CN112379406A - Microseism tester based on geological exploration - Google Patents
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- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/16—Receiving elements for seismic signals; Arrangements or adaptations of receiving elements
- G01V1/18—Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements
- G01V1/181—Geophones
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/288—Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics
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Abstract
The invention provides a microseism tester based on geological exploration.A modulator is arranged to generate two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with the same amplitude and frequency and opposite phases, and the two paths of high-frequency carrier signals are respectively connected to two ends of a differential capacitor in an MEMS sensor, and the output signals of the differential capacitor are demodulated through phase sensitivity to obtain acceleration signals; on the other hand, a modulation mode of double-path carrier waves is adopted, when the open-loop gain of the C-V converter is large enough, the level of the inverting input end of the built-in amplifier of the C-V converter is close to 0, namely the influence of the input capacitance and the stray capacitance of the inverting input end on the measuring circuit is very small, meanwhile, the circuit is simple in structure, the two paths of high-frequency carrier waves are consistent in parameters, and errors caused by parameter mismatching are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a micro-vibration tester based on geological exploration.
Background
Seismic exploration is a common method in geological detection, and the working principle of the method is as follows: the seismic source excites the simulated seismic waves, the seismic waves shuttle in the stratum, meet different media for reflection, and finally return to the ground. The geological structure and the form are analyzed by using a seismic wave analysis system in combination with a geological interpretation principle and priori knowledge so as to achieve the effect of imaging the section of the geological structure to be detected. The key to realizing geological exploration is to have a high-performance detector, and the core of the high-performance detector is a MEMS sensor. At present, the detector most used in geological exploration is a moving-coil detector, and due to the fact that the equipment is large in size, large-area damage can be caused to a road during each detection, extra resource consumption and material damage can be caused, and therefore the technical problem that performance is not high exists. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a microseismic tester based on geological exploration, which designs a high-performance MEMS digital detector based on a MEMS sensor, and achieves the purpose of high resolution detection.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a microseismic tester based on geological exploration, and a high-performance MEMS digital detector is designed based on an MEMS sensor, so that the purpose of high-resolution detection is realized.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a microseism tester based on geological exploration, which comprises an MEMS sensor, an A/D converter, a processor, a C-V converter, a de-biasing circuit, a first integrator, a second integrator, an analog switch, a modulator, a synchronous detector and a signal conditioning circuit, wherein the A/D converter is connected with the processor;
the modulator generates two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with opposite phases and inputs the signals to two ends of a differential capacitor in the MEMS sensor respectively, the common end of the differential capacitor is electrically connected with the input end of a de-biasing circuit through a C-V converter, the output end of the de-biasing circuit is electrically connected with the input end of a first integrator and the first input end of an analog switch respectively, the output end of the first integrator is electrically connected with the input end of a second integrator and the second input end of the analog switch respectively, the output end of the second integrator is electrically connected with the third input end of the analog switch, the first output end of the analog switch is electrically connected with the analog input end of an A/D converter through a synchronous detector, the second output end of the analog switch is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through a signal conditioning circuit, and the digital output end of the A/D converter is electrically connected with an I/O port of the processor.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the modulator includes an oscillation circuit and an inverter;
the oscillation circuit generates two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with opposite phases, wherein one path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to one end of the differential capacitor after being inverted by the phase inverter, and the other path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to the other end of the differential capacitor.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the oscillation circuit is an RC oscillation circuit.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the synchronous detector includes a buffer amplifier, a band-pass filter, a phase-sensitive demodulator and a low-pass filter;
the input end of the buffer amplifier is electrically connected with the first output end of the analog switch, the output end of the buffer amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the phase-sensitive demodulator through the band-pass filter, and the output end of the phase-sensitive demodulator is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through the low-pass filter.
Based on the above technical solution, preferably, the center frequency of the band-pass filter is 20 KHz.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the signal conditioning circuit includes a gain-adjustable amplifier and an anti-aliasing filter;
the input end of the gain adjustable amplifier is electrically connected with the second output end of the analog switch, and the output end of the gain adjustable amplifier is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through the anti-aliasing filter.
On the basis of the above technical solution, preferably, the unbiasing circuit includes: resistors R1-R4, a 2.5V reference voltage, and an operational amplifier TL 082;
the common end of the differential capacitor is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R1 through a C-V converter, the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier TL082, a 2.5V reference voltage is respectively electrically connected with one end of a resistor R4 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier TL082 through a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded, and a resistor R3 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier TL082 in parallel.
Compared with the prior art, the microseism tester based on geological exploration has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a modulator is arranged to generate two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with the same amplitude and frequency and opposite phases, the two paths of high-frequency carrier signals are respectively connected to two ends of a differential capacitor in the MEMS sensor, and an acceleration signal is obtained by phase-sensitive demodulation of an output signal of the differential capacitor; on the other hand, a modulation mode of double-path carrier waves is adopted, when the open-loop gain of the C-V converter is large enough, the level of the inverting input end of the built-in amplifier of the C-V converter is close to 0, namely the influence of the input capacitance and the stray capacitance of the inverting input end on the measuring circuit is very small, meanwhile, the circuit is simple in structure, the two paths of high-frequency carrier waves are consistent in parameters, and errors caused by parameter mismatching are avoided;
(2) the direct current bias in the output signal of the MEMS sensor is removed by arranging the de-biasing circuit, so that the influence of the direct current bias on the measurement precision of the Z-axis vibration quantity is reduced, the measurement precision is improved, the quality of the output signal of the MEMS sensor is improved, and the problem of serious quality loss of the output signal of the MEMS sensor in a post-stage circuit is avoided;
(3) through setting up first integrator and second integrator, carry out the integral processing once to MEMS sensor output signal and can obtain speed signal, carry out the integral processing twice to MEMS sensor output signal and can obtain displacement signal, obtain three parameter value through once detecting, improve the detection precision of system.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a de-biasing circuit in the microseismic tester based on geological exploration.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the microseismic tester based on geological exploration comprises a MEMS sensor, an A/D converter, a processor, a C-V converter, a de-biasing circuit, a first integrator, a second integrator, an analog switch, a modulator, a synchronous detector and a signal conditioning circuit.
At present, the detector most used in geological exploration is a moving-coil detector, and due to the fact that the equipment is large in size, large-area damage can be caused to a road during each detection, extra resource consumption and material damage can be caused, and therefore the technical problem that performance is not high exists. Therefore, in order to reduce resource consumption and material damage, the MEMS sensor in this embodiment employs an ADXL335 acceleration sensor, which employs a differential capacitance detection signal, and an output signal of the differential capacitance detection signal is processed by a C-V converter and finally output in the form of a voltage VOUT.
In order to improve the sensitivity of the micro-vibration tester and facilitate the effective extraction of the output signal of the MEMS sensor from the signal noise by a post-stage circuit. In this embodiment, a modulator is arranged to generate two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with the same amplitude and frequency and opposite phases, and the two paths of high-frequency carrier signals are respectively connected to two ends of a differential capacitor in an MEMS sensor, and an acceleration signal is obtained by phase-sensitive demodulation of an output signal of the differential capacitor. Preferably, the modulator includes an oscillation circuit and an inverter; specifically, the oscillation circuit generates two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with opposite phases, wherein one path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to one end of the differential capacitor after being inverted by the inverter, and the other path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to the other end of the differential capacitor. The phase inverter is used for obtaining a high-frequency carrier signal which has the same amplitude and frequency as the other high-frequency carrier signal and is opposite in phase; the oscillating circuit can adopt an RC oscillating circuit; by adopting a modulation mode of double-path carrier waves, when the open-loop gain of the C-V converter is large enough, the level of the inverting input end of the built-in amplifier of the C-V converter is close to 0, namely the influence of the input capacitance and the stray capacitance of the inverting input end on a measuring circuit is very small, and meanwhile, the circuit is simple in structure, the two paths of high-frequency carrier waves are consistent in parameters, and errors caused by mismatching of the parameters are avoided.
In the process of processing the output signal of the MEMS sensor, the measurement precision of the Z-axis vibration quantity can be influenced by the placement of the sensor in the measurement process due to the inherent bias voltage of the MEMS sensor; meanwhile, if the bias signal is directly amplified, the operation of a post-amplification circuit is directly influenced, and the signal quality is lost. Therefore, in order to solve the above problem, in this embodiment, a de-bias circuit is provided to perform de-dc bias processing on the output signal of the MEMS sensor. The common end of the differential capacitor is electrically connected with the input end of the de-biasing circuit through the C-V converter, and the output end of the de-biasing circuit is electrically connected with the input end of the first integrator and the first input end of the analog switch respectively. Because the sensitivity of the MEMS sensor is very high, the de-biasing circuit can process the acquired signals correspondingly and swiftly, and the loss of vibration data is avoided; the differential capacitance of the MEMS sensor caused by vibration is very weak, the impedance of the circuit of the MEMS sensor is very small, and the de-biasing circuit serving as a first-stage operational amplifier circuit needs to have the impedance at least one order of magnitude higher than that of the first-stage operational amplifier circuit so as to keep the sensitive and low-noise characteristics of the circuit. In view of the above requirements, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the unbiasing circuit includes: resistors R1-R4, a 2.5V reference voltage, and an operational amplifier TL 082; specifically, the common terminal of the differential capacitor is electrically connected with one terminal of a resistor R1 through a C-V converter, the other terminal of the resistor R1 is electrically connected with the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier TL082, the 2.5V reference voltage is electrically connected with one terminal of a resistor R4 and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier TL082 through a resistor R2, the other terminal of the resistor R4 is grounded, and the resistor R3 is connected in parallel between the inverting input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier TL 082. Because the output signal of the MEMS sensor generally has 2.5V direct current bias, the 2.5V reference voltage is used for eliminating the direct current bias brought by the MEMS sensor; the resistors R1-R4 and the operational amplifier TL082 form a subtracter, the signal input into the operational amplifier TL082 is subtracted from the 2.5V reference voltage, and when the resistances of the resistors R1-R4 are equal, the 2.5V offset can be eliminated.
Because the voltage signal output by the de-biasing circuit represents an acceleration signal, in order to obtain a corresponding speed signal, the first integrator is arranged in the embodiment, and performs integration processing on the signal output by the de-biasing circuit to obtain a speed signal; in order to obtain a corresponding displacement signal, in this embodiment, a second integrator is provided, and the output signal of the second integrator is subjected to a second integration process to obtain a displacement signal. In this embodiment, the output end of the de-biasing circuit is electrically connected to the input end of the first integrator and the first input end of the analog switch, the output end of the first integrator is electrically connected to the input end of the second integrator and the second input end of the analog switch, the output end of the second integrator is electrically connected to the third input end of the analog switch, the first output end of the analog switch is electrically connected to the analog input end of the a/D converter through the synchronous detector, the second output end of the analog switch is electrically connected to the analog input end of the a/D converter through the signal conditioning circuit, and the digital output end of the a/D converter is electrically connected to the I/O port of the processor. The analog switch is used for selectively outputting an acceleration signal, a speed signal and a displacement signal, outputting the acceleration signal to the synchronous detector for detection, and outputting the speed signal and the displacement signal to the signal conditioning circuit for processing. Preferably, the analog switch can be combined by two alternative switches, wherein the output end of the first integrator and the output end of the second integrator are electrically connected with the two input ends of one of the alternative switches in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the output end of the alternative switch is electrically connected with the input end of the signal conditioning circuit; the output end of the de-biasing circuit is electrically connected with one input end of the other one of the two-choice switches, and the output end of the one of the two-choice switches is electrically connected with the input end of the synchronous detector. In this embodiment, a first integrator and a second integrator are provided, so that a speed signal and a displacement signal can be obtained respectively; and setting an analog switch to selectively output the acceleration signal, the speed signal and the displacement signal.
And the signal conditioning circuit is used for processing the speed signal and the displacement signal which are selectively output by the analog switch. Preferably, the signal conditioning circuit includes a gain-adjustable amplifier and an anti-aliasing filter, wherein an input terminal of the gain-adjustable amplifier is electrically connected to the second output terminal of the analog switch, and an output terminal of the gain-adjustable amplifier is electrically connected to the analog input terminal of the a/D converter through the anti-aliasing filter.
And the synchronous detector is used for detecting the acceleration signal selectively output by the analog switch. Preferably, the synchronous detector comprises a buffer amplifier, a band-pass filter, a phase-sensitive demodulator and a low-pass filter; the input end of the buffer amplifier is electrically connected with the first output end of the analog switch, the output end of the buffer amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the phase-sensitive demodulator through the band-pass filter, and the output end of the phase-sensitive demodulator is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through the low-pass filter. The shallow seismic wave characteristic analysis shows that the output voltage of the MEMS sensor is stabilized between 1mV and 20mV, and the input range required by the A/D converter is less than or equal to 2.5V, so that the buffer amplifier is arranged to amplify the output signal of the MEMS sensor, and the amplification factor is 100 times; because low frequency noise and high frequency noise in the environment can be mixed in the acceleration signal, consequently, in order to filter the interference that environmental noise brought, set up band pass filter in this embodiment and carry out useful signal extraction to band pass filter's central frequency is the high frequency carrier frequency, so that draw out high frequency carrier signal. Preferably, the bandpass filter has a center frequency of 20 KHz. The phase-sensitive demodulation is used for detecting the modulated signal to obtain an acceleration signal, and since the seismic signal is weak and the signal-to-noise ratio is low, the acceleration signal is obtained by using a phase-sensitive detection method, specifically, by using a switch phase-sensitive detection method. In order to improve the dynamic range of the system and eliminate noise and interference brought by the environment and the circuit per se as much as possible, in the embodiment, a low-pass filter circuit is connected after phase-sensitive detection, and as the frequency of shallow reflected waves is as high as 250Hz and the frequency of some deep reflected waves is lower than 10Hz, effective data for inverting the geological structure refers to reflected waves, the frequency of the reflected waves is about 30Hz, in the embodiment, the cut-off frequency of the low-pass filter is greater than the frequency of recorded seismic waves, and the low-pass filter is a linear system in the frequency band of the reflected seismic waves as much as possible, so that the seismic wave signals are.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: an oscillation circuit generates two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with opposite phases, wherein one path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to one end of a differential capacitor after being inverted through an inverter, the other path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to the other end of the differential capacitor, a common end of the differential capacitor outputs a capacitance signal, the capacitance signal is converted into a voltage signal through a C-V converter, direct current offset in the voltage signal is removed through a de-biasing circuit to obtain an acceleration signal, the voltage signal is integrated through a first integrator to obtain a speed signal, the speed signal is processed through a second integrator to obtain a displacement signal, the acceleration signal, the speed signal and the displacement signal are respectively input to an analog switch, when the analog switch selects to output the acceleration signal, the acceleration signal is amplified through a buffer amplifier, environmental noise is filtered through a band-pass filter, an acceleration signal is obtained through detection of a phase-sensitive demodulator, and the environmental noise is filtered again through a low D converter carries on the analog-to-digital conversion, the digital signal after the conversion is input to the processor and processed; when the analog switch selects to output the speed signal or the displacement signal, the speed signal or the displacement signal is amplified by the gain adjustable amplifier and filtered by the anti-aliasing filter and then input to the A/D converter for analog-to-digital conversion, and the converted digital signal is input to the processor for processing.
The beneficial effect of this embodiment does: the method comprises the steps that a modulator is arranged to generate two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with the same amplitude and frequency and opposite phases, the two paths of high-frequency carrier signals are respectively connected to two ends of a differential capacitor in the MEMS sensor, and an acceleration signal is obtained by phase-sensitive demodulation of an output signal of the differential capacitor; on the other hand, a modulation mode of double-path carrier waves is adopted, when the open-loop gain of the C-V converter is large enough, the level of the inverting input end of the built-in amplifier of the C-V converter is close to 0, namely the influence of the input capacitance and the stray capacitance of the inverting input end on the measuring circuit is very small, meanwhile, the circuit is simple in structure, the two paths of high-frequency carrier waves are consistent in parameters, and errors caused by parameter mismatching are avoided;
the direct current bias in the output signal of the MEMS sensor is removed by arranging the de-biasing circuit, so that the influence of the direct current bias on the measurement precision of the Z-axis vibration quantity is reduced, the measurement precision is improved, the quality of the output signal of the MEMS sensor is improved, and the problem of serious quality loss of the output signal of the MEMS sensor in a post-stage circuit is avoided;
through setting up first integrator and second integrator, carry out the integral processing once to MEMS sensor output signal and can obtain speed signal, carry out the integral processing twice to MEMS sensor output signal and can obtain displacement signal, obtain three parameter value through once detecting, improve the detection precision of system.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. Microseism tester based on geological exploration, it includes MEMS sensor, AD converter and treater, its characterized in that: the device also comprises a C-V converter, a de-biasing circuit, a first integrator, a second integrator, an analog switch, a modulator, a synchronous detector and a signal conditioning circuit;
the modulator generates two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with opposite phases and respectively inputs the high-frequency carrier signals to two ends of a differential capacitor in the MEMS sensor, the common end of the differential capacitor is electrically connected with the input end of a de-biasing circuit through a C-V converter, the output end of the de-biasing circuit is electrically connected with the input end of a first integrator and the first input end of an analog switch respectively, the output end of the first integrator is electrically connected with the input end of a second integrator and the second input end of the analog switch respectively, the output end of the second integrator is electrically connected with the third input end of the analog switch, the first output end of the analog switch is electrically connected with the analog input end of an A/D converter through a synchronous detector, the second output end of the analog switch is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through a signal conditioning circuit, and the digital output end of the A/D converter is electrically connected with an I/O port of the processor.
2. The microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to claim 1 wherein: the modulator comprises an oscillating circuit and an inverter;
the oscillation circuit generates two paths of high-frequency carrier signals with opposite phases, wherein one path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to one end of the differential capacitor after being inverted by the phase inverter, and the other path of high-frequency carrier signal is input to the other end of the differential capacitor.
3. The microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to claim 2 wherein: the oscillating circuit is an RC oscillating circuit.
4. The microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to claim 1 wherein: the synchronous detector comprises a buffer amplifier, a band-pass filter, a phase-sensitive demodulator and a low-pass filter;
the input end of the buffer amplifier is electrically connected with the first output end of the analog switch, the output end of the buffer amplifier is electrically connected with the input end of the phase-sensitive demodulator through the band-pass filter, and the output end of the phase-sensitive demodulator is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through the low-pass filter.
5. The microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to claim 4 wherein: the center frequency of the band-pass filter is 20 KHz.
6. The microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to claim 1 wherein: the signal conditioning circuit comprises a gain adjustable amplifier and an anti-aliasing filter;
the input end of the gain adjustable amplifier is electrically connected with the second output end of the analog switch, and the output end of the gain adjustable amplifier is electrically connected with the analog input end of the A/D converter through the anti-aliasing filter.
7. The microseismic tester based on geological exploration according to claim 1 wherein: the de-biasing circuit includes: resistors R1-R4, a 2.5V reference voltage, and an operational amplifier TL 082;
the common end of the differential capacitor is electrically connected with one end of a resistor R1 through a C-V converter, the other end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected with the inverting input end of an operational amplifier TL082, a 2.5V reference voltage is respectively electrically connected with one end of a resistor R4 and the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier TL082 through a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R4 is grounded, and a resistor R3 is connected between the inverting input end and the output end of the operational amplifier TL082 in parallel.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2783346Y (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-05-24 | 周瑶琪 | High precision micro mechanical accelevrtion meter vibration wave detector |
| US20190212358A1 (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Acceleration sensor |
| CN211426816U (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-09-04 | 吉林大学 | Low-power consumption wireless seismic data recording device |
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- 2020-12-09 CN CN202011429686.8A patent/CN112379406A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2783346Y (en) * | 2005-04-07 | 2006-05-24 | 周瑶琪 | High precision micro mechanical accelevrtion meter vibration wave detector |
| US20190212358A1 (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2019-07-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Acceleration sensor |
| CN211426816U (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-09-04 | 吉林大学 | Low-power consumption wireless seismic data recording device |
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Application publication date: 20210219 |