CN104537717B - A kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods - Google Patents
A kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN104537717B CN104537717B CN201410799127.4A CN201410799127A CN104537717B CN 104537717 B CN104537717 B CN 104537717B CN 201410799127 A CN201410799127 A CN 201410799127A CN 104537717 B CN104537717 B CN 104537717B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, comprise the following steps：Step 1：The TIN data creation digital elevation models generated according to elevational point and contour line data；Step 2：Processing is optimized to obtaining digital elevation model in step 1；Step 3：Illumination model is set up, and illumination model processing is carried out to the digital elevation model optimized in step 2 using illumination model；Step 4：Model is superimposed with rendering and being shown.The present invention results in vivider, more directly perceived and has relief river course thematic maps；The variation tendency of river topography can be intuitively embodied simultaneously, availability is strong in actual production, can appreciating while having；Furthermore the drawing efficiency of the present invention is high, production cost is low, can complete batch according to thematic graph parameter program and chart.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of the technology of river course drawing, the present invention relates to a kind of acquisition of river course underwater topography thematic maps
Method.
Technical background
Thematic maps (thematic map), also known as particular map, represent emphatically one or several kinds of physical features or society
The map of economic phenomenon.The content of thematic maps is made up of two parts：1. topical content.The prominent nature represented or society on figure
Economic phenomenon and its relevant feature.2. geographical basis.General map to indicate thematic factor locus and geographical background
Content, mainly there is graticules, water system, boundary, settlement place etc..
River topography thematic maps is the particular map for reflecting river topography information, highlights river topography information.River
Road landform thematic map is related to sustainable development and the river of the tie society economy such as flood control, water supply, shipping in the exploitation and regulation in river course
Play the role of in the major issues such as the stream ecological balance important.River topography figure is river course overall planning, river regulation, dyke work
Data source necessary to Cheng Jianshe.
The differentiation and regulation of studying riverbed be unable to do without the visualization to river topography, and are all on river topography figure at present
River channel information is described with river course line layout figure, content-form is single, express inadequate visual pattern and require strong to specialty, in order to more
Intuitively show the variation tendency of river course topographic change of river bed and river topography, make a kind of with good visualization effect
Topographic map is very necessary.But in the prior art, what this aspect was still extremely short of.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to propose one kind can mapping effect it is good,
Chart more accurate, the strong river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods of availability.
Technical scheme：The invention provides a kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The height value obtained by measuring in the elevational point and contour line data of underwater topography, selection attribute is height
Degree source, using contour as hard partition line, elevational point is discrete multiple spot, generation TIN (triangulated
Irregular network, hereinafter referred TIN), create the digital elevation model in river course；
Step 2：Processing is optimized to obtaining digital elevation model in step 1；
Step 3：Simulated solar irradiation radiation response, setting light source elevation angle and azimuth, the numeral optimized in step 2 are high
Illumination model is set up on the basis of journey model；
Step 4：Digital elevation model is superimposed with rendering and showing with illumination model.
Further, optimized treatment method comprises the following steps in the step 2：
Step 201：Intensive isopleth is created using digital elevation model；
Step 202：Isopleth is optimized according to specified threshold value, the contour that length is less than threshold value is deleted, wherein
The determination of threshold value is relevant with the quality of data, is with millesimal ratio-dependent threshold size, the i.e. data volume less than threshold value
The one thousandth of overall data；
Step 203：The isopleth optimized using step 202, repeat step 1 generates digital elevation model；
Step 204：The digital elevation model generated in step 203 is smoothed；
Step 205：Set critical value, the critical value is depression points depth and the maximum allowable difference between coming down in torrents a little,
Its height come down in torrents a little will be all filled into less than critical value and less than all depression points of its minimum adjacent picture elements, so as to remove divisor
Landform in small, broken bits in word elevation model, wherein depression points refer to the pixel in undefined basin direction；Pixel around it is above
It, it is a little the border pixel minimum relative to the region elevation that confluxes of depression points to come down in torrents.
Step 206：Steep slope topography in digital elevation model is optimized.
Further, the illumination model processing, the illumination shade based on massif is theoretical, with reference to the angle and the moon of light source
Shadow, creates riverbed physiognomy hill shading, the method for generating river topography echo.
Further, the step 4 is mainly comprised the steps of：
Step 401：Rendering parameter in digital elevation model is set；
Step 402：The rendering parameter of river topography echo is set；
Step 403：Step 401 and 402 rendering parameters handled are overlapped display.
Beneficial effect：Compared with prior art, the present invention results in vivider, more directly perceived and has relief river course
Thematic maps；The variation tendency of river topography can be intuitively embodied simultaneously, availability is strong in actual production, can while having
Appreciating；Furthermore the present invention be different from three-dimensional artificial modeling popular at present, it is necessary to model, convert, the multinomial work such as complexity is rendered
Make, the present invention sets up the model based on GIS, drawing efficiency is high, and production cost is low, can be according to the completion batch of thematic graph parameter program
Amount drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：The schematic flow sheet of the present invention；
Fig. 2：Raw-data map；
Fig. 3：Digital elevation model optimum results figure；
Fig. 4：Illumination model sets up result figure；
Fig. 5：Data investigation visualization result figure；
Fig. 6：End result figure.
Embodiment
The part underwater topography data in Yangtze River in Nanjing Eight Diagrams continent are chosen below, and data are passed through under water by Nanjing river course
Shape measurement is obtained.The implementation of the present invention is described further with reference to accompanying drawing and example, but the implementation of the present invention and comprising not limiting
In this.
As shown in figure 1, the river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods that the present invention is provided, comprise the following steps:
Step 1：Generate digital elevation model；Mainly include the following steps that：
Step 101, as shown in Fig. 2 obtaining elevational point and the contour line number that bathymetric surveying is obtained at the river course of Nanjing
According to the height value in selection attribute is height source, using contour as hard partition line, and elevational point is discrete multiple spot, generates TIN and turns
Change raster data form into, the height value of retention data creates the digital elevation model in LE river courses.Wherein, river course system is utilized
Elevational point and contour line data are generated TIN data by the generation TIN instruments in figure tool set.River course drafting instrument collection is for completion
This patent river course chart and develop river course drawing specific purpose tool collection, can import and use in ArcMap softwares, the tool set by
Python scripts based on ArcGIS10.2 are write, including Mass production TIN, and TIN turnstilees lattice, extracts the work(such as contour
Energy.
Step 102, the TIN concentrated using river course drafting instrument is turnstiled lattice instrument, using natural neighbor method interpolation, is set defeated
The resampling Pixel size for going out grid is 1, and TIN TINs are converted into digital elevation model.
Step 2：Optimize digital elevation model；The step includes following sub-step：
Step 201, isopleth is extracted using elevation model；The equivalent the Line tool of extraction concentrated using river course drafting instrument,
First by raster data vector quantization, then it is fitted, extracts isopleth, wherein isopleth spacing is less than the spacing of former contour.
Step 202, isopleth is carried out optimizing according to specified threshold value；It is excellent using river course drafting instrument collection isopleth
Chemical industry has, and according to the graphic length attribute of contour, given threshold removes the contour in small, broken bits that length is less than threshold value, wherein threshold
The determination of value is relevant with the quality of data, is whole with millesimal ratio-dependent threshold size, the i.e. data volume less than threshold value
The one thousandth of volume data.
Step 203, the isopleth generation digital elevation model optimized using step 202 and the isopleth optimized are combined
Digital elevation model after step 102 generation optimization；
Step 204, digital elevation model smoothing processing；Using river course drafting instrument collection smoothing processing instrument by river topography
Smoothing processing.The model formation of wherein smoothing processing is：
Con(dem>=0, Int (dem)+0.5, Int (dem) -0.5)
In formula, dem is the smooth Law of DEM Data of needs.
Step 205, the abnormal landform in digital elevation model is removed；The abnormal terrain concentrated using river course drafting instrument
Science and engineering has, the maximum allowable difference between setting critical value, i.e. depression points depth and coming down in torrents a little, will be less than critical value and less than it
All depression points of minimum adjacent picture elements are all filled into its height come down in torrents a little, so as to remove in digital elevation model finely
Shape, realizes the further smoothing processing to digital elevation model.Wherein depression points refer to the pixel in undefined basin direction；Its
The pixel of surrounding is above it, and it is a little the border pixel minimum relative to the region elevation that confluxes of depression points to come down in torrents；
Step 206, the steep slope topography in digital elevation model is optimized.Both sides topography variation in river course is very fast, is formed
Abrupt slope, can form the abrupt slope line than comparatively dense in digital elevation model, be carried out in the case where not influenceing river topography trend
Abrupt slope optimization processing has more intuitive effect of visualization.The abrupt slope optimization tool concentrated using river course drafting instrument, to numeral
Abrupt slope region in model is optimized.
As shown in Figure 3.River topography is represented with shade in digital elevation model optimum results figure, dark color represents height above sea level
Relatively low section, light color represents the higher section of height above sea level.River course elevation is divided into 18 grades of displays according to height above sea level difference simultaneously.
Step 3：Set up illumination model；To generate Shaded relief map according to illumination theoretical model can be such that topographic map has intuitively
Third dimension.River course shade instrument is concentrated using river course drafting instrument, azimuth, height angular dimensions are set.According to regarding for human eye
Feel that principle produces relief two-dimensional map, azimuth is set to 315 °, and elevation angle is set to 45 ° of degree best results.Illumination mould
Type sets up result figure.As shown in figure 4, concave affect represents the relatively low section of height above sea level, relief represents the higher section of height above sea level.Chaoyang
Face contour is open-wire line, and in the shade face contour is concealed wire.
Step 4：Model is superimposed with rendering and being shown；Mainly include the following steps that：
Step 401：Digital elevation model rendering parameter is set；The layer properties dialogue of data is opened in ArcMap softwares
Frame carries out unique value to the data treated in step 4 and rendered, and renders colour band selection light gray and is transitioned into the progressive coloured of Dark grey.
Step 402：River topography echo rendering parameter is set；Echo, which renders to open in ArcMap softwares, generation
Echo, to echo carry out stretching render, colour band selection light gray is transitioned into the progressive coloured of Dark grey.
Step 403：Step 401 and 402 data handled are overlapped display.Numeral is opened in ArcMap softwares high
The layer properties dialog box of journey model, is set to 30% by its transparency in show toolbar, is superimposed upon on echo, such as
Shown in Fig. 5.The depth in river course is shown with shade and concave-convex surface simultaneously in data investigation visualization result figure.Color
Deep and depression effect represents the relatively low section of height above sea level, and color is shallow and relief represents the higher section of height above sea level.Map can also be carried out
Ornamenting；Engineer's scale, compass, legend etc. are such as inserted in map.End result figure is as shown in Figure 6.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of river course underwater topography thematic maps acquisition methods, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：The height value obtained by measuring in the elevational point and contour line data of underwater topography, selection attribute is height
Source, using contour as hard partition line, elevational point is discrete multiple spot, generates TIN, creates the digital elevation mould in river course
Type；
Step 2：Processing is optimized to obtaining digital elevation model in step 1；
Step 3：Simulated solar irradiation radiation response, setting light source elevation angle and azimuth, the digital elevation mould optimized in step 2
Illumination model is set up on the basis of type；
Step 4：Digital elevation model is superimposed with rendering and showing with illumination model；
The step 1 comprises the following steps：
Step 101, the height value obtained in elevational point and contour line data that bathymetric surveying is obtained, selection attribute is height
Source, using contour as hard partition line, elevational point is discrete multiple spot, generates TIN and is converted into raster data form, retention data
Height value, wherein, elevational point and contour line data are generated TIN data by the generation TIN instruments concentrated using river course drafting instrument；
Step 102, the TIN concentrated using river course drafting instrument is turnstiled lattice instrument, using natural neighbor method interpolation, sets output grid
The resampling Pixel size of lattice is 1, and TIN TINs are converted into digital elevation model；
Optimized treatment method comprises the following steps in the step 2：
Step 201：Intensive isopleth is created using digital elevation model；The extraction isopleth work concentrated using river course drafting instrument
Tool, first by raster data vector quantization, then is fitted, and extracts isopleth, and wherein isopleth spacing is less than between former contour
Away from；
Step 202：Isopleth is optimized according to specified threshold value, the contour that length is less than threshold value is deleted；
Step 203：The isopleth optimized using step 202, repeat step 1 generates digital elevation model；
Step 204：The digital elevation model generated in step 203 is smoothed；
Step 205：Set critical value, the critical value is depression points depth and the maximum allowable difference between coming down in torrents a little, will be small
Its height come down in torrents a little is all filled into critical value and less than all depression points of its minimum adjacent picture elements, so as to remove digital height
Landform in small, broken bits in journey model, wherein depression points refer to the pixel in undefined basin direction；Pixel around it is above it, inclines
It is a little the border pixel minimum relative to the region elevation that confluxes of depression points to rush down；
Step 206：Steep slope topography in digital elevation model is optimized；
The illumination model is that the illumination shade based on massif is theoretical, with reference to the angle and shade of light source, creates riverbed physiognomy
Hill shading, generates the processing model of river topography echo；
The step 4 is mainly comprised the steps of：
Step 401：Rendering parameter in digital elevation model is set；
Step 402：The rendering parameter of river topography echo is set；
Step 403：Step 401 and 402 rendering parameters handled are overlapped display.
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| CN109960838B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2021-04-06 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | River terrain automatic generation method for embodying river basic characteristics |
| CN108364331A (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2018-08-03 | 北京佳格天地科技有限公司 | A kind of isopleth generation method, system and storage medium |
| CN110457512B (en) * | 2018-05-08 | 2022-03-25 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Map display method, map display device, server, terminal and storage medium |
| CN112381294B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-09-19 | 重庆数字城市科技有限公司 | Pollution discharge forward prediction analysis method |
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