sections.
Preferably, in the step S1, the method for associating the river sewage inlet and the river basin comprises the following steps:
the distance between the sewage outlet and each drainage basin is calculated based on the Euclidean distance method, the drainage basin with the smallest distance is selected as the drainage basin to which the sewage outlet belongs, and the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), d i Represents the distance, x, between the ith drain outlet and the basin i X-axis coordinate, X representing the ith drain outlet p An X-axis coordinate representing a p-th basin of the basin; y is i Represents the Y-axis coordinate of the ith drain outlet, Y p A Y-axis coordinate representing a p-th basin of the basin; z i Z-axis coordinate of the ith drain outlet is represented, Z p Representing the Z-axis coordinate of the p-th basin of the basin.
Preferably, the step S2 includes the steps of:
s2-1: utilizing contour lines or discrete elevation points to establish an irregular triangular net for the terrain between the sewage outlet and the drainage basin;
s2-2: establishing a DEM according to the irregular triangular net to obtain the slope direction of the sewage outlet:
s2-3: calculating azimuth angles alpha of the sewage outlet and the drainage basin, and if alpha is smaller than 90 degrees, indicating that pollutants of the sewage outlet can enter the drainage basin; if the angle alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 360 degrees, the pollutant at the sewage outlet cannot enter the drainage basin, the drainage basin is reselected from small to large according to the distance to calculate the azimuth angle until the azimuth angle alpha is less than 90 degrees, and the drainage basin is used as the drainage basin of the sewage outlet.
Preferably, the method for establishing the irregular triangular net between the sewage outlet and the drainage basin comprises the following steps:
a first point is selected from the elevation points of the sewage outlet and the topography of the receiving water body, a second point closest to the first point is searched, and the first point and the second point are connected and then serve as initial base lines; searching a third point based on Delaunay rule, and connecting to form a first Delaunay triangle network; and drawing a second triangular net by taking two sides of the first triangular net as new initial base lines, and the like so as to establish an irregular triangular net of the terrain between the sewage outlet and the basin.
Preferably, a slope direction calculation formula of the sewage outlet is as follows:
A＝57.29578×atan2(f x -f y )，if A<0，A＝90-A；if A>90，A＝360-A+90；
else，A＝90-A (2)
in the formula (2), A represents the slope direction of the sewage outlet, f x Represents the elevation change rate of the sewage outlet in the north-south direction, f y The elevation change rate of the sewage outlet in the east-west direction is shown.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the azimuth angle α is:
formula (VI)(3) Wherein alpha represents the azimuth angle of the drain and the basin, (x) p ,y p ) Representing the coordinates of the basin element p, (x) i ,y i ) The coordinates of the drain i are indicated.
Preferably, the step S3 includes the steps of:
s3-1: dividing the center line of the drainage basin to which the drain outlet belongs to obtain a plurality of nodes, and numbering the nodes;
s3-2: dynamically dividing a sewage outlet and a node into a plurality of river basin sections by connecting the river basin and numbering the river basin sections;
s3-3: and determining the relation between the river inlet drain outlet and the river basin section, namely whether pollutants at the river inlet drain outlet enter the river basin section.
Preferably, the dividing method of the river basin small section comprises the following steps:
selecting three nodes JDn, JDn-1 and JDn-2 with minimum node distance from a sewage outlet i, and connecting the three nodes with the sewage outlet i to form two triangles, namely i-JDn-JDn-1 and i-JDn-1-JDn-2; traversing other drain outlets in the area, dynamically dividing the drainage basin into a plurality of drainage basin sections and numbering the drainage basin sections.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the space comprehensive query analysis is carried out on the sewage outlet, so that the national control and the municipal control monitoring drainage basin of the upstream and downstream water environments influenced by the sewage outlet are obtained, the detection precision is improved, and the technical support is provided for promoting the standard regulation of the sewage outlet and realizing the stable improvement of the water quality of the river-entering tributary.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for predicting and analyzing the sewage flowing out of a sewage inlet according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an irregular triangular network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a 3 x 3 mobile grid according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a drain and an azimuth angle α of a basin according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic illustration of a watershed segment division according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and embodiments. It should not be construed that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, and all techniques realized based on the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: and associating the river entering sewage outlet in the area with the river basin, and determining the river basin to which the river entering sewage outlet belongs.
In this embodiment, since the pollutant at the sewage inlet and outlet is required to be analyzed, a certain area (the river basin with the length of 10 Km) can be selected for centralized analysis, and other areas are similar. The river basin refers to a water body such as a river, a reservoir and the like with the length of 10Km near the sewage outlet. And respectively calculating the distances between all the sewage outlets and the watershed in the area, and obtaining a relation table of the sewage outlets and the watershed.
In this embodiment, each drain in the area has a unique number, such as PWK001, PWK002, etc. Firstly, dividing a selected area into different drainage basins, wherein each drainage basin is provided with a number, such as LY001, LY002, LY00n and the like, establishing a three-dimensional space coordinate system of a drain outlet and the drainage basin based on a plane 2000 geodetic coordinate system and a 1985 national elevation reference, and calculating the distance between the drain outlet and each drainage basin based on an Euclidean distance method, wherein the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula (1), d i Represents the distance, x, between the ith drain outlet and the basin i X-axis coordinate, X representing the ith drain outlet p An X-axis coordinate representing a p-th basin of the basin; y is i Represents the Y-axis coordinate of the ith drain outlet, Y p A Y-axis coordinate representing a p-th basin of the basin; z i Z-axis coordinate of the ith drain outlet is represented, Z p Representing the Z-axis coordinate of the p-th basin of the basin.
Through the relevance to the distance between sewage outlet and the basin to the code of two types drain and basin each other is recorded, the relation table is formed, including drain number, basin number and distance etc..
For example, the selected area is divided into n watershed and sequentially numbered (LY 001, LY002,.. LYn-1, LYn), and the drain outlet numbered PWK001 is selected for distance calculation, so that a relationship table can be obtained as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 drain and basin relationship table
| Sequence number | Sewage outlet numbering | Basin numbering | Distance (km) |
| 1 | PWK001 | LY001 | 3.25 |
| 2 | PWK001 | LY002 | 4.43 |
| 3 | PWK001 | LY003 | 1.25 |
| ...... | ...... | ...... | ...... |
| n-1 | PWK001 | LYn-1 | 7.24 |
| n | PWK001 | LYn | 3.27 |
S2: analyzing the sewage outlet and the belonging watershed to see whether pollutants at the sewage outlet can enter the belonging watershed; if yes, S3 is entered, otherwise, the drainage basin is reselected for analysis until the pollutant at the sewage outlet is determined to enter the drainage basin.
In this embodiment, after the relation table between the sewage outlet and the drainage basin is obtained, the drainage basin with the smallest distance is selected as the receiving water body (the drainage basin) of the sewage outlet. However, due to the influence of the topography, the relationship between the sewage outlet and the receiving water body needs to be further determined, namely whether the pollutants at the sewage outlet can enter the receiving water body.
S2-1: irregular triangular networks are established for the terrain using contour lines or discrete heights Cheng Dian.
As shown in fig. 2, a point 1 is selected from the elevation points of the sewage outlet and the topography of the receiving water body, a second point 2 closest to the point is searched, and the first point 1 and the second point 2 are connected and then serve as initial base lines 1-2; searching a third point 3 based on Delaunay rule, and connecting to form a first Delaunay triangulation network 1-2-3; and drawing a second triangular net by taking two sides (1-3 and 2-3) of the first triangular net as new initial baselines. And the like, so as to establish an irregular triangular net of the sewage outlet and the topography of the receiving water body.
S2-2: and establishing a DEM according to the irregular triangular net to obtain the slope direction of the sewage outlet.
And (5) introducing the drain outlet coordinate information into the established digital elevation model to obtain drain outlet elevation information. The sewage outlet is provided with coordinate information (X, Y), the digital elevation model is expressed as (X, Y, Z), Z is an elevation, the elevation is obtained by matching according to the X and the Y, and the slope information of the sewage outlet is further obtained according to the following calculation formula.
Slope S, slope a at a point on the surface are functions of the elevation change rate of the terrain surface function z=f (x, y) in the east-west and north-south directions, namely:
in the formula (2), f x Represents the elevation change rate of any point in the north-south direction, f y The elevation change rate in the east-west direction at any point is represented.
Establishing DEM (Digital elevation model, mathematical elevation model) from irregular triangular mesh, solving f by numerical differentiation method or local curve fitting method on DEM, typically in 3×3 moving grid (as shown in FIG. 3) x And f y . The 3 x 3 moving grid would access each pel in the input grid, and the slope value of each pel located at the center of the moving grid would be calculated by an algorithm that would incorporate the values of eight adjacent pels. The slope calculation is performed by using a third-order inverse distance square weight difference.
f y ＝((c+2f+i)-(a+2d+g)/(8×G)
f x ＝((g+2h+i)-(a+2b+c))/(8×G) (3)
In formula (3), a, b, c, d, f, g, h, i represents the pixels in a 3×3 moving grid, f x Is the elevation change rate in the north-south direction, f y Is the east-west elevation change rate, G is the 3 x 3 moving grid pitch.
Bringing the change rate of the pixel e in the x direction and the y direction, and calculating by the following algorithm to obtain the slope A: a= 57.29578 ×atan2 (f x -f y )，if A<0，A＝90-A；if A>90，A＝360-A+90；else，A＝90-A。
After the slope information of the sewage outlet is obtained, the azimuth angles of the sewage outlet and the belonging river basin are combined, and whether pollutants of the sewage outlet can enter the belonging river basin can be accurately judged.
S2-3: calculating azimuth angles alpha of the sewage outlet and the drainage basin, and if alpha is smaller than 90 degrees, indicating that pollutants of the sewage outlet can enter the drainage basin; if the angle alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 360 degrees, the pollutant at the sewage outlet cannot enter the basin, and azimuth calculation is carried out by selecting the basin from small to large according to the distance until the azimuth angle alpha is less than 90 degrees.
As shown in fig. 4, the coordinates of the drain outlet i are (x i ,y i ) The coordinates of the basin element p are (x p ,y p ) Connecting the sewage outlet i with the river basin element p to obtain an azimuth angle, namely, pointing the sewage outlet to the river basin direction alpha:
i.e. < ->
In the formula (4), alpha represents the azimuth angle of the drain outlet and the drainage basin, (x) p ,y p ) Representing the coordinates of the basin element p, (x) i ,y i ) The coordinates of the drain i are indicated.
The angular value of the azimuth of the coordinates ranges from 0 DEG to 360 DEG, and the angular value of the arctan function ranges from-90 DEG to +90 DEG, which are inconsistent. When the azimuth angle is calculated according to the formula (4), the quadrant angle is calculated, so that the quadrant where the azimuth angle is positioned is determined according to the positive and negative signs of the coordinate increment Deltax and Deltay, and then the quadrant angle is converted into the corresponding azimuth angle, if alpha is smaller than 90 degrees, the pollutant at the sewage outlet can enter the affiliated drainage basin, namely the receiving water body; if the angle alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 360 degrees, the pollutant at the sewage outlet cannot enter the basin, and azimuth calculation is carried out by selecting the basin from small to large according to the distance until the azimuth angle alpha is less than 90 degrees.
TABLE 2 quadrant scaling of azimuth angle alpha
| Quadrant with a plurality of quadrants | Azimuth angle alpha | Δx | Δy |
| Ⅰ | 0°～90° | + | + |
| Ⅱ | 90°～180° | － | + |
| Ⅲ | 180°～270° | － | － |
| Ⅳ | 270°～360° | + | － |
After the analysis of the sewage outlet and the affiliated drainage basin is finished, whether the pollutants of the sewage outlet can enter the affiliated drainage basin can be accurately judged, but the drainage basin has a flowing direction, namely the upstream-downstream relationship between the sewage outlet and the affiliated drainage basin is considered, so that the step S3 is needed to be carried out, and more accurate pollution direction analysis is carried out.
S3: dividing the drainage outlet into a plurality of drainage basin sections, and determining the relation between the drainage outlet and the drainage basin sections.
S3-1: dividing the center line of the drainage basin to which the drainage outlet belongs to obtain a plurality of nodes, numbering the nodes, and obtaining a correlation table of the drainage outlet and the center line node of the drainage basin.
Generating a watershed center line (center line refers to the middle of the width of the watershed) based on the watershed shoreline; generating nodes (in GIS data, linear data is formed by connecting nodes, a straight line at least comprises 2 nodes and is formed by connecting the nodes) based on a river basin center line, numbering the nodes, such as JD001, JDn and the like, and generating the river center line nodes by using a GIS platform center line-to-node basic tool; and calculating the distance between the sewage outlet and each drainage basin center line node, wherein the calculation formula can refer to the formula (1), so that a correlation table of the sewage outlet i and the drainage basin center line node is obtained, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 correlation table of drain and basin centerline nodes
S3-2: and dynamically dividing the sewage outlet and the node into a plurality of river basin sections for numbering.
As shown in FIG. 5, three nodes with the smallest distance, such as JDn, JDn-1 and JDn-2, are selected to be respectively connected with the drain outlet i to form two triangles, i.e. i-JDn-JDn-1 and i-JDn-1-JDn-2. Traversing other drain openings in the area, adopting a similar method, dynamically dividing the drainage basin into a plurality of drainage basin sections and numbering the drainage basin sections. And meanwhile, the angle alpha 1 and the angle alpha 2 are judged, and if the angle is 90 degrees, the node JDn-1 is subjected to point expanding operation (movement is +/-1 meter).
The method effectively avoids the problem that the drain outlet belongs to the drainage basin and the upstream and downstream cannot be distinguished due to the fact that the drainage basin is divided by a fixed value; and finally, numbering each divided small segment of the river basin by adopting an encoding rule of increasing upstream to downstream encoding values according to the flowing direction of the river basin flowing through the region.
S3-3: and determining the relation between the river inlet drain outlet and the river basin section, namely whether pollutants at the river inlet drain outlet enter the river basin section.
Based on space neighborhood analysis in the GIS platform, the small river basin section closest to the current sewage outlet is obtained, and because according to S2, pollutants at the sewage outlet can enter the affiliated river basin definitely, and the pollutants enter the small river basin section divided by the affiliated river basin.
The upstream-downstream relation between the sewage outlet and the monitoring section is recorded in the data investigation process, so that the monitoring section closest to the current river basin small section is obtained again according to the space neighborhood analysis in the GIS platform, if the obtained monitoring section is located at the upstream of the current sewage outlet, the analysis result is not counted, otherwise, the predicted analysis result of the sewage outlet is finally obtained, namely the information of the downstream water environment monitoring section which is influenced by the sewage outlet.
The drain outlet pollution discharge direction prediction analysis is carried out, the monitoring section information of the periphery of the influence of the drain outlet can be obtained, and technical support is provided for the standardized adjustment of the pushing-in drain outlet and the stable improvement of the river-entering tributary water quality.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples of carrying out the invention and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: associating a river entering sewage outlet in the area with a river basin, and determining the river basin to which the river entering sewage outlet belongs;
s2: analyzing the river sewage inlet and the river basin, and judging whether pollutants in the river sewage inlet can enter the river basin; if yes, entering S3, otherwise, reselecting the drainage basin for analysis;
the step S2 comprises the following steps:
s2-1: utilizing contour lines or discrete elevation points to establish an irregular triangular net for the terrain between the sewage outlet and the drainage basin;
the method for establishing the irregular triangular net between the sewage outlet and the drainage basin comprises the following steps of:
a first point is selected from the elevation points of the sewage outlet and the topography of the receiving water body, a second point closest to the first point is searched, and the first point and the second point are connected and then serve as initial base lines; searching a third point based on Delaunay rule, and connecting to form a first Delaunay triangle network; then, two sides of the first triangular net are used as new initial base lines, a second triangular net is drawn, and the like, so that an irregular triangular net of the terrain between the sewage outlet and the affiliated drainage basin is established;
s2-2: establishing a DEM according to the irregular triangular net to obtain the slope direction of the sewage outlet;
the slope direction calculation formula of the sewage outlet is as follows:
A＝57.29578×atan2(f x -f y )，if A<0，A＝90-A；if A>90，A＝360-A+90；
else， A＝90-A (1)
in the formula (1), A represents the slope direction of a sewage outlet, and f x Represents the elevation change rate of the sewage outlet in the north-south direction, f y The elevation change rate of the sewage outlet in the east-west direction is represented;
s2-3: calculating azimuth angles alpha of the sewage outlet and the drainage basin, and if alpha is smaller than 90 degrees, indicating that pollutants of the sewage outlet can enter the drainage basin; if the angle alpha is more than or equal to 90 degrees and less than or equal to 360 degrees, indicating that the pollutant at the sewage outlet cannot enter the affiliated drainage basin, reselecting the drainage basin from small to large according to the distance, and calculating the azimuth angle until the azimuth angle alpha is less than 90 degrees, wherein the drainage basin is used as the affiliated drainage basin of the sewage outlet;
s3: dividing the river basin to which the river sewage inlet belongs into a plurality of river basin sections, and determining the relation between the river sewage inlet and the river basin sections, namely whether pollutants of the river sewage inlet enter the river basin sections.
2. The method for predicting and analyzing the sewage outlet of a river according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the method for associating the sewage outlet of the river with the river basin comprises the following steps:
the distance between the sewage outlet and each drainage basin is calculated based on the Euclidean distance method, the drainage basin with the smallest distance is selected as the drainage basin to which the sewage outlet belongs, and the specific formula is as follows:
in the formula (2), d i Represents the distance, x, between the ith drain outlet and the basin i X-axis coordinate, X representing the ith drain outlet p An X-axis coordinate representing a p-th basin of the basin; y is i Represents the Y-axis coordinate of the ith drain outlet, Y p A Y-axis coordinate representing a p-th basin of the basin; z i Z-axis coordinate of the ith drain outlet is represented, Z p Representing the Z-axis coordinate of the p-th basin of the basin.
3. The blowdown forward prediction analysis method of claim 1, wherein the azimuth angle α is calculated by the formula:
in the formula (3), alpha represents the azimuth angle of the drain outlet and the drainage basin, (x) p ,y p ) Representing the coordinates of the basin element p, (x) i ,y i ) The coordinates of the drain i are indicated.
4. A method of predictive analysis of a blowdown forward direction as claimed in claim 1, wherein S3 comprises the steps of:
s3-1: dividing the center line of the drainage basin to which the drain outlet belongs to obtain a plurality of nodes, and numbering the nodes;
s3-2: dynamically dividing a sewage outlet and a node into a plurality of river basin sections by connecting the river basin and numbering the river basin sections;
s3-3: and determining the relation between the river inlet drain outlet and the river basin section, namely whether pollutants at the river inlet drain outlet enter the river basin section.
5. The blowdown forward prediction analysis method of claim 4, wherein the dividing method of the river basin segments is as follows:
selecting three nodes JDn, JDn-1 and JDn-2 with minimum node distance from a sewage outlet i, and connecting the three nodes with the sewage outlet i to form two triangles, namely i-JDn-JDn-1 and i-JDn-1-JDn-2; traversing other drain outlets in the area, dynamically dividing the drainage basin into a plurality of drainage basin sections and numbering the drainage basin sections.
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