CN112374937A - Special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests for rhizoma polygonati and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests for rhizoma polygonati and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112374937A CN112374937A CN202011279565.XA CN202011279565A CN112374937A CN 112374937 A CN112374937 A CN 112374937A CN 202011279565 A CN202011279565 A CN 202011279565A CN 112374937 A CN112374937 A CN 112374937A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
Abstract
The invention discloses a polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which is mainly prepared from urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, tobacco stems, rapeseed meal, a fermentation microbial inoculum, a compound microbial inoculum A, a compound microbial inoculum B, micronutrients and a nanoparticle synergist. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing tobacco stems, weighing the crushed tobacco stems and rapeseed meal according to parts by weight, putting the tobacco stems and the rapeseed meal into a fermentation tank, adding water, a fermentation microbial inoculum and a compound microbial inoculum A, performing composting fermentation at 50-70 ℃ for 30 days, and turning over the piles for 1 time every 7 days to complete fermentation to obtain an organic material; uniformly mixing the organic material, the compound microbial agent B, the urea, the diammonium phosphate, the potassium sulfate, the micronutrients and the nanoparticle synergist, then granulating in a granulator, drying and subpackaging to obtain the polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests. The multiple components of the special fertilizer for polygonatum sibiricum cooperate to realize two functions of increasing the yield of polygonatum sibiricum, improving the content of active ingredients and preventing diseases and killing insects biologically.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to a polygonatum sibiricum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Rhizoma Polygonati, also known as rhizoma et radix Gaultheriae Yunnanensis and radix Oplopanacis Elati are perennial herb plants of genus gold of family Liliaceae, and can be planted at altitude of 800 + 2800 m, which is like yin, cold, drought and wet-waterlogging. The propagation mode is rhizome propagation or seed, the planting time can be late autumn or early spring, and the rhizome is the traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying in China, and has the functions of nourishing yin, promoting the production of body fluid, tonifying qi, moistening lung, generating blood, tonifying kidney, tonifying spleen, reducing blood pressure, reducing blood sugar, reducing blood fat, delaying senility and the like.
In recent years, with the rapid expansion of the planting area of polygonatum, the yield and quality of polygonatum are seriously affected by extensive management, improper fertilization, frequent pest and disease damage and the like in the cultivation process, and the method becomes a prominent problem for inhibiting the efficient and continuous development of polygonatum. The main diseases damaging the sealwort are root rot, leaf spot and black spot; the insect pests mainly include grub, cutworm, mole cricket, thrips, etc. At present, the pest and disease damage of polygonatum sibiricum is managed in fields in each period by taking 'timely prevention, prevention as a main part and combination of prevention and treatment', and the pest and disease damage is usually prevented by spraying pesticides, but the method not only increases pesticide residue in polygonatum sibiricum tubers, but also pollutes soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and shortcomings in the background art and provides a special fertilizer for polygonatum sibiricum for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a fertilizer special for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-250 parts of urea, 200-300 parts of diammonium phosphate, 100-200 parts of potassium sulfate, 250-350 parts of tobacco stems, 50-100 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-8 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum, 3-8 parts of a compound microbial agent A, 5-15 parts of a compound microbial agent B, 1-3 parts of micronutrients and 1-3 parts of a nano particle synergist, wherein the nano particle synergist is a mixture of nano silver and nano carbon in a mass ratio of 0.5:1, the nano silver is nano silver powder, the nano silver is purchased from Guangzhou Hongwu materials science and technology Limited, the purity is 99.9%, and the nano carbon is purchased from Shanghai Hongzhou nanometer science and technology Limited.
Preferably, the fertilizer special for polygonatum sibiricum comprises the following trace nutrient elements in a mass ratio of (5-10): (2-5): (10-15): (5-10) zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
Preferably, the fermentation inoculant is purchased from Weiteham (Weichafang) biotechnology limited company, and contains various beneficial microorganisms including microzyme, Trichoderma viride, polymyxa, Aspergillus, Nocardia, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, phosphorus-dissolving bacteria and potassium-dissolving bacteria, and the total bacteria number is more than or equal to 1-3 multiplied by 1011/ml。
Preferably, the compound microbial agent A is a compound microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1: 1. The bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis are provided in the form of freeze-dried powder, the freeze-dried powder of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis is prepared from corresponding bacterial solutions, and the concentration of each bacterial solution is 1-3 multiplied by 10 independently11Per gram.
Preferably, the compound microbial agent B is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 4: 4, bacillus tequilensis, streptomyces jingyangensis, trichoderma harzianum and pythium oligandrum. Providing the bacillus tequilensis, streptomyces jingyangensis, trichoderma harzianum and pythium oligandrum in a freeze-dried powder form; the freeze-dried powder of the bacillus tequilensis is prepared from corresponding bacterial liquid, the OD of the bacterial liquid concentration is 3-5, the freeze-dried powder of the streptomyces jingyangensis, trichoderma harzianum and pythium oligandrum is prepared from the corresponding bacterial liquid, and the concentration of each bacterial liquid is independently more than 2 multiplied by 1011Per gram.
The invention adopts a plurality of microbial agents (fermentation microbial agents and microbial agents A) to ferment organic matters, and adds a functional microbial agent (microbial agent B) in the fertilizer production process. The bacillus subtilis is a multifunctional beneficial microorganism bacterium, has the characteristic of strong organic matter decomposition capacity, can release high-activity decomposition enzyme while the bacterium is proliferated, and decomposes difficultly-decomposed macromolecular substances into utilizable micromolecular substances. The bacillus licheniformis is a common gram-positive thermophilic bacterium in soil, can efficiently degrade various substances such as cellulose, starch, protein, fat and the like, promotes the fermentation materials to be rapidly heated, dehydrated, deodorized and completely decomposed, achieves the treatment purpose by adjusting dysbacteriosis, and can promote organisms to generate antibacterial active substances and kill pathogenic bacteria. The bacillus tequilensis can destroy the biological membrane of pathogenic bacteria by producing lipopeptide, biosurfactant and other substances, thereby playing a role in inhibiting; meanwhile, the compound bactericide can be fast and stably colonized in plants, has high propagation speed and strong multiplication capacity, simultaneously has high-efficiency and broad-spectrum plant pathogen resistance, has treatment effect on plant overground diseases such as leaf spot disease, black spot disease, gray spot disease and the like and underground soil-borne diseases such as root rot, damping off, stem rot, blight and the like, and has high prevention effect. The Jingyang streptomycete is actinomycete, Jingyang streptomycete has obvious inhibiting effect on 32 kinds of pathogenic bacteria of soil-borne pathogenic bacteria, such as rhizopus, fusarium, mucor, aspergillus niger, trichoderma, bacillus subtilis and the like, can be propagated in mass in soil, and can not cause rotten seed phenomenon but promote the growth of plant roots when the Jingyang streptomycete exists in mass. The trichoderma harzianum can be used for preventing plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria such as pythium aphanidermatum, rhizoctonia solani, fusarium, botrytis cinerea, rhizopus nigricans and neurospora, and a protective layer is formed on the root system or the body surface of a crop in a mode of seizing an epiphyte so as to resist the infection of pathogenic bacteria. Pythium oligandrum is a parasitic fungus with strong aggressivity in nature, can colonize around roots of various crops, not only does not produce pathogenic action on the crops, but also can inhibit or kill other pathogenic fungi and soil-borne pathogenic bacteria, induce plants to produce defense reaction, reduce invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and can prevent and treat fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, epidemic disease, leaf spot, scab and the like caused by phytophthora, verticillium, sclerotinia, rhizoctonia, fusarium, pathogenic pythium and the like.
As a general inventive concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing tobacco stems, weighing the crushed tobacco stems and rapeseed meal in parts by weight into a fermentation tank, adding water, a fermentation microbial inoculum and a compound microbial agent A, performing compost fermentation at 50-70 ℃ for 30 days, and turning over the compost every 7 days for 1 time to complete fermentation to obtain an organic material;
(2) uniformly mixing organic materials, urea, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, a compound microbial agent B, micronutrients and a nanoparticle synergist, then granulating in a granulator, drying and subpackaging to obtain the polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
The tobacco stems are introduced into the raw materials, the tobacco stems are byproducts of the cigarette industry, the tobacco stems contain trace nicotine, and the smell and the effective components of the decomposed nicotine act on the central nervous system of insects to paralyze and die the insects, so that the strong repelling effect on underground insects such as cutworms, grubs, ants, mole crickets, weevils, maggots and the like is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the special fertilizer for polygonatum sibiricum disclosed by the invention consists of three parts, namely a microbial agent, a pure plant source organic material and an inorganic chemical element, and the multiple components cooperate to realize the functions of improving the yield and the content of active ingredients of polygonatum sibiricum, preventing and killing diseases such as biological diseases and pests, and preventing and treating diseases such as root rot, leaf spot, black spot and the like, grubs, cutworms, mole crickets, thrips and the like while improving the yield of polygonatum sibiricum, so that pesticide residues in stems of polygonatum sibiricum are reduced or even not used.
(2) The tobacco stems added in the method can also be used as culture mediums of the tequila bacillus and the jingyang streptomyces, so that the rapid propagation of flora in soil is promoted, the comprehensive effect among nicotine in the tobacco stems, the tequila bacillus and the jingyang streptomyces enhances the prevention and treatment effect on underground diseases and insect pests, promotes the growth of rhizoma polygonati root systems and the absorption of nutrients, and improves the yield and the quality of rhizoma polygonati.
(3) The added bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis are mixed to generate an anti-active substance, have a unique biological oxygen deprivation action mechanism, promote the propagation of the thallus per se, occupy space advantages and inhibit the growth and propagation of pathogenic bacteria.
(4) The pythium oligandrum and the trichoderma harzianum added in the invention are mutually cooperated, so that the disease control effect can be obviously improved. The Trichoderma harzianum and the Pythium oligandrum can be mixed to quickly secrete antibiotics, decompose cell walls of pathogenic fungi, parasitize the pathogenic fungi in ways of hypha adsorption, winding, penetration and the like of active ingredients into the pathogenic fungi, rob nutrition and kill the pathogenic fungi, and meanwhile, the Trichoderma harzianum promotes the Pythium oligandrum to quickly enter plants to generate the mycoprotein excitant oligoandrogenetic protein, so that the plants are induced to generate disease resistance.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
the invention relates to a polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200 parts of urea, 220 parts of diammonium phosphate, 160 parts of potassium sulfate, 300 parts of tobacco stems, 75 parts of rapeseed meal and 5 parts of fermentation inoculum (purchased from Weiteham biotechnology Limited company, and containing various beneficial microorganisms in microzyme, Trichoderma viride, polymyxa, Aspergillus, Nocardia, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, wherein the total bacterial count is more than or equal to 1-3 multiplied by 1011Per ml), 5 parts of compound microbial agent A, 10 parts of compound microbial agent B, 3 parts of micronutrient elements and 2 parts of nano particle synergist, wherein the nano particle synergist is a mixture of nano silver and nano carbon with a mass ratio of 0.5:1The mass ratio of the trace nutrient elements is 8: 4: 13: 8 of zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate and magnesium sulfate; the composite microbial agent A is a composite microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1:1, and the composite microbial agent B is a composite microbial agent consisting of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 4: 4, bacillus tequilensis, streptomyces jingyangensis, trichoderma harzianum and pythium oligandrum.
The preparation method of the polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing tobacco stems, weighing the crushed tobacco stems and rapeseed meal in parts by weight into a fermentation tank, adding water, a fermentation microbial inoculum and a compound microbial agent A, performing compost fermentation at 50-70 ℃ for 30 days, and turning over the compost every 7 days for 1 time to complete fermentation to obtain an organic material A;
(2) uniformly mixing the organic material A, the compound microbial agent B, the urea, the diammonium phosphate, the potassium sulfate, the micronutrients and the nanoparticle synergist according to the proportion, then granulating in a granulator, drying and subpackaging to obtain the polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
Comparative example 1:
compared with the sealwort fertilizer in the embodiment 1, the sealwort fertilizer in the comparative example has the advantages that tobacco stems are not added in the fermentation process of the organic decomposed materials, and other preparation processes and formulas are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 2:
compared with the sealwort fertilizer in the embodiment 1, the sealwort fertilizer of the comparative example is characterized in that the added microbial agent B is a mixture of 1:1, the other preparation process and the formula of the compound bacteria consisting of trichoderma harzianum and pythium oligandrum are the same as those in the example 1.
Comparative example 3:
the sealwort fertilizer of the comparative example is different from the sealwort fertilizer of the example 1 in that the added microbial agent B is a composite bacterium consisting of bacillus tequilensis and streptomyces jingyangensis in a mass ratio of 1:1, and other preparation processes and formulas are the same as those of the example 1.
The polygonatum fertilizer prepared in the example 1 and the comparative example is used for field test, 5 treatments are set in the field test, the treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the area of each cell is 20m2Selecting sealwort seedling 1500 plants per cell, 100 plants per cell. Wherein, the control group applies general fertilizers purchased in the market, and the application amount and the management measures of each group are the same. The disease condition of sealwort treated by different fertilizers is shown in table 1, the pest condition is shown in table 2, and the effective components and yield condition of sealwort treated by different fertilizers are shown in table 3.
TABLE 1 different fertilizer application for treating disease of rhizoma Polygonati
As can be seen from Table 1, the fertilizer special for polygonatum sibiricum of the invention has significant effect on prevention and control of polygonatum sibiricum diseases, and compared with a control group, the disease plant rates of leaf spot disease, black spot disease, root rot disease and greenish green mildew of the examples are respectively reduced by 63%, 46%, 24% and 55%.
TABLE 2 different conditions of applying fertilizer to treat rhizoma Polygonati insect pest
As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the control, the insect quantity of the embodiment is obviously reduced, the insect quantity of the comparative examples 1-3 is also reduced, but the reduction amount is obviously lower than that of the embodiment, and the effect of the special fertilizer for rhizoma polygonati on controlling underground pests and overground pests of rhizoma polygonati is obvious.
TABLE 3 effective components and yield of rhizoma Polygonati treated by different fertilization
| Treatment of | Rhizoma Polygonati polysaccharide/% | Diosgenin/(mg.g)-1) | Yield kg/hm2 |
| Control | 9.03 | 0.132 | 6085.65 |
| Examples | 10.69 | 0.207 | 7219.65 |
| Comparative example 1 | 9.61 | 0.145 | 6752.10 |
| Comparative example 2 | 9.88 | 0.137 | 6627.75 |
| Comparative example 3 | 10.02 | 0.162 | 6890.55 |
As can be seen from table 3, the effective components and yield of polygonatum sibiricum in the examples are significantly higher than those of the control and comparative examples, which shows that the fertilizer special for polygonatum sibiricum of the present invention has a certain influence on the effective components and yield of polygonatum sibiricum, can significantly increase the content of polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide and diosgenin, and can significantly improve the yield of polygonatum sibiricum.
Claims (6)
1. The special fertilizer for preventing and treating the plant diseases and insect pests is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150-250 parts of urea, 200-300 parts of diammonium phosphate, 100-200 parts of potassium sulfate, 250-350 parts of tobacco stems, 50-100 parts of rapeseed meal, 3-8 parts of a fermentation microbial inoculum, 3-8 parts of a compound microbial agent A, 5-15 parts of a compound microbial agent B, 1-3 parts of micronutrients and 1-3 parts of a nano particle synergist, wherein the nano particle synergist is a mixture of nano silver and nano carbon in a mass ratio of 0.5: 1.
2. The fertilizer special for rhizoma polygonati according to claim 1, wherein the micronutrient elements are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass (5-10): (2-5): (10-15): (5-10) zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate and magnesium sulfate.
3. The fertilizer special for rhizoma polygonati according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation bacteria agent comprises a plurality of yeasts, trichoderma viride, polymyxa, aspergillus, nocardia, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and potassium-solubilizing bacteria.
4. The special fertilizer for rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent A is a compound microbial agent consisting of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in a mass ratio of 1: 1.
5. The fertilizer special for rhizoma polygonati as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent B is a mixture of the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 4: 4 Bacillus tertalus (Bacillus tequilensis), Streptomyces jinganensis (Streptomyces jingyansis), Trichoderma harzianum (Trichoderma harzianum) and Pythium Oligandrum (Pythium Oligandrum).
6. A preparation method of the sealwort special fertilizer for controlling diseases and insect pests as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) crushing tobacco stems, weighing the crushed tobacco stems and rapeseed meal in parts by weight into a fermentation tank, adding water, a fermentation microbial inoculum and a compound microbial agent A, performing compost fermentation at 50-70 ℃ for 30 days, and turning over the compost every 7 days for 1 time to complete fermentation to obtain an organic material;
(2) uniformly mixing the organic material, the compound microbial agent B, the urea, the diammonium phosphate, the potassium sulfate, the micronutrients and the nanoparticle synergist, then granulating in a granulator, drying and subpackaging to obtain the polygonatum special fertilizer for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN113930364A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-01-14 | 怀化学院 | Bacillus and application and use method thereof in preventing and treating polygonatum sibiricum stem-point leaf spot disease |
| CN115161243A (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2022-10-11 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Streptomyces nigrogriseus capable of increasing yield of polygonatum sibiricum and application of streptomyces nigrogriseus |
| CN115362897A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-22 | 西南林业大学 | Polygonatum sibiricum cultivation method capable of improving quality of polygonatum sibiricum |
| CN115537363A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2022-12-30 | 云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所 | Bacillus subtilis, microbial inoculum, biological agent and application thereof |
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