CN111199341A - Small and medium basin pollution source analysis method based on multi-drainage-port inspection and monitoring - Google Patents

Small and medium basin pollution source analysis method based on multi-drainage-port inspection and monitoring Download PDF

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CN111199341A
CN111199341A CN201911318812.XA CN201911318812A CN111199341A CN 111199341 A CN111199341 A CN 111199341A CN 201911318812 A CN201911318812 A CN 201911318812A CN 111199341 A CN111199341 A CN 111199341A
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张水燕
姜腾龙
丁程程
孙良
张战朝
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Jinan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Of Shandong Province
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment protection, and discloses a method for analyzing pollution sources of medium and small watersheds based on multi-drainage-port inspection and monitoring. The method of the invention comprises the following steps: (1) checking a river sewage outlet: determining the distribution, type and the like of the river sewage discharge outlets, summarizing and checking a table, and coding the river sewage discharge outlets; compiling an electronic map of the position of the sewage draining exit; (2) synchronously monitoring the water quantity and the water quality of the river inlet; (3) analyzing a drainage basin pollution source: calculating the average value of water quantity and water quality in each water period; and (4) counting the discharge amount of various pollution sources and analyzing the pollution contribution of various sewage outlets to the drainage basin. Compared with a factor analysis method and a principal component analysis method, the method provided by the invention avoids the defects that a source analysis model has certain application conditions, more parameters and higher uncertainty of analysis results, and can obtain the pollution contribution of each type of emission source and even each emission source. The analysis result is objective and close to the actual discharge condition, thereby providing a target for accurate source control and improving the efficiency of drainage basin pollution control.

Description

Small and medium basin pollution source analysis method based on multi-drainage-port inspection and monitoring
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental monitoring, and particularly relates to a method for analyzing pollution sources of medium and small watersheds based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring.
Background
At present, the analysis of the water environment pollution source mainly depends on a model for calculation, and the model mainly comprises two types:
one is a model proposed in 2009 by Sudan et al in water environment pollution source analysis research progress, which is a forward diffusion model with a pollution source as an object; the other is a reverse traceability model taking a pollution receptor as an object, namely a receptor model.
The diffusion model is a predictive model, and predicts the time-space change condition of pollutants by inputting the emission data and related parameter information of each pollution source. The diffusion model has complex parameters and complicated analysis, and is less applied to the analysis of the water environment source.
The receptor model is widely applied because the receptor model is not limited by the strength of a pollution source and does not depend on various characteristic parameters such as distance, diffusion coefficient and the like.
At present, the common receptor model source analysis method of pollutants in water environment mainly comprises a factor analysis method and a principal component analysis method; both the factor analysis method and the principal component analysis method are successfully applied to the source analysis work of pollutants in the water environment. These two methods require assumptions in the application such as that the source composition spectrum does not change significantly over the distance from the source to the receptor, that the individual contaminant fluxes change proportionally to concentration, that the total flux of contaminants over a given period of time is the sum of all known source contaminant fluxes, that the source composition spectrum and the contribution rates are linearly independent, that all sample points are affected primarily by several sources, etc. The actual water body is often more complicated, and the two methods are not well suitable for the real-site water body analysis work in the actual application process.
In addition, these two methods require a large amount of data input, require a high number of receptor samples, typically more than 50, and require regression analysis to obtain the absolute contribution of each source. Moreover, the factor analysis method does not analyze specific values but processes deviations, and if some important emission source is relatively constant, and other non-important sources have large emission intensity variation, the emission source with large emission intensity may be ignored. In practical use, multivariate statistical methods generally identify 5-8 factors, and if the important emission source type is more than 10, the method cannot provide good results [ Gordon GE. receptors models [ J ]. Environmental Science and Technology,1980,14(7): 792-.
Therefore, improvement needs to be made for the defects of the method, and a method for analyzing the pollution source of the river with multiple sewage discharge openings is invented to overcome the defects of more parameters and high uncertainty of the result.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention establishes a medium and small watershed pollution source analysis method based on multi-drainage-port inspection and monitoring, solves the problems of more specific applicability, more parameters and higher result uncertainty of the existing method, and improves the objectivity of a source analysis result.
The method mainly analyzes the pollution sources of the drainage basin by checking and monitoring the discharge amount of each river-entering drain outlet to obtain the pollution contribution of each discharge source and each type of discharge source; the invention is especially suitable for medium and small watersheds with multiple sewage discharge ports and multiple branches.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for analyzing pollution sources of medium and small watersheds based on multi-sewage-discharge ports, which comprises the following steps:
(1) inspection of river sewage discharge outlet
The method is widely used for collecting relevant data of pollution sources and pollution discharge facilities, carrying out on-site survey and determining the distribution condition and the specific position of a river sewage outlet. And the geographical position of the sewage draining exit is accurately measured by adopting a GPS method, wherein a coordinate system is a WGS-84 coordinate system, and an elevation system is a 1956 yellow sea elevation system. And accurately measuring the geographical position of the sewage outlet by adopting an RTK mode of the GPS rover, and drawing an electronic map (in a jpg and shp data format).
And simultaneously determining a flow test method and a flow measuring scheme according to the specific condition of each monitoring section and the water flow condition. The river-entering sewage discharge outlets (without river-entering rainwater discharge outlets, farmland draining and waterlogging and water-returning discharge outlets, and without serving as flood interception ditches and flood diversion ditch inlets for sewage discharge) for continuously or intermittently discharging sewage to rivers comprise the steps of discharging the sewage through culverts, ditches and pipelines and checking the sewage one by one. The checking content comprises information such as the position, longitude and latitude coordinates, the nature of the waste water and sewage, the discharge mode, the water functional area and the like of the river sewage outlet.
Aiming at the sewage outlet with overhigh pollutant content in the monitoring result of the sewage outlet into the river in the past year, the investigation is emphasized according to the sewage discharge type and the characteristics of the sewage outlet; the domestic sewage discharge outlet investigates the sewage source, the industrial sewage discharge outlet needs to know the sewage treatment capability of enterprises, and the sewage discharge outlet of a sewage treatment plant needs to determine the treatment level, the use of reclaimed water and the like. In principle, drains with too low a content of contaminants are no longer monitored.
According to the checking result, checking a table including the name of the river sewage outlet, the code of the river sewage outlet, a detailed address, a legal representative, unit properties, the water quantity to be taken, the service area, service population, sewage properties, river entering modes, discharge modes, counties and the like; and then reporting the checking result.
The name of the sewage draining outlet: by current name.
Coding a river sewage discharge outlet:
dry flow: the front part is covered with GL, the back part is numbered, the numbering sequence is from upstream to downstream, two-bit Arabic numerals are used for recording, and the front part of the one-bit numbering is supplemented with '0';
branch flow: the front crown is ZL, the back is numbered, the numbering sequence is from upstream to downstream, two-bit Arabic numbers are recorded, and the front of the one-bit numbering is supplemented with '0';
drain (ditch): the former crown is numbered in PW followed by numbering, and the numbering order is from upstream to downstream in the way that: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
an overflow port: the prefix is YL followed by numbering, the numbering being in the order from upstream to downstream, the numbering being: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
and (3) industrial pollution discharge: the anterior crown is numbered GP followed by the number, the numbering order being from upstream to downstream, the numbering being: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
sewage treatment plant: the former crown is numbered in SZC followed by numbering, the numbering order is from upstream to downstream, and the numbering mode is as follows: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
compiling an electronic map of the position of the sewage draining exit:
the data source was GPS (instrument model: TrimbleR 8, base station employs yellow Commission, Minn, Bureau of surveying, Huang private base station). The field positioning measurement is carried out, and the coordinate system is as follows: the WGS-84 coordinate system and the elevation system are as follows: 1956 yellow sea elevation system.
The Shp format data is exported to automatically form 4 files, which are respectively: dbf, prj, shx, and shp, the downloading of the BIGEMAP map downloader in advance is required to open but not edit the file, and a preparatory encryption program is required for editing.
When editing and looking up the electronic map of the river sewage draining exit:
1) marking positions of tributary, overflow port, direct discharge enterprise and the like on the river;
2) the point marked for flow measurement sampling analysis is the point determined by field verification. Typically the analysis point of the substream is moved a little upstream of the substream. The enterprise who discharges into the tributary marks its interior drain hole position of factory.
(2) Water quantity and quality synchronous monitoring at river mouth
On the basis of the result checking, a water level, water quantity and water quality monitoring scheme is formulated, a river sewage outlet is sampled and monitored, and water quantity and water quality synchronous monitoring is carried out. Monitoring is carried out in different water periods, including a dry period, a full period, a flat period and the like.
Continuously monitoring each drain outlet for 2 days in the dry period, sampling 3 times at intervals every day,the sampling time is respectively 8: 00. 17: 00 and 24: point 00, to ensure that the sewage is not influenced by other factors, the first sampling time of each sewage draining exit must be 17: 00, and respectively detecting six sampling samples. The monitoring and sampling time should be selected on the day without precipitation in the first three days, so as to avoid the influence of precipitation and river water jacking. The conventional river sewage outlet monitoring project is as follows: flow rate, flow velocity, water level, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)Cr) Ammonia Nitrogen (NH)3-N), total phosphorus, total nitrogen and turbidity total 8 terms. According to the water quality analysis method in the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978 + 1996) and the surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002), the analysis method of each item is executed according to the state or industry approved by the qualification certification of each laboratory.
The method comprises the following steps of monitoring the conditions after rainfall in a rich water period, and sampling after 3 days of general rainfall, wherein the time is as follows: 8: 00. 17: 00 and 24: 00, each drain was continuously monitored for 2 days. The monitoring items and the monitoring methods are the same as those in the dry season.
The leveling period is to every drain continuous monitoring 2 days, and the interval sampling is 3 times, and the sample time is 8 respectively: 00. 17: 00 and 24: point 00. The monitoring and sampling time should be selected on the day without precipitation in the first three days, so as to avoid the influence of precipitation and river water jacking. The monitoring items and the monitoring methods are the same as those in the dry season.
And in the monitoring process, the quality control work of each sampling and analysis is strict, and comprises blank, parallel samples, quality control samples, standard addition recovery rate and the like. If necessary, metal and organic characteristic pollutants of the heavy-point sewage unit need to be monitored. And finally compiling a monitoring report.
For important river entering branches and important sewage discharge outlet monitoring sections, the water level is observed, according to the water level observation standard (GB/T50138-.
In the monitoring section which is not suitable for setting the water gauge, the following method can be adopted: and fixed point level points are arranged at the upper edge of the quay wall, the edge of the bridge and the like, the coordinate and the elevation of the fixed point are measured by adopting a GPS RTK mode, the vertical distance from the national fixed level point to the water surface is measured by using a steel ruler or a depth measuring rod, and the water level of the branch or the sewage draining exit monitoring section is calculated.
The water quantity can be measured according to hydrological flow measurement requirements by adopting a flow meter method, a buoy method, an overflow weir method, a volumetric method and the like.
The sewage treatment plant adopts the flow achievement of the on-line monitoring equipment. According to the conditions and the specific conditions of the water flow of the monitored section, firstly, a flow meter-area method is adopted for flow measurement: measuring the flow velocity of each vertical line by using a current meter, measuring the water depth by using a depth finder or a depth measuring rod, measuring the starting point distance of the section by using a steel ruler or a total station, and then calculating the section flow according to a flow velocity-area method.
And (2) measuring the surface flow velocity of each vertical line on a monitoring section which is not suitable for a rotor flow velocity meter method by adopting an ultrasonic surface flow velocity meter, measuring the section of the river channel, calculating the surface virtual flow by using a flow velocity-area method, and multiplying the surface virtual flow by a coefficient (the coefficient is between 0.8 and 0.9, and is generally 0.85) to obtain the actual flow.
The monitoring section which is not suitable for the flow test method can adopt a double-buoy method to measure the flow, the water surface buoy is made of grass stalks and wood sticks, stones are dropped below the water surface buoy, and small flags which are easy to observe are inserted above the water surface buoy. At night, a battery, an electric bulb or a cotton ball torch can be arranged on the buoy to form a night buoy. The lower end of the buoy is dropped with a heavy object, the upper end of the buoy is added with a marker, the underwater depth is 9/10 or more of the full water depth, the average flow velocity of the vertical line can be approximately measured, and then the measured water passing area of the monitored section is multiplied by the flow velocity of the buoy to obtain the flow of the section.
For the monitoring section with overflow dam and culvert gate structure, the water head of the water passing section is calculated by measuring the water level of the gate, upstream water level or upstream advancing river channel, and the flow is calculated by using the weir gate and overflow weir formula.
For the drainage and drainage monitoring section of the sewage discharge pipeline for the sewage discharge outlet, if the water flow is not large, the monitoring section can be easily received by the container, the container with the standard volume can be adopted to receive the water flow, the flow is measured from the beginning of receiving and timing to the full receiving of the container, and the flow is obtained by dividing the volume of the container by the receiving time.
For the river-entering sewage discharge outlet which is controlled by a gate or pumped and discharged by a pump station, the pumping and discharging rule of the river-entering sewage discharge outlet must be mastered through investigation, and the average river-entering flow under the condition of no surface runoff is given.
A river sewage outlet or a ditch seriously polluted due to surface runoff is required to be provided and noted with a background section, and upstream coming quantity and background pollutant quantity are deducted for calculating sewage discharge.
The sum of the discharge amount of each monitored river-entering sewage discharge outlet accounts for more than 90 percent of the total amount of the river-entering sewage discharge in the river reach.
And finally compiling a monitoring report.
(3) Source of pollution analysis
And (4) counting the water quantity and the water quality of each river-entering sewage discharge outlet in each water period, calculating the average value of the water quantity and the water quality in each water period, and analyzing the pollution contribution of each sewage discharge outlet to the drainage basin. If various sewage outlets are classified and gathered, the pollution contribution of various sewage outlets in different water periods to the drainage basin can be analyzed, and therefore a source control and sewage interception scheme for meeting the water quality of the drainage basin is provided. The source resolution of the detailed source may also be performed for different purposes.
Compared with the existing source analysis method, the method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a method for analyzing pollution sources of medium and small watersheds based on multi-row sewage discharge port checking and monitoring, which avoids the defects that a source analysis model has certain application conditions, more parameters and higher uncertainty of analysis results by checking and monitoring the sewage discharge ports, and brings more than 90% of the load pollution sources into the watershed pollution source analysis, so that the pollution contribution of each type of emission source and even each emission source can be obtained;
(2) the invention has objective analysis result, is close to the actual discharge condition, thereby providing target for accurate source control and improving the efficiency of drainage basin pollution treatment.
(3) Compared with the existing factor analysis method and principal component analysis method, the method of the invention has wide applicability, is suitable for all small and medium watersheds, and has wide popularization and application values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of a sewage discharge outlet of a small clear river (partial river reach);
FIG. 2 shows the water amount (%) of each river sewage outlet in different periods;
FIG. 3 shows the pollution discharge proportion (%) of various pollution discharge outlets in different periods;
FIG. 4 shows the change of ammonia nitrogen concentration of the exit section of the Minnan section of the Xiaoqing river after the overflow port is blocked.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples so that those skilled in the art may better understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Taking the small clear river of denna as an example, embodiment 1 specifically provides a method for analyzing pollution sources in the denna section of the small clear river, and the analysis time is 2018.
The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring comprises the following steps:
(1) inspection of river sewage discharge outlet
The method is widely used for collecting relevant data of pollution sources and pollution discharge facilities, carrying out on-site survey and determining the distribution condition and the specific position of a river sewage outlet. And the geographical position of the sewage draining exit is accurately measured by adopting a GPS method, wherein a coordinate system is a WGS-84 coordinate system, and an elevation system is a 1956 yellow sea elevation system. The RTK mode of the GPS rover station is used for accurately measuring the geographic position of the sewage outlet and drawing an electronic map (in jpg and shp data formats).
And simultaneously determining a flow test method and a flow measuring scheme according to the specific condition of each monitoring section and the water flow condition. The river-entering sewage discharge outlets (without river-entering rainwater discharge outlets, farmland draining and waterlogging and water-returning discharge outlets, and without serving as flood interception ditches and flood diversion ditch inlets for sewage discharge) for continuously or intermittently discharging sewage to rivers comprise the steps of discharging the sewage through culverts, ditches and pipelines and checking the sewage one by one. The checking content comprises information such as the position, longitude and latitude coordinates, the nature of the waste water and sewage, the discharge mode, the water functional area and the like of the river sewage outlet.
Aiming at the sewage outlet with overhigh pollutant content in the monitoring result of the sewage outlet into the river in the past year, the investigation is emphasized according to the sewage discharge type and the characteristics of the sewage outlet; the domestic sewage discharge outlet investigates the sewage source, the industrial sewage discharge outlet needs to know the sewage treatment capability of enterprises, and the sewage discharge outlet of a sewage treatment plant needs to determine the treatment level, the use of reclaimed water and the like. In principle, drains with too low a content of contaminants are no longer monitored.
According to the checking result, checking a table including the name of the river sewage outlet, the code of the river sewage outlet, a detailed address, a legal representative, unit properties, the water quantity to be taken, the service area, service population, sewage properties, river entering modes, discharge modes, counties and the like; and then reporting the checking result.
The name of the sewage draining outlet: by current name.
Coding a river sewage discharge outlet:
dry flow: the front part is covered with GL, the back part is numbered, the numbering sequence is from upstream to downstream, two-bit Arabic numerals are used for recording, and the front part of the one-bit numbering is supplemented with '0';
branch flow: the front crown is ZL, the back is numbered, the numbering sequence is from upstream to downstream, two-bit Arabic numbers are recorded, and the front of the one-bit numbering is supplemented with '0';
drain (ditch): the former crown is numbered in PW followed by numbering, and the numbering order is from upstream to downstream in the way that: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
an overflow port: the prefix is YL followed by numbering, the numbering being in the order from upstream to downstream, the numbering being: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
and (3) industrial pollution discharge: the anterior crown is numbered GP followed by the number, the numbering order being from upstream to downstream, the numbering being: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
sewage treatment plant: the former crown is numbered in SZC followed by numbering, the numbering order is from upstream to downstream, and the numbering mode is as follows: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
detailed address: filling in according to the site survey and in combination with the map.
Representative of the legal person: only fill out the sewage treatment plant and the enterprise.
Unit property: filling according to actual conditions.
Entering a river mode: direct discharge, indirect discharge.
The nature of the sewage is as follows: branched flow, domestic sewage, industrial sewage, sewage plant drainage, and the like.
County: filling in according to the actual county.
Geographic coordinates: and extracting field GPS measurement data.
The above-described contents are recorded in an electronic form, and an electronic document is formed.
Compiling an electronic map of the position of the sewage draining exit:
the data source was GPS (instrument model: TrimbleR 8, base station employs yellow Commission, Minn, Bureau of surveying, Huang private base station). The field positioning measurement is carried out, and the coordinate system is as follows: the WGS-84 coordinate system and the elevation system are as follows: 1956 yellow sea elevation system.
The Shp format data is exported to automatically form 4 files, which are respectively: dbf, prj, shx, and shp, the downloading of the BIGEMAP map downloader in advance is required to open but not edit the file, and a preparatory encryption program is required for editing.
When editing and looking up the electronic map of the river sewage draining exit:
1) marking positions of tributary streams, overflow ports, direct-discharge enterprises and the like on the main stream of the small clear river;
2) the point marked for flow measurement sampling analysis is the point determined by field verification. Generally, the branch analysis point position mostly moves a certain distance towards the upstream of the branch, so that the influence of recharge is avoided. The enterprise who discharges into the tributary marks its interior drain hole position of factory.
Carry out on-the-spot inspection to the drain of entering the river of little qing river jinan section, check 50 drains altogether, wherein 25 tributaries, sewage treatment plant 6, 6 drains, 4 industrial drain, 5 overflow ports, 2 main stream sections.
The 25 tributaries were: the river is a dry siphon river, a yellow river, a south Taiping river, a north Taiping river, a Xinji river, a Cao Jia Hua quan siphon river, a west worker Shang river, a front pilot river, a rear pilot river, a west Luo river, an east Luo river, a willow head river, a full Fu river, a Huashan big ditch, a big Xin river, a Zhao Wang river, a Xiaohanyu ditch, a cold ditch, a dragon ridge river, a stone river, a Liugong river, a Yanjia stone river, a huge wild river, an embroidered river, an octopus ditch and a Wooff river. Wherein 4 months cut off dirty tributary and have 9: xingji river, Beitaiping river, front river diversion, rear river diversion, West Luo river, Fuquan river, Huashan Dagou, Zhao Wang river and Liugong river, wherein the number of the branch streams of the river trunk is 2: embroidery rivers and complexes (summer bridge); the 8-month intercepted and polluted river is a front river; there are 4 river cut-off in 10 months: front approach river, Chinese mountain big ditch, Zhao Wang river, and Liu Gong river.
The 6 sewage treatment plants are: big gold sewage plants, light four plants, light two plants, light one plants, light three plants and harbor-facing sewage plants.
6 drain outlets do: the square culvert is arranged at the north bank of the small clear river, which is 10 meters east of the small clear river mouth of the south Taiping river, the drain outlet of the northeast living river of the northeast bridge of the northwest beach head of the scholar, the drain outlet of the remote wall drain ditch (the big wharf village), the drain outlet of the northwest of the airport road bridge, the drain outlet of the town of the east of the Dongfu town and the drain outlet of the remote wall old industrial garden east. Wherein the south Taiping river enters a square culvert at the north bank of the small clear river with the east of the mouth of the small clear river and discharges sewage, but is always submerged but discharges the sewage. And the sewage is intercepted and enters a temporary harbor sewage plant for treatment and then is discharged. The rest sewage outlets are basically in a river stem or sewage interception state except in the flood season.
4 industrial sewage outlets are: the Shandong oil refinery, Shandong Lvba (outside and outside), Lanxing oil (inside and outside), Qilu pharmacy Huashan Huashang Hua county store bridge east river outlet. Wherein Ji and Lu Ba are normally discharged; the blue star petroleum stops production and does not need to be reworked; the sewage is not discharged any more when entering a river sewage discharge outlet on the east side of a bridge of a Huashan Hua countryside shop of the Qilu pharmaceutical factory, and the sewage is intercepted and enters a Guangdong factory for treatment.
The 5 overflow ports are as follows: the overflow port of the Huanggang bridge, the west overflow port of the Jiluo road bridge, the east overflow port of the Jiluo road bridge, the overflow port of the production road bridge and the overflow port of the slab bridge. The main overflow ports are an overflow port of a Huanggang bridge, an overflow port of a production road bridge and an overflow port of a slab bridge. The overflow ports are mostly submerged or semi-submerged.
The cross section of 2 main flows is: the cross section of the source is peaceful and brisk and the cross section of the source is pungent and full.
The sewage discharge port is brought into a sewage plant and does not discharge wastewater to a small clear river, and the sewage discharge port is not monitored at this time, and comprises a sewage discharge port of a bridge east side river entering in a Huashan Hua-Xiang shop of the Qilu pharmaceutical factory, Lanxing petroleum, a sewage discharge port of a remote wall old industrial park east, a sewage discharge ditch of a Dong and a Liu Gong river when sewage is completely intercepted.
For the river trunk, the river closure, the sewage interception and the flow interruption (which are collectively called dead water, namely a monitoring section with zero flow), only pictures are taken, samples are not taken, and the notes are put on a water sample delivery sheet. The system is positioned in a water quality plant or an enterprise, only sampling monitoring is carried out, water level and flow velocity data are not observed any more, and online automatic monitoring data in a flow meter reading plant are extracted. Other monitoring sections need to be subjected to water level observation, flow measurement and water quality sampling and testing.
The branch receiving the sewage plant drainage monitors the total flow and water quality.
The inspection summary of the sewage discharge outlets of the small clear river is shown in table 1. The distribution diagram (partial river reach) of the sewage discharge outlet of the small clear river is shown in figure 1.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 6
Figure 4
Figure 5
(2) Water quantity and water quality synchronous monitoring device for river sewage discharge outlet
And finally, 45 stations for flow test, water level observation and water quality sampling in the sewage outlet monitoring section are determined through field check. Sampling and monitoring are carried out on the sewage outlets entering the river, and synchronous monitoring of water quantity and water quality is carried out. Monitoring is carried out in different water periods, including a dry period, a full period, a flat period and the like.
The dry season is to every drain continuous monitoring 2 days, and the interval sampling 3 times every day, sampling time are 8 respectively: 00. 17: 00 and 24: point 00, to ensure that the sewage is not influenced by other factors, the first sampling time of each sewage draining exit must be 17: 00, and respectively detecting six sampling samples. The monitoring and sampling time should be selected on the day without precipitation in the first three days, so as to avoid the influence of precipitation and river water jacking. The conventional river sewage outlet monitoring project is as follows: flow rate, flow velocity, water level, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia Nitrogen (NH)3-N), total phosphorus, total nitrogen and turbidity total 8 terms. According to the water quality analysis method in the integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978 + 1996) and the surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002), the analysis method of each item is executed according to the state or industry approved by the qualification certification of each laboratory.
The method comprises the following steps of monitoring the conditions after rainfall in a rich water period, and sampling after 3 days of general rainfall, wherein the time is as follows: 8: 00. 17: 00 and 24: 00, each drain was continuously monitored for 2 days. The monitoring items and the monitoring methods are the same as those in the dry season.
The leveling period is to every drain continuous monitoring 2 days, and the interval sampling is 3 times, and the sample time is 8 respectively: 00. 17: 00 and 24: point 00. The monitoring and sampling time should be selected on the day without precipitation in the first three days, so as to avoid the influence of precipitation and river water jacking. The monitoring items and the monitoring methods are the same as those in the dry season.
And in the monitoring process, the quality control work of each sampling and analysis is strict, and comprises blank, parallel samples, quality control samples, standard addition recovery rate and the like. If necessary, metal and organic characteristic pollutants of the heavy-point sewage unit need to be monitored. And finally compiling a monitoring report.
For important river entering branches and important sewage discharge outlet monitoring sections, the water level is observed, according to the water level observation standard (GB/T50138-.
In the monitoring section which is not suitable for setting the water gauge, the following method can be adopted: and fixed point level points are arranged at the upper edge of the quay wall, the edge of the bridge and the like, the coordinate and the elevation of the fixed point are measured by adopting a GPS RTK mode, the vertical distance from the national fixed level point to the water surface is measured by using a steel ruler or a depth measuring rod, and the water level of the branch or the sewage draining exit monitoring section is calculated.
The water quantity can be measured according to hydrological flow measurement requirements by adopting a flow meter method, a buoy method, an overflow weir method, a volumetric method and the like. The sewage treatment plant adopts the flow achievement of the on-line monitoring equipment.
The sum of the discharge amount of each monitored river-entering sewage discharge outlet accounts for more than 90 percent of the total amount of the river-entering sewage discharge in the river reach.
1) Monitoring result of flow of various river-entering sewage outlets
The classification and statistics of the river sewage outlets are shown in table 2. It can be seen that the main source of the small clear river is sewage plant drainage, followed by the branch, overflow and source. The drainage of the sewage plant is 97.47-105.64 ten thousand meters3The flow rate of the branch is 18.70-121.20 ten thousand meters3D, the flow rate of the overflow port is 6.49-15.55 ten thousand meters3The water amount of the Muriluzhuang is 0-28.08 km3The flow rate of the exit section of the Xinfengzhuang is 127.01 to 271.30 ten thousand meters3And d. In different periods, except that the water quantity of the sewage plant and the water quantity of the enterprise change slightly, the water quantity changes greatly in other types such as a source, a branch and an overflow port. The total amount of tributaries varies the most, and the second is the source of the root. The great change of the branch flow is wax mountain river, south Taiping river, north Taiping river, Xingji river, rear approach river, west Luo river, east Luo river, dragon ridge river, stone river and Liu Gong river. The overflow ports of the Huanggang bridge and the production road bridge are greatly changed.
TABLE 2 flow monitoring results of each sewage outfall of the small clear rivers
Figure BDA0002326576320000161
Figure BDA0002326576320000171
2) Water quality monitoring result of various river sewage outlets
The water quality of each sewage outlet of the small clear river in 2018 is summarized in a table 3.
TABLE 3 Water quality monitoring results of sewage discharge port of small clear river
Figure BDA0002326576320000181
Figure BDA0002326576320000191
"/" indicates that: the drain has no water, so there is no corresponding data.
(3) Analysis of pollution source of small clear river
And (4) counting the water quantity and the water quality of each river-entering sewage discharge outlet in each water period, calculating the average value of the water quantity and the water quality in each water period, and analyzing the pollution contribution of each sewage discharge outlet to the drainage basin. If various sewage outlets are classified and gathered, the pollution contribution of various sewage outlets in different water periods to the drainage basin can be analyzed, and therefore a source control and sewage interception scheme for meeting the water quality of the drainage basin is provided.
1) Water volume analysis
The flow rate of each type of sewage discharge outlet in different periods is shown in figure 2. The statistics are statistics that do not account for water loss. As can be seen from the figure, the sewage outlets with the water amount accounting for the first three positions in the month of 4 are ordered as follows: sewage plant (77.44%) > tributary (14.86%) > overflow (7.63%); the water amount in 8 months accounts for the first four digits and is sorted as follows: tributary (44.73%) > sewage plant (38.99%) > source (10.36%) > overflow (5.74%); the water amount in 10 months accounts for the first four digits and is sorted as follows: sewage plant (55.75%) > tributary (35.92%) > source (4.55%) > overflow (3.57%). In the dry period, the water content of the sewage treatment plant is up to 77.4%, followed by 14.86% of the side stream and then 7.63% of the overflow. In flood season, the ratio of the branch water is 44.73% at the highest, then 38.99% in sewage plants, and then 10.36% at the source; in the period of normal water, the sewage plant has the highest proportion of discharged water, namely 55.75%, the next branch is 35.92%, and the next source is 4.55%.
In each period, the total sum of the sewage treatment plant and the branch contributes most to the water volume of the small clear river, wherein the dry season accounts for 92.30 percent of the total water discharge, the flood season accounts for 83.73 percent, and the normal season accounts for 91.68 percent. With the extension of sewage treatment plants, overflow drain will be solved, while the tributary flow will not be worth a little. The branch flow represents the pollution discharge generated by surface runoff and is the key point for the next treatment of improving the water quality of the small clear river.
2) Watershed pollution source contribution resolution
In the example, various sewage outlets are classified and gathered into a sewage plant, an overflow port, a branch and other four types. The proportion of the pollutant discharge is calculated by combining the flow, and the COD of the small clear river is mainly analyzedCrThe contribution rates of the emission of pollution sources of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus are shown in the attached figure 3.
CODCrPollution analysis: the pollution contribution rate of COD in month 4 was: sewage plant (54.67%)>Overflow mouth (31.44%)>The fouling contribution of the substream (13.79%), COD in month 8 was: branch (40.12%)>Overflow port (31.87%)>Sewage plants (16.31%), COD pollution contribution rate in 10 months: branch (50.87%)>Overflow mouth (23.27%)>Sewage plant (21.66%). It can be seen that the contribution of the sewage plant to COD is only the largest in the dry season and is reduced in the flood season and the open season. The side flow contributes most to COD in flood season and open water season, and the overflow port is arranged next. The contribution of the branch is mainly reflected in the flood season and the open water season, which shows that the control of surface runoff pollution is the key point of the next step after the point source is effectively controlled.
And (3) ammonia nitrogen pollution analysis: the ammonia nitrogen pollution contribution rate in month 4 is as follows: overflow (51.39%) > tributary (26.92%) > sewage plant (21.67%), ammonia nitrogen pollution contribution rate in 8 months: tributary (49.88%) > overflow (31.64%) > sewage plant (8.24%), ammonia nitrogen pollution contribution rate in 10 months: overflow (50.25%) > tributary (31.94%) > sewage plant (16.84%). It can be seen that the overflow port contributes most to ammonia nitrogen during the dry season and the flat season, followed by the side stream and then the sewage treatment plant. In the flood season, the contribution of the branch to ammonia nitrogen is the largest, and then the branch is an overflow port and then a sewage treatment plant. Therefore, in order to make the ammonia nitrogen of the small clear river reach the standard, the sewage at the overflow port needs to be discharged after being treated, and then branch treatment and surface runoff pollution control are carried out.
Total nitrogen: the pollution contribution rate of total nitrogen in month 4 was: sewage plant (68.16%) > side stream (28.49%) > overflow (3.32%), the pollution contribution of total nitrogen for 8 months was: tributary (44.23%) > sewage plant (37.98%) > source (10.79%), the pollution contribution of total nitrogen in 10 months was: tributary (55.11%) > sewage plant (34.25%) > overflow (8.61%). It can be seen that the sewage plant contributes most to the total nitrogen during the dry season, followed by the side stream and then the overflow; during flood seasons, the tributaries contribute most to the total nitrogen, followed by the sewage treatment plant and then the source. During the open water phase, the side stream contributes the most to the total nitrogen, followed by the sewage plant and then the overflow. Therefore, in order to make the total nitrogen of the small clear river reach the standard, the effluent of a sewage treatment plant needs to be strictly controlled firstly, and then the tributary and surface runoff pollution control is carried out. The sewage plant and the branch contribute the most to the total nitrogen of the small clear river on the whole, the two are almost equivalent, the overflow port is arranged, and the contribution rate of the source is increased in rainy season.
Total phosphorus: the pollution contribution rate of total phosphorus in month 4 was: sewage plant (34.92%) > overflow (34.63%) > side stream (30.43%), the pollution contribution of total phosphorus in month 8 was: tributary (43.23%) > overflow (38.25%) > sewage plant (12.43%), the pollution contribution of total phosphorus in 10 months was: tributary (68.84%) > overflow (16.96%) > sewage plant (13.16%). It can be seen that during the dry season, the sewage plant contributes the most to total phosphorus, followed by the overflow, and then the side stream. During flood season and open water season, the tributary contributes most to the total phosphorus, followed by the overflow and then the sewage treatment plant. Therefore, in order to make the total phosphorus of the small clear river reach the standard, the branch flow and surface runoff pollution control need to be carried out, and then the overflow port sewage is brought into a sewage plant for treatment.
At present, the main overproof factor of the Min-Qing river Ji-nan section is ammonia nitrogen, and an analysis result shows that the contribution of an overflow port is maximum and exceeds 50% when no rainfall exists. The sewage at the overflow port is domestic sewage collected by a municipal pipe network, and the sewage cannot be treated due to insufficient treatment capacity of a sewage plant, so that the sewage is directly discharged into a small clear river. Therefore, the most urgent need is to treat the sewage at the overflow port and discharge the sewage in order to make the ammonia nitrogen in the small clear river reach the standard. In 2019, the capacity of 10 ten thousand tons/day is respectively expanded in a light large water service first plant and a light large water service second plant in Jinan city of 1 month, the sewage at the overflow port is gradually introduced into a sewage plant for treatment and then is discharged into a small clear river, and the water quality of the small clear river is obviously improved, which is shown in figure 4. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of ammonia nitrogen concentration in the exit section of the Minnan section of the Xiaoqing river after the overflow port is blocked. Fig. 4 shows that the ammonia nitrogen monitoring data of the small clear river exit section in the city of denna of 2019 is obviously superior to that in 2018. From 2 months to the present in 2019, the ammonia nitrogen indexes all reach the V-type standard of surface water environmental quality standard. The analytic result is accurate and reliable, and an accurate solution is provided for solving the drainage basin problem.

Claims (10)

1. A method for analyzing pollution sources of medium and small watersheds based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring comprises the following steps:
(1) checking a river sewage outlet:
collecting pollution source and drain port data, performing on-site survey, and determining the distribution condition and the specific position of a river drain port;
checking the table according to the checking result, and coding the table into a river drain outlet; compiling an electronic map of the position of the sewage draining exit;
(2) synchronously monitoring the water quantity and the water quality of the river inlet:
firstly, determining water level, flow and water quality monitoring scheme, then according to the low water period, rich water period and flat water period pair
Respectively monitoring the water level, the water quantity and the water quality;
(3) analyzing a drainage basin pollution source:
counting the water quantity and the water quality of each river sewage outlet in each water period, and calculating the average value of the water quantity and the water quality in each water period; and classifying the sewage outlets of various pollution sources, counting the discharge amount of the various pollution sources, and analyzing the pollution contribution of the various sewage outlets to the drainage basin.
2. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(1) when checking a sewage draining exit entering a river, measuring the geographical position of the sewage draining exit by adopting a GPS method, wherein a coordinate system is a WGS-84 coordinate system, and an elevation system is a 1956 yellow sea elevation system; and accurately measuring the geographical position of the sewage outlet by using an RTK mode of the GPS mobile station, and drawing an electronic map.
3. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(1) in the method, all the sewage outlets for continuously or intermittently discharging sewage to the river are checked one by one; the river-entering sewage discharge outlet does not contain a river-entering rainwater discharge outlet, farmland draining and waterlogging, a water-returning discharge outlet, a flood interception ditch and a flood diversion ditch inlet which are not used for discharging sewage;
the checking content comprises the position, longitude and latitude coordinates, the property of the waste water and sewage, the discharge mode and the water function area of the river sewage outlet;
checking the table according to the checking result, and compiling the checking result;
coding a river sewage discharge outlet: coding is carried out on main flow, branch flow, sewage draining exit/ditch, overflow port, industrial sewage draining and sewage treatment plant.
4. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 3, wherein:
(1) in the checking process, a drain outlet with overhigh pollutant content in the previous river drain outlet monitoring result is intensively investigated; investigating the sewage source of a domestic sewage discharge outlet, investigating the sewage treatment capacity of an industrial sewage discharge outlet enterprise, and determining the treatment level and the reclaimed water use of a sewage discharge outlet of a sewage treatment plant;
preferably, the contents in the check list comprise names of the river inlets and outlets, codes of the river inlets and outlets, detailed addresses, legal representatives, unit properties, water consumption, service areas, service population, sewage properties, river inlet modes, discharge modes and addresses;
preferably, when the coding is carried out on the river sewage discharge outlet, the coding is carried out according to the following numbering rules:
dry flow: the front part is covered with GL, the back part is numbered, the numbering sequence is from upstream to downstream, two-bit Arabic numerals are used for recording, and the front part of the one-bit numbering is supplemented with '0';
branch flow: the front crown is ZL, the back is numbered, the numbering sequence is from upstream to downstream, two-bit Arabic numbers are recorded, and the front of the one-bit numbering is supplemented with '0';
drain (ditch): the former crown is numbered in PW followed by numbering, and the numbering order is from upstream to downstream in the way that: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
an overflow port: the prefix is YL followed by numbering, the numbering being in the order from upstream to downstream, the numbering being: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
and (3) industrial pollution discharge: the anterior crown is numbered GP followed by the number, the numbering order being from upstream to downstream, the numbering being: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
sewage treatment plant: the former crown is numbered in SZC followed by numbering, the numbering order is from upstream to downstream, and the numbering mode is as follows: recording with two digits, and supplementing '0' in front of the digit number;
preferably, when editing and consulting the electronic map of the river sewage draining exit:
1) marking positions of tributary, overflow ports and direct-discharge enterprises on rivers;
2) the point position of flow measurement sampling analysis is marked, and the position of a sewage discharge port in a factory is marked by an enterprise discharging branches.
5. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(2) when the water level is monitored at the river sewage outlet, the method is executed according to the water level observation standard in GB/T50138-2010; the following method is adopted for monitoring the section which is not suitable for setting the water gauge: and fixed point level points are arranged at the upper edge of the quay wall and the edge of the bridge, the coordinates and the elevation of the fixed points are measured by adopting an RTK mode of a GPS, the vertical distance from the national fixed level points to the water surface is measured by using a steel ruler or a depth measuring rod, and the water level of a branch or a sewage discharge outlet monitoring section is calculated.
6. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(2) when the sewage outlet of the medium river monitors the water quantity, any one of a flow rate meter method, a buoy method, an overflow weir method and a volumetric method is adopted for monitoring; the sewage treatment plant adopts flow data monitored by the online monitoring equipment;
in the flow monitoring of other sewage outlets, firstly, flow measurement is carried out by adopting a current meter-area method, the current meter is used for measuring the current of each vertical line, a depth finder or a depth measuring rod is used for measuring the water depth, a steel ruler or a total station is used for measuring the starting point distance of a section, and then the section flow is calculated according to the current-area method;
for a monitoring section which is not suitable for a rotor current meter method, measuring the surface current velocity of each perpendicular line by adopting an ultrasonic surface current meter, measuring the section of the river channel, calculating the surface virtual flow by using a current velocity-area method, and multiplying the surface virtual flow by a coefficient to obtain the actual flow, wherein the coefficient is 0.8-0.9;
for the monitoring section which is not suitable for the flow test method, the flow is measured by adopting a double-buoy method, the water surface buoy is made of a straw and a wood stick, the lower part of the buoy is dropped with stones, the upper part of the buoy is inserted with a small flag which is easy to observe, a battery, an electric bead or a cotton ball torch can be arranged on the buoy at night to form a luminous buoy, the lower end of the buoy is dropped with a heavy object, the upper end of the buoy is added with a marker, the water depth is 9/10 or more of the full water depth, the average flow velocity of the vertical line is measured, and then the actually measured water passing area of the monitoring section is multiplied by;
for the monitoring section with an overflow dam and a culvert gate structure, a measuring gate, an upstream water level or a water level of an upstream advancing river channel is adopted to calculate a water head of the water passing section, and the flow is calculated by using a weir gate and overflow weir formula;
for a drainage and drainage monitoring section of a drainage pipeline for a sewage outlet, adopting a container with a standard volume to receive water flow, and timing from the beginning of receiving and timing to the container full, wherein the flow rate = the volume/receiving time of the container;
and determining the average river inflow rate under the condition of no surface runoff for the river inflow sewage discharge outlet which is controlled by a gate or pumped by a pump station according to the pumping cycle and the pumping time.
7. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(2) in the middle, when the water quality and the water quantity are synchronously monitored at a sewage discharge outlet of a river, the monitoring is carried out according to a dry season, a rich season and a flat season;
the dry season is to every drain continuous monitoring 2 days, and the interval sampling 3 times every day, sampling time are 8 respectively: 00. 17: 00 and 24: 00, the first sampling time of each sewage draining exit is 17: 00, respectively detecting six sampling samples; selecting a day without precipitation three days before monitoring as monitoring sampling time; the river sewage outlet monitoring project comprises: flow rate, flow velocity, water level, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)CrNH, ammonia nitrogen3-N, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and turbidity;
the method comprises the following steps of monitoring the conditions after rainfall in a rich water period, and sampling after 3 days of general rainfall, wherein the time is as follows: 8: 00. 17: 00 and 24: 00, continuously monitoring each sewage draining exit for 2 days; the monitoring items and the monitoring method are the same as the dry season;
the leveling period is to every drain continuous monitoring 2 days, and the interval sampling is 3 times, and the sample time is 8 respectively: 00. 17: 00 and 24: 00; selecting a day without precipitation three days before monitoring as monitoring sampling time; the monitoring items and the monitoring method are the same as the dry season;
quality control of sampling and analysis in the monitoring process comprises blank, parallel sample, quality control sample and standard addition recovery rate; and finally compiling a monitoring report.
8. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 7, wherein:
setting and noting a background section of a river-entering drain outlet/seriously-polluted ditch affected by surface runoff, and calculating the amount of discharged sewage to deduct the amount of upstream coming water and the amount of background pollutants;
the sum of the discharge amount of each monitored river-entering sewage discharge outlet accounts for more than 90 percent of the total amount of the river-entering sewage discharge in the river reach.
9. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
(3) analyzing a drainage basin pollution source: counting the water quantity and the water quality of each river sewage outlet in each water period, and calculating the average value of the water quantity and the water quality in each water period; then, classifying the sewage outlets of various pollution sources, counting the discharge amount of the various pollution sources, and analyzing the pollution contribution of the various sewage outlets to the drainage basin;
preferably, the various pollution source drain outlets are any one of a drainage basin source, a drain outlet of a sewage treatment plant, a drain outlet of an enterprise, a branch drain outlet and a main flow overflow outlet.
10. The method for analyzing the pollution source of the medium and small watershed based on multi-sewage-discharge-port inspection and monitoring as claimed in claim 9, wherein: and when the pollution contribution of each drain outlet to the drainage basin is analyzed, the contribution rate of the emission of each pollution source is analyzed aiming at pollutants which do not reach the drainage basin standard.
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