CN104537717A - Acquisition method for watercourse underwater terrain thematic map - Google Patents
Acquisition method for watercourse underwater terrain thematic map Download PDFInfo
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- CN104537717A CN104537717A CN201410799127.4A CN201410799127A CN104537717A CN 104537717 A CN104537717 A CN 104537717A CN 201410799127 A CN201410799127 A CN 201410799127A CN 104537717 A CN104537717 A CN 104537717A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an acquisition method for a watercourse underwater terrain thematic map. The method comprises the following steps that first, a digital elevation model is created according to TIN data generated by elevation points and contour line data; second, optimizing process is carried out on the digital elevation model obtained in the first step; third, an illumination model is created, and the illumination model is utilized to carry out illumination model process on the digital elevation model optimized in the second step; fourth, model superposition and rendering are carried out, and then displaying is carried out. According to the acquisition method for the watercourse underwater terrain thematic map, the more vivid and intuitive watercourse thematic map with third dimension can be acquired; the variation trend of the watercourse terrain can be intuitively reflected, the availability in actual production is strong, and the appreciation is provided; meanwhile, the drawing efficiency is high, the production cost is low, and batch drawing can be accomplished by a procedure according to thematic map parameters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of the technology of river course drawing, the present invention relates to a kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods.
Technical background
Thematic maps (thematic map), also known as particular map, represents emphatically the map of one or several physical features or socioeconomic phenomenon.The content of thematic maps is made up of two parts: 1. topical content.The outstanding nature that represents or socioeconomic phenomenon and features relevant thereof on figure.2. geographical basis.In order to indicate the general map content of thematic factor locus and geographical background, mainly contain graticules, water system, boundary, settlement place etc.
River topography thematic maps is the particular map of reflection river topography information, highlights river topography information.The exploitation of river topography thematic map in river course and regulation, the major issue such as sustainable development and river ecological balance relating to the tie society economy such as flood control, water supply, shipping has important effect.River topography figure is river course general plan, river regulation, dyke building build necessary Data Source.
The differentiation in research riverbed be unable to do without visual to river topography with regulation, and be at present all to describe river channel information with river course line layout figure about river topography figure, content-form is single, express inadequate visual pattern and require specialty strong, in order to show the variation tendency of river course topographic change of river bed and river topography more intuitively, it is very necessary for making a kind of topomap with good visualization effect.But in the prior art, this is still extremely short of on the one hand.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, propose one can mapping effect good, drawing is more accurate, the river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods that availability is strong.
Technical scheme: the invention provides a kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: by measuring the spot elevation and contour line data that obtain underwater topography, the height value in attribute is selected to be height source, with level line for firmly to cut off line, spot elevation is discrete multiple spot, generate TIN (triangulatedirregular network, hereinafter referred TIN), create the digital elevation model in river course;
Step 2: be optimized process to obtaining digital elevation model in step 1;
Step 3: simulated solar irradiation radiation response, setting light source elevation angle and position angle, illumination model is set up on the basis of the optimised digital elevation model of step 2;
Step 4: digital elevation model superposes with illumination model and plays up and show.
Further, in described step 2, optimized treatment method comprises the following steps:
Step 201: utilize digital elevation model to create intensive isoline;
Step 202: isoline is optimized according to the threshold value of specifying, delete the level line that length is less than threshold value, wherein the determination of threshold value is relevant with the quality of data, and with millesimal ratio-dependent threshold size, the data volume namely lower than threshold value is the per mille of overall data;
Step 203: utilize the isoline that step 202 is optimised, repeats step 1, generating digital elevation model;
Step 204: to the smoothing process of digital elevation model generated in step 203;
Step 205: setting critical value, described critical value is the depression points degree of depth and the maximum permission difference between coming down in torrents a little, critical value will be less than and all depression points lower than its minimum adjacent picture elements are all filled into its height come down in torrents a little, thus the landform in small, broken bits in removal digital elevation model, wherein depression points refers to the pixel in direction, undefined basin; Pixel around it is all higher than it, and coming down in torrents is some the border pixel minimum relative to the region elevation that confluxes of depression points.
Step 206: the steep slope topography in digital elevation model is optimized.
Further, described illumination model process, the illumination shade based on massif is theoretical, in conjunction with angle and the shade of light source, creates riverbed physiognomy hill shading, generates the method for river topography echo.
Further, described step 4 mainly comprises following steps:
Step 401: the rendering parameter in digital elevation model is set;
Step 402: the rendering parameter that river topography echo is set;
Step 403: the rendering parameter of step 401 and 402 process is carried out Overlapping display.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, the present invention can obtain vivider, more directly perceived and have relief river course thematic maps; Can embody the variation tendency of river topography intuitively, in actual production, availability is strong simultaneously, and have can appreciating simultaneously; Moreover the present invention is different from three-dimensional artificial modeling popular at present, the multinomial work such as need modeling, conversion, complexity to play up, the present invention sets up the model based on GIS, and drawing efficiency is high, and production cost is low, can complete batch drawing according to thematic map parameter program.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2: raw-data map;
Fig. 3: digital elevation model optimum results figure;
Fig. 4: illumination model sets up result figure;
Fig. 5: data investigation visualization result figure;
Fig. 6: end result figure.
Embodiment
Below choose the part underwater topography data in Yangtze River in Nanjing Eight Diagrams continent, data are obtained by bathymetric surveying by river course, Nanjing.With example, enforcement of the present invention is described further by reference to the accompanying drawings, but enforcement of the present invention and comprising is not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1, river course provided by the invention underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, comprises the following steps:
Step 1: generating digital elevation model; Mainly comprise the following steps:
Step 101, as shown in Figure 2, spot elevation and contour line data that bathymetric surveying obtains is obtained from river course, Nanjing, the height value in attribute is selected to be height source, with level line for firmly to cut off line, spot elevation is discrete multiple spot, generates TIN and converts raster data form to, retain the height value of data, namely create the digital elevation model in LE river course.Wherein, spot elevation and contour line data are generated TIN data by the generation TIN instrument utilizing river course drafting instrument to concentrate.River course drafting instrument collection is the river course drawing specific purpose tool collection developed for completing the drawing of this patent river course, can import use in ArcMap software, this tool set write by the python script based on ArcGIS10.2, comprises Mass production TIN, TIN turnstilees lattice, extracts the functions such as level line.
Step 102, the TIN utilizing river course drafting instrument to concentrate turnstilees lattice instrument, and adopt natural neighbor method interpolation, the resampling Pixel size arranging output grid is 1, and TIN TIN is converted to digital elevation model.
Step 2: optimize digital elevation model; This step comprises following sub-step:
Step 201, utilizes elevation model to extract isoline; The extraction isoline instrument utilizing river course drafting instrument to concentrate, first by raster data vector quantization, then carries out matching, and extract isoline, wherein isoline spacing is less than former isocontour spacing.
Step 202, is optimized the threshold value that isoline carries out according to specifying; Utilize river course drafting instrument collection isoline optimization tool, according to isocontour graphic length attribute, setting threshold value, remove the level line in small, broken bits that length is less than threshold value, wherein the determination of threshold value is relevant with the quality of data, with millesimal ratio-dependent threshold size, the data volume namely lower than threshold value is the per mille of overall data.
Step 203, the isoline generating digital elevation model utilizing step 202 optimised and optimised isoline integrating step 102 generate the digital elevation model after optimizing;
Step 204, digital elevation model smoothing processing; Utilize river course drafting instrument collection smoothing processing instrument by river topography smoothing processing.Wherein the model formation of smoothing processing is:
Con(dem>＝0,Int(dem)+0.5,Int(dem)-0.5)
In formula, dem needs level and smooth Law of DEM Data.
Step 205, the abnormal landform in digital elevation model is removed; Utilize the abnormal landform handling implement that river course drafting instrument is concentrated, setting critical value, the i.e. depression points degree of depth and the maximum permission difference between coming down in torrents a little, critical value will be less than and all depression points lower than its minimum adjacent picture elements are all filled into its height come down in torrents a little, thus the landform in small, broken bits in removal digital elevation model, realize the further smoothing processing to digital elevation model.Wherein depression points refers to the pixel in direction, undefined basin; Pixel around it is all higher than it, and coming down in torrents is some the border pixel minimum relative to the region elevation that confluxes of depression points;
Step 206, to the steep slope topography optimization in digital elevation model.Both sides topography variation in river course is very fast, forms abrupt slope, can form the abrupt slope line than comparatively dense, carry out abrupt slope optimization process have more intuitive effect of visualization when not affecting river topography trend in digital elevation model.The abrupt slope optimization tool utilizing river course drafting instrument to concentrate, is optimized the region, abrupt slope in digital model.
As shown in Figure 3.Represent river topography with shade in digital elevation model optimum results figure, the dark expression lower section of height above sea level, light color represents the higher section of height above sea level.According to height above sea level difference, river course elevation is divided into 18 grades of displays simultaneously.
Step 3: set up illumination model; Topomap can be made to have stereoscopic sensation intuitively generation Shaded relief map according to illumination theoretical model.River course drafting instrument is utilized to concentrate river course shade instrument, setting party's parallactic angle, elevation angle parameter.Produce relief two-dimensional map according to the visual theory of human eye, position angle is set to 315 °, and elevation angle is set to 45 ° of degree best results.Illumination model sets up result figure.As shown in Figure 4, concave affect represents the lower section of height above sea level, and relief represents the higher section of height above sea level.Be open-wire line towards sunny side level line, in the shade level line is concealed wire.
Step 4: model superposes and plays up and show; Mainly comprise the following steps:
Step 401: digital elevation model rendering parameter is arranged; The layer properties dialog box opening data in ArcMap software is carried out unique value to the data processed in step 4 and is played up, and plays up colour band and selects light greyly to be transitioned into the progressive coloured of Dark grey.
Step 402: river topography echo rendering parameter is arranged; Echo plays up the echo opening generation in ArcMap software, carries out stretching play up echo, and colour band selects light gray to be transitioned into the progressive coloured of Dark grey.
Step 403: the data of step 401 and 402 process are carried out Overlapping display.In ArcMap software, open the layer properties dialog box of digital elevation model, in show toolbar, its transparency is set to 30%, be superimposed upon on echo, as shown in Figure 5.In data investigation visualization result figure, with shade and concave-convex surface, the depth to river course shows simultaneously.Color depth and depression effect represent the lower section of height above sea level, look shallow and relief represents the higher section of height above sea level.Map appearance can also be carried out; Such as in map, insert engineer's scale, north arrow, legend etc.End result figure as shown in Figure 6.
Claims (4)
1. a river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1: by measuring the spot elevation and contour line data that obtain underwater topography, select the height value in attribute to be height source, with level line for firmly to cut off line, spot elevation is discrete multiple spot, generates TIN, creates the digital elevation model in river course;
Step 2: be optimized process to obtaining digital elevation model in step 1;
Step 3: simulated solar irradiation radiation response, setting light source elevation angle and position angle, illumination model is set up on the basis of the optimised digital elevation model of step 2;
Step 4: digital elevation model superposes with illumination model and plays up and show.
2. river course according to claim 1 underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, is characterized in that: in described step 2, optimized treatment method comprises the following steps:
Step 201: utilize digital elevation model to create intensive isoline;
Step 202: be optimized according to the threshold value of specifying isoline, deletes the level line that length is less than threshold value;
Step 203: utilize the isoline that step 202 is optimised, repeats step 1, generating digital elevation model;
Step 204: to the smoothing process of digital elevation model generated in step 203;
Step 205: setting critical value, described critical value is the depression points degree of depth and the maximum permission difference between coming down in torrents a little, critical value will be less than and all depression points lower than its minimum adjacent picture elements are all filled into its height come down in torrents a little, thus the landform in small, broken bits in removal digital elevation model, wherein depression points refers to the pixel in direction, undefined basin; Pixel around it is all higher than it, and coming down in torrents is some the border pixel minimum relative to the region elevation that confluxes of depression points;
Step 206: the steep slope topography in digital elevation model is optimized.
3. river course according to claim 1 underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, it is characterized in that: described illumination model is theoretical based on the illumination shade of massif, in conjunction with angle and the shade of light source, create riverbed physiognomy hill shading, generate the transaction module of river topography echo.
4. river course according to claim 1 underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, is characterized in that: described step 4 mainly comprises following steps:
Step 401: the rendering parameter in digital elevation model is set;
Step 402: the rendering parameter that river topography echo is set;
Step 403: the rendering parameter of step 401 and 402 process is carried out Overlapping display.
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