CN108108575A - High-precision engineering dimensional topography production method based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-precision engineering dimensional topography production methods based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies, based on BIM, GIS and game terrain engraving technology, it is merged by Cross Platform Technology, using low precision topographic map generation high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature, step is as follows：1st, contour, elevational point and feature line extraction；2nd, low precision DEM productions；3rd, landform engraving makes with terrain texture；4th, high-precision three-dimensional terrain mesh modelling；5th, relief model and textures synthesis.The present invention is by by the topographic map of low precision, small scale, on the premise of strict guarantee landform altitude is basically unchanged, generation high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature, so as to meet engineering three dimensional design early period needs, engineering designing quality early period and bandwagon effect are greatly improved, promotes applications and development of the BIM in engineering field.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to BIM（Building Information Model；The abbreviation of English Building Information Modeling）Skill
Art, GIS（GIS-Geographic Information System；The abbreviation of English Geographic Information System）Technology and game are relevant
The application of landform engraving technology on engineering, more particularly, to the high-precision engineering based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies dimensionally
Shape production method.
Background technology
BIM, that is, Building Information Model is both a kind of form of expression of engineering three dimensional design achievement and a kind of design reason
Thought, method, flow and specification.Currently, engineering three-dimensional collaborative design is carried out based on BIM to have become as mainstream, and progressively substitution tradition
Two-dimensional design.Engineering three dimensional design is carried out firstly the need of high-precision engineering dimensional topography is obtained, yet with progress high-precision work
The investment of journey topographic survey is big, it is more to take, and can not often accomplish in engineering design phase early period, thus can only be based on 1:10000,1:5
Ten thousandth, 1:The low precision topographic map of 200000 grade small scales is designed, and thus causes that engineering dimensional topography precision is low, distortion is tight
Weight, engineering bandwagon effect are poor, seriously affect engineering designing quality early period.
The content of the invention
Present invention aims at providing a kind of high-precision engineering dimensional topography production method based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies,
It realizes that engineering dimensional topography under the premise of ensureing that elevation is accurate, greatly improves precision and fidelity, meets engineering design early period
It is required that.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical proposals：
High-precision engineering dimensional topography production method of the present invention based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies, based on BIM, GIS and game
Landform engraving technology, is merged by Cross Platform Technology, utilizes low precision topographic map generation high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature, step
It is rapid as follows：
Step 1, contour, elevational point and feature line extraction：
First, contour, elevation point data are extracted from the low precision topographic map, and is deleted wherein without elevation information, height
Journey mistake and abnormal element；Secondly, according to Around environment displaying need to extract corresponding characters of ground object line, as highway,
Stream, pond etc.；For its center line of the linear object extractions such as highway, stream, its profile is extracted for area features such as ponds
Line；
Step 2, low precision DEM（Digital elevation model；The abbreviation of English Digital Elevation Model）Production：
In geographical information platform ArcGis, with the contour with elevation information of step 1 extraction, elevation point data, lead to
It crosses spatial data processing method and produces low precision DEM；
Step 3, landform engraving make with terrain texture：
In landform engraving software World Machine, the institute for the low precision DEM and step 1 extraction that steps for importing 2 produces
Characters of ground object line is stated, by data processing method, landform engraving software World Machine described in conjunctive use are provided various
Device node（Each device node represents a kind of data processing method）, make further engraving, modification and texture system to landform
Make, and produce landform texture maps；
Step 4, high-precision three-dimensional terrain mesh modelling：
In the geographical information platform ArcGis and three dimensional design platform MicroStation, pass through spatial data processing method
Fabrication dimensional topography grid model；
Step 5, relief model and textures synthesis：
In the three dimensional design platform MicroStation, what the terrain texture figure and step 4 that step 3 is made made
Dimensional topography grid model, according to 1:1 engineer's scale carries out matching synthesis, and terrain texture figure is made to become dimensional topography grid model
Covering material, be finally fabricated to textured high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature.
Realize step 2 using contour, elevational point produce the spatial data processing method of low precision DEM as：
Step 2.1, contour elevational point Data Format Transform：The contour with elevation information, the elevation that step 1 is extracted are counted
According to importing in the geographical information platform ArcGis, and the coordinate system identical with the low precision topographic map is used, by CAD data
Format conversion is the shp figure layer forms of ArcGis itself；
Step 2.2, topographic(al) feature switch to DEM：Using " the natural field method " instrument in the ArcGis or " landform turnstile lattice "
Instrument, based on contour, elevational point, using the pixel precision close with elevational point average headway（Integer spacing）, by institute
State elevational point, contour is produced into the dem data of low precision（It is stored with TIFF raster datas form）.
Realize that step 3 based on low precision DEM and the characters of ground object line, is carved landform, modified and texture
The data processing method of making is：
Step 3.1, DEM and characters of ground object line format conversion：32 floating-points will be exported in Adobe Photoshop from ArcGis
Type gray-scale map（A kind of DEM storage formats）16 integer gray scale bitmap-formats are converted to, by the characters of ground object line in AutoCAD
It is exported with dxf forms；
Step 3.2, basic geological study make：In the World Machine, using " file input " device node, with described
Based on 16 integer gray-scale maps, after correctly high, wide scope and elevation scope are set, basic geological study is fabricated to；
Step 3.3, feature atural object make：In World Machine, using " layout generator " device node, by dxf forms
Characters of ground object line import, and excavation and filling engraving is carried out to the basic geological study according to atural object elevation and fracture morphology, wherein naturally
Stream, this irregular natural atural object in pond use chip separation（A kind of terrain randomization conversion skill of World Machine
Art）, make its more natural；
Step 3.4, landform engraving modification：In World Machine, to non-work arrangement area, as needed using " erosion ",
Landform is further carved out natural erosion trace true to nature by the natural erosions equipment such as " snow melts "；
Step 3.5, terrain texture figure make：In World Machine, pass through " elevation selection ", " gradient selection " and " layout
The integrated application of maker " equipment chooses different parts, different elevations, the region of different gradient value, sets different face respectively
Color and material texture are fabricated to the terrain texture figure to match with landform；
Step 3.6, high accuracy DEM and terrain texture export：In World Machine, needed to set achievement point according to precision
After resolution, " height map output " and " graphical output " equipment are used respectively, export is by carving amended landform high accuracy DEM
（It is stored with 16 tiff formats）With terrain texture figure（It is stored with PNG format）.
Step 4 is realized in geographical information platform ArcGis and three dimensional design platform MicroStation, fabrication three
Dimension terrain mesh model spatial data processing method be：
Step 4.1, DEM location and range registration：After the landform high accuracy DEM that step 3.6 is made imports ArcGis, adopt
With " geographic registration " instrument of ArcGis, according to landform original coordinate, geographical location is carried out to landform high accuracy DEM and scope is matched somebody with somebody
It is accurate；
Step 4.2, DEM format conversions：Using " grid turns floating type " instrument in ArcGis, by the landform high accuracy DEM
It is further converted into 32 floating type raster data forms；
Step 4.3, DEM elevations registration：32 floating type grid are converted to described using " multiplying " in ArcGis or " removing " instrument
The DEM grid pixels value of lattice carries out entirety and expands or shrinks, and expands or shrinks multiple as the actual height value of landform and the DEM grid
The multiple of lattice pixel value（Take maximum, minimum value comparison）, the pixel value is made to become accurate height value；
Step 4.4, DEM grids turn TIN：Using " grid turns Tin " instrument in ArcGis, using the landform high accuracy DEM as
The DEM grids are switched to Tin by basis by certain precision（Irregular triangle network）Form；
Step 4.5, Tin turn triangular facet：Using " TIN triangles " instrument in ArcGis, by the Tin format conversions into triangle
Shape lattice vector face element；
The export of step 4.6, triangular facet imports：It will by the network of triangle grid vector face with elevation information in ArcGis
After element is exported with CAD forms, it is then introduced into three dimensional design platform MicroStation, becomes discrete three-dimensional triangulation face；
Step 4.7, triangular facet are merged into dimensional topography grid model：In three dimensional design platform MicroStation, using net
Lattice merge instrument, and the discrete three-dimensional triangulation face is merged into a whole dimensional topography grid model.
The present invention is by by the topographic map of low precision, small scale, in the premise that strict guarantee landform altitude is basically unchanged
Under, generation high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature so as to meet engineering three dimensional design early period needs, greatly improves engineering early period
Designing quality and bandwagon effect promote applications and development of the BIM in engineering field.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall block flow diagram of the present invention and each technology node sub-process block diagram.
Fig. 2 is the mountain area 1 that length and width of the present invention is 6.3km:10000 low precision CAD topographic maps.
Fig. 3 is the characteristic curve view extracted according to the method for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the dimensional topography grid model view made according to the method for the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the textured high-precision engineering three-dimensional land map true to nature made according to the method for the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the prior art directly with the three-dimensional terrain model figure of contour lines creation.
Specific embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment using technical solution of the present invention before
It puts and is implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to down
State embodiment.
High-precision engineering dimensional topography production method of the present invention based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies is now with length and width
The mountain area 1 of 6.3km:10000 low precision CAD topographic maps are specific embodiment, are described in detail：
As shown in Fig. 2, the atural object that the low precision CAD topographic maps need emphasis to characterize includes two highways 1.1,1.2, Yi Tiaohe
Ditch 2, a channel 3 and a pond 4.These atural objects are only used as Around environment and show, non-new construction correlation atural object,
It is represented on low precision CAD topographic maps by simple point, line, surface, dimensional topography can not be directly generated；The present invention is low using this
Precision CAD topographic maps are ensureing landform altitude especially work arrangement area（It is not related to engineering excavation backfill, engineering construction cloth
The region put）On the premise of landform altitude is basically unchanged, engineering dimensional topography true to nature, step are as shown in Figure 1 in high precision for generation.
Step 1, contour, elevational point and feature line extraction：
As shown in figure 3, to carry out follow-up low precision DEM productions and landform engraving modification, first, from described 1:10000 low precision CAD
Contour, elevation point data are extracted in topographic map, and deletes the element wherein without elevation information, elevation mistake and exception；It connects
, according to Around environment displaying need to extract corresponding characters of ground object line, as the present embodiment Zhong Liangtiao highways 1.1,
1.2nd, the 2, channels 3 in a stream and the characteristic curve in a pond 4, highway, stream, channel are linear ground object, and extraction is wherein
Heart line；Pond is area feature, extracts its contour line.
Step 2, low precision DEM productions：
Step 2.1, contour elevational point Data Format Transform：The contour with elevation information, the elevation that step 1 is extracted are counted
According to importing in the geographical information platform ArcGis, and the coordinate system identical with the low precision topographic map is used, by CAD data
Format conversion is the shp figure layer forms of ArcGis itself；
Step 2.2, topographic(al) feature switch to DEM：Using " the natural field method " instrument in the ArcGis or " landform turnstile lattice "
Instrument, based on contour, elevational point, using the pixel precision close with elevational point average headway（Integer spacing）, by institute
State elevational point, contour is produced into the dem data of low precision（It is stored with TIFF raster datas form）.
Step 3, landform engraving make with terrain texture：
The characters of ground object line number that the low precision dem data and step 1 that step 2 is produced extract is according to importing landform engraving software
In World Machine, the various device nodes of its offer of conjunctive use（Each device node represents a kind of data processing side
Method）, the further engraving and material making, step that carry out landform are：
Step 3.1, conversion DEM forms and characters of ground object line form：Derived DEM is 32 floating type gray scales from ArcGis
Figure need to be converted to 16 gray-scale maps by Adobe Photoshop, and the CAD diagram shape form that World Machine are supported is
Dxf forms need to be exported characters of ground object line with dxf forms in AutoCAD；
Step 3.2, in World Machine, using " file input " device node, based on above-mentioned DEM gray-scale maps, if
After putting correct high, wide scope and elevation scope, basic geological study is fabricated to；
Step 3.3, in World Machine, using " layout generator " device node, by the highway of dxf forms, stream,
Channel, pond characteristic curve import, and carry out excavation and filling carving to basic geological study according to highway, stream, the elevation in pond and fracture morphology
It carves, highway, stream, channel, pond atural object is made, wherein chip separation can be used in natural stream, pond（World Machine
A kind of terrain randomization converter technique）, make its variation more natural；
Step 3.4, in World Machine, to non-work arrangement area, as needed using " erosions ", " snow melts " etc. naturally
Equipment is corroded, landform is further carved out to natural erosion trace true to nature；
Step 3.5, in World Machine, by " elevation selection ", " gradient selection " and " layout generator " equipment is comprehensive
Application is closed, different parts, different elevations, the region of different gradient value are chosen, such as highway pavement region, slope surface region, stream area
Domain, pond bottom region, pond side slope region etc., set different colors and material texture respectively, are fabricated to and landform phase
The terrain texture figure matched somebody with somebody；
Step 3.6, in World Machine, according to precision need set achievement resolution ratio after, as used in the present embodiment
4096 × 4096 resolution ratio use " height map output " and " graphical output " equipment respectively, and export is by carving amendedly
Shape high accuracy DEM（It is stored with 16 tiff formats）With terrain texture figure（It is stored with PNG format）.
Step 4, high-precision three-dimensional terrain mesh modelling：
In geographical information platform ArcGis and three dimensional design platform MicroStation, made by spatial data processing method
Engineering dimensional topography grid model, is as follows：
Step 4.1, DEM location and range registration：Since the landform high accuracy DEM that step 3.6 makes is without geography information, import
After in ArcGis, " geographic registration " instrument of ArcGis need to be used, matching somebody with somebody for geographical location and scope is carried out according to landform original coordinate
It is accurate；
Step 4.2, DEM format conversions：Landform high accuracy DEM file format derived from step 3.6 is 16 integer raster datas
Form does not meet engineering terrain data call format, therefore uses " grid turns floating type " instrument in ArcGis, is converted to 32
Floating type raster data form；
Step 4.3, DEM elevations registration：Landform high accuracy DEM grid pixel value is not actual elevation derived from step 3.6, is needed
It is recalculated according to actual height value, i.e., whole expansion carries out grid pixel value using " multiplying " in ArcGis or " removing " instrument
Or reduce, expand or shrink multiple of the multiple for the actual height value of landform and DEM grid pixel values（Take maximum, minimum value comparison
）, pixel value is made to become accurate height value；
Step 4.4, DEM grids turn TIN：Using " grid turns Tin " instrument in ArcGis, after step 4.3 elevation registration
Based on DEM, DEM grids are switched into landform Tin by certain precision（Irregular triangle network）Form；
Step 4.5, Tin turn triangular facet：Using " TIN triangles " instrument in ArcGis, landform Tin is converted into network of triangle
Grid vector face element, these network of triangle grid vector face elements are three-dimensional triangulation face element with elevation information at this time；
The export of step 4.6, triangular facet element imports：By the foregoing three-dimensional triangulation face element with elevation information in ArcGis
It is exported with CAD forms, is then introduced into three dimensional design platform MicroStation, becomes discrete three-dimensional triangulation face；
Step 4.7, discrete three-dimensional triangulation face are merged into dimensional topography grid model：In three dimensional design platform MicroStation
In, using mesh update instrument, discrete three-dimensional triangulation face is merged into a whole dimensional topography grid mould as shown in Figure 4
Type, view precision height, natural reality, two highways 1.1 of view of generation, 1.2, streams 2, one it can be seen from such as Fig. 4
A channel 3 and a 4 grade atural objects of pond are high-visible.
Step 5, relief model and textures synthesis：
In three dimensional design platform MicroStation, by the terrain texture figure that step 3.6 makes and the three-dimensional that step 4.7 makes
Terrain mesh model, according to 1:1 engineer's scale carries out matching synthesis, and geographical texture maps is made to become the covering material of three-dimensional terrain model
Matter is finally fabricated to high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature textured as shown in Figure 5, possesses the line exactly matched with landform
Reason, bandwagon effect are good.
Fig. 6 is the prior art directly with the three-dimensional terrain model of contour lines creation, as seen from Figure 6, view precision is low,
Distortion, and shown without atural objects such as highway, rivers.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of high-precision engineering dimensional topography production method based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies, it is characterised in that：Based on BIM,
GIS and game terrain engraving technology, are merged by Cross Platform Technology, utilize low precision topographic map generation high-precision engineering three true to nature
Landform is tieed up, step is as follows：
Step 1, contour, elevational point and feature line extraction：
First, contour, elevation point data are extracted from the low precision topographic map, and is deleted wherein without elevation information, height
Journey mistake and abnormal element；Secondly, need to extract corresponding characters of ground object line according to the displaying of Around environment, for wire
Its center line of Objects extraction extracts its contour line for area feature；
Step 2, low precision DEM productions：
In geographical information platform ArcGis, with the contour with elevation information of step 1 extraction, elevation point data, lead to
It crosses spatial data processing method and produces low precision DEM；
Step 3, landform engraving make with terrain texture：
In landform engraving software World Machine, the institute for the low precision DEM and step 1 extraction that steps for importing 2 produces
Characters of ground object line is stated, by data processing method, landform engraving software World Machine described in conjunctive use are provided various
Device node makees landform further engraving, modification and connection with production of structures, and produce landform texture maps；
Step 4, high-precision three-dimensional terrain mesh modelling：
In the geographical information platform ArcGis and three dimensional design platform MicroStation, pass through spatial data processing method
Fabrication dimensional topography grid model；
Step 5, relief model and textures synthesis：
In the three dimensional design platform MicroStation, what the terrain texture figure and step 4 that step 3 is made made
Dimensional topography grid model, according to 1:1 engineer's scale carries out matching synthesis, and terrain texture figure is made to become dimensional topography grid model
Covering material, be finally fabricated to textured high-precision engineering dimensional topography true to nature.
2. the high-precision engineering dimensional topography production method based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies, feature exist according to claim 1
In：Realize step 2 using contour, elevational point produce the spatial data processing method of low precision DEM as：
Step 2.1, contour elevational point Data Format Transform：The contour with elevation information, the elevation that step 1 is extracted are counted
According to importing in the geographical information platform ArcGis, and the coordinate system identical with the low precision topographic map is used, by CAD data
Format conversion is the shp figure layer forms of ArcGis itself；
Step 2.2, topographic(al) feature switch to DEM：Using " the natural field method " instrument in the ArcGis or " landform turnstile lattice "
Instrument, based on contour, elevational point, using the pixel precision close with elevational point average headway, by the elevational point, etc.
High line is produced into the dem data storage of low precision.
3. the high-precision engineering dimensional topography production method based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies, feature exist according to claim 1
In：Realize that step 3 based on low precision DEM and the characters of ground object line, is carved landform, modified and connection with production of structures
Data processing method is：
Step 3.1, DEM and characters of ground object line format conversion：32 floating-points will be exported in Adobe Photoshop from ArcGis
Type gray-scale map is converted to 16 integer gray scale bitmap-formats, exports the characters of ground object line with dxf forms in AutoCAD；
Step 3.2, basic geological study make：In the World Machine, using " file input " device node, with described
Based on 16 integer gray-scale maps, after high, wide scope and elevation scope are set, basic geological study is fabricated to；
Step 3.3, feature atural object make：In World Machine, using " layout generator " device node, by dxf forms
Characters of ground object line import, and excavation and filling engraving is carried out to the basic geological study according to atural object elevation and fracture morphology, wherein not advising
Then natural atural object uses chip separation instrument, makes its more natural；
Step 3.4, landform engraving modification：In World Machine, to non-work arrangement area, using " erosion ", " snow melts " etc.
Landform is further carved out natural erosion trace true to nature by natural erosion equipment；
Step 3.5, terrain texture figure make：In World Machine, pass through " elevation selection ", " gradient selection " and " layout
The integrated application of maker " equipment chooses different parts, different elevations, the region of different gradient value, sets different face respectively
Color and material texture are fabricated to the terrain texture figure to match with landform；
Step 3.6, high accuracy DEM and terrain texture export：In World Machine, needed to set achievement point according to precision
After resolution, " height map output " and " graphical output " equipment are used respectively, export is by carving amended landform high accuracy DEM
With terrain texture figure.
4. the high-precision engineering dimensional topography production method based on BIM Cross Platform Technologies, feature exist according to claim 1
In：Step 4 is realized in geographical information platform ArcGis and three dimensional design platform MicroStation, fabrication dimensional topography
The spatial data processing method of grid model is：
Step 4.1, DEM location and range registration：After the landform high accuracy DEM that step 3.6 is made imports ArcGis, adopt
With " geographic registration " instrument of ArcGis, according to landform original coordinate, geographical location is carried out to landform high accuracy DEM and scope is matched somebody with somebody
It is accurate；
Step 4.2, DEM format conversions：Using " grid turns floating type " instrument in ArcGis, by the landform high accuracy DEM
It is further converted into 32 floating type raster data forms；
Step 4.3, DEM elevations registration：32 floating type grid are converted to described using " multiplying " in ArcGis or " removing " instrument
The DEM grid pixels value of lattice carries out entirety and expands or shrinks, and expands or shrinks multiple as the actual height value of landform and the DEM grid
The multiple of lattice pixel value makes the pixel value become accurate height value；
Step 4.4, DEM grids turn TIN：Using " grid turns Tin " instrument in ArcGis, using the landform high accuracy DEM as
The DEM grids are switched to Tin forms by basis by certain precision；
Step 4.5, Tin turn triangular facet：Using " TIN triangles " instrument in ArcGis, by the Tin format conversions into triangle
Shape lattice vector face element；
The export of step 4.6, triangular facet imports：It will by the network of triangle grid vector face with elevation information in ArcGis
After element is exported with CAD forms, it is then introduced into three dimensional design platform MicroStation, becomes discrete three-dimensional triangulation face；
Step 4.7, triangular facet are merged into dimensional topography grid model：In three dimensional design platform MicroStation, using net
Lattice merge instrument, and the discrete three-dimensional triangulation face is merged into a whole dimensional topography grid model.
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| CN112017285A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-12-01 | 北京国遥新天地信息技术有限公司 | Method for accurately fitting terrain to strip-shaped model in three-dimensional GIS (geographic information System) in real time |
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| CN111858824B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2023-10-20 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司 | Terrain data fusion method, device, computer equipment and storage medium |
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