CN112369356B - Pond distribution box cultivation method for stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring - Google Patents
Pond distribution box cultivation method for stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring Download PDFInfo
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- CN112369356B CN112369356B CN202011376652.7A CN202011376652A CN112369356B CN 112369356 B CN112369356 B CN 112369356B CN 202011376652 A CN202011376652 A CN 202011376652A CN 112369356 B CN112369356 B CN 112369356B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/30—Culture of aquatic animals of sponges, sea urchins or sea cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/047—Liquid pumps for aquaria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/06—Arrangements for heating or lighting in, or attached to, receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/065—Heating or cooling devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of stichopus japonicus culture, and discloses a pond box distribution culture method of stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, which comprises the following eight steps: (1) manufacturing a stichopus japonicus cloth box culture device; (2) heating the inlet water; (3) putting the stichopus japonicus selenka; (4) feeding baits; (5) sewage suction and water change; (6) heat preservation and oxygenation; (7) shading and reducing temperature; (8) catching and marketing. The invention makes up the deficiency of the natural production capacity of the pond, creates a new mode for culturing the apostichopus japonicus in the pond, realizes the win-win integration of culturing the apostichopus japonicus in the pond and culturing the apostichopus japonicus in the box, and realizes the highest quality and the maximum benefit of culturing the apostichopus japonicus in the whole pond; creating a new method for cultivating the stichopus japonicus, which is economical, environment-friendly and simple and convenient to operate; the growth period of the stichopus japonicus is remarkably prolonged by delayed growth at the end of autumn and early growth in spring; the growth speed and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus are improved; water resources are saved; the ecological utilization of the pond is promoted; the device has low manufacturing cost and outstanding water temperature adjusting effect; the method is reasonable, accurate and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of stichopus japonicus culture, in particular to a pond box distribution culture method of stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring.
Background
Stichopus japonicus is one of the best quality sea cucumbers in China, and is one of seafood 'eight delicacies'. The stichopus japonicus breeding industry has good development momentum, and has a considerable scale in pond breeding in coastal areas of China. However, three significant problems have been found in pond culture production of Stichopus japonicus. One is the problem of insufficient pond productivity. The pond has limited natural production capacity and cannot meet the requirement that all large stichopus japonicus groups grow up to eat well. Secondly, the problems of waste, pollution, troublesome operation and the like of pond stichopus japonicus feeding are solved. The stichopus japonicus powder bait is diffused in water and can not accurately fall on the reef, thus the influence of wind and waves is great and the water quality is polluted; the granular bait is thrown on the holothurian reef and is not necessarily eaten, so that the waste is serious; moreover, the feeding is carried out along the reef, so that people cannot know where the sea is going, and no sea is going, time and labor are wasted, and the work is half done. Thirdly, the growth time of the stichopus japonicus is short. The stichopus japonicus needs to go through the summer sleeping and the hibernation one year, the water temperature range suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus is narrow, the period is short, in addition, the water temperature provided by the pond cannot well meet the growth requirement of the stichopus japonicus, and the feeding range of the stichopus japonicus in the pond is limited; the bait is naturally generated from the pond, and the stichopus japonicus grows slowly and the breeding risk is increased because the pond breeding period is long, the pollution at the bottom of the pond is serious, and the artificial bait is dare not to be fed to prevent the aggravation of the pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides a pond box distribution cultivation method of stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Manufacturing a cloth box cultivation device for stichopus japonicus: the device comprises a raft plate, a cloth box and a plastic shed; the cloth box is a rectangular box body surrounded by box plates, the box plates are composed of inner and outer cloth and a heat insulation interlayer in the middle, and vacuum clamping is adopted; the plastic shed comprises an arched shed frame, a plastic film covered by the arched shed frame and a heat preservation quilt; the lower part of the raft is connected with a cloth box pressing plate, the upper part of the raft is connected with the bottom edge of the arched shed frame and fixed into a whole by screws respectively, so that the device integrally floats on the pond and is bound by ropes tied by wood piles, and the water level lines inside and outside the cloth box are positioned on the same horizontal plane; both sides of the lower part of the arched shed frame are respectively provided with a bait feeding hole and a sewage suction window; an upper water inlet pipe and a lower water inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the cloth box, and a water pump hung by a floating ball is arranged in the cloth box; a water outlet pipe of the water pump extends out of the cloth box through the dirt absorption window during dirt absorption and is connected with a collecting bag in the plastic box with holes, and the water outlet pipe is drawn back from the dirt absorption window during oxygen increasing and moves to the position above the water level of the cloth box; the raft is an operation platform for bait casting, dirt suction, oxygenation and water change;
(2) Water inlet temperature raising: in late autumn and early spring, after the apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is placed in place, the water inlet valves of the upper water inlet pipe and the lower water inlet pipe are opened, the pond seawater firstly enters the bottom of the cloth box and slowly flows into the whole cloth box, and when the water levels inside and outside the cloth box are consistent, the water inlet valves are closed; after 2-4 days of sun irradiation, the light-transmitting and heat-insulating properties of the plastic film are utilized to ensure that the water temperature of the cloth box is raised to a degree suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus, and then the stichopus japonicus is ready to be released;
(3) Putting the stichopus japonicus: collecting and catching stichopus japonicus from a stichopus japonicus pond, and putting the stichopus japonicus into a cloth box, wherein the specification of stocking stichopus japonicus is 9-11 per 500 g, and the density of stocking stichopus japonicus is 29-31 per square meter;
(4) Feeding baits: in the stichopus japonicus culture process, stichopus japonicus granule baits are fed into the cloth box through the bait feeding holes to realize uniform throwing, the baits are fed for 1-2 times every day, and the bait feeding amount and the bait feeding times are increased and decreased according to the pond water temperature and the residual bait condition; after the stichopus japonicus which is awake in winter is put into the box, feeding is started when the water temperature of the cloth box is 8-10 ℃, and the bait feeding amount is increased along with the increase of the water temperature; reducing the bait feeding amount when more residual bait is found;
(5) Sewage suction and water change: the sewage suction of the apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is completed by a water pump; the apostichopus japonicus manure and residual baits on the bottom of the box can slowly deposit and flow into the lowest side of the bottom of the box along with the floating and slight shaking of the cloth box, and a water pump is lifted slightly away from the bottom surface by a floating ball at a good dirt absorption position to discharge the manure and residual baits generated by cultivating the apostichopus japonicus into a collecting bag outside the box; the flow velocity of deposited dirt can be accelerated in the dirt suction process, so that the dirt is easier to gather, and the purposes of strong pertinence, convenience, rapidness and good effect of dirt suction are achieved; water changing and sewage sucking are carried out once a day, the water changing and the sewage sucking are carried out simultaneously, and the sewage sucking and water discharging amount is equal to the water changing amount; when water enters, a water inlet valve of the upper water inlet pipe is opened, water with higher temperature on the surface layer of the pond is sucked into the cloth box through siphoning, so that the influence of water changing on the temperature of the water in the box is reduced, and the water inlet valve is closed when the siphoning is not moved; starting a water pump to move and suck the sewage while feeding water, determining to suck the sewage for several times according to the condition that the sewage discharged from the cloth box flows into a collecting bag, and closing the water pump after the sewage suction is finished; the water environment of the stichopus japonicus in life is improved by dirt absorption and water change;
(6) Heat preservation and oxygenation: the temperature is lower at night in the late autumn and early spring, the heat preservation quilt is covered outside the plastic film at night every day, and the sun is removed in the next day, so that the heat of the cloth box is protected from loss; detecting the content of water dissolved oxygen in the cloth box, and determining the oxygenation times and duration of the water pump according to the content; when the oxygen is needed to be increased, the water pump is started, the water discharged from the water outlet pipe of the water pump flows down from the upper part of the water surface to increase the oxygen, and the heat cannot be lost outside the box; the box plate has the function of heat preservation, and the temperature of water in the box is protected from being reduced;
(7) Shading and reducing temperature: when the temperature of the water in the cloth box rises to above 15 ℃, the shed roof is covered by a heat preservation quilt in the daytime to shield the sun; removing the heat preservation quilt at night, opening the bait feeding hole and the dirt suction window, radiating heat by the cloth box, and preventing the water temperature from rising too fast, thereby ensuring that the water temperature is suitable for the stichopus japonicus to grow for a long time;
(8) Harvesting and marketing: when the stichopus japonicus bred in the cloth box is not eaten, the water temperature of the cloth box is not suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus, the plastic shed is removed, and the stichopus japonicus is harvested and sold on the market after the breeding is finished.
The above technical solution can be further optimized as follows:
the box board cloth in the step (1) adopts canvas, rain cloth or thick plastic cloth.
And (2) adopting a foam board as a heat-insulation interlayer of the box board in the step (1).
The cloth box in the step (1) is 6 meters long and 3 meters wide, and the water inlet level is 0.8 meter.
The bottom surface of the cloth box in the step (1) is an inclined surface, and the water pump is arranged on one side of the lower part of the inclined surface.
And (2) a hard plate or a hard frame is arranged on the outer side of the bottom surface of the cloth box in the step (1) to support so as to prevent the bottom surface from being pressed, bent and deformed to influence dirt suction.
And (2) the collection bag in the step (1) adopts a bolting silk collection bag.
The dirt collected by the collection bag in the step (5) is subjected to insolation oxidation treatment and is used for fertilizing water in the pond; the sewage suction is carried out in the rainy days to avoid that the sewage suction brings fresh water into the cloth box in the rainy days.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a device for cultivating the stichopus japonicus in the pond of late autumn and early spring, which is matched with the method for cultivating the stichopus japonicus in the pond of late autumn and early spring, and comprises a raft, a cloth box and a plastic shed; the cloth box is a rectangular box body surrounded by box plates, the box plates are composed of inner and outer cloth and a heat insulation interlayer in the middle, and vacuum clamping is adopted; the plastic shed comprises an arched shed frame, a plastic film covered by the arched shed frame and a heat preservation quilt; the lower part of the raft is connected with a cloth box pressing plate, the upper part of the raft is connected with the bottom edge of the arched shed frame and fixed into a whole by screws respectively, so that the device integrally floats on the pond and is bound by ropes tied by wood piles, and the water level lines inside and outside the cloth box are positioned on the same horizontal plane; both sides of the lower part of the arched shed frame are respectively provided with a bait feeding hole and a sewage suction window; an upper water inlet pipe and a lower water inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the cloth box, and a water pump hung by a floating ball is arranged in the cloth box; the water outlet pipe of the water pump extends out of the cloth box through the dirt absorbing window during dirt absorption and is connected with the collecting bag in the plastic box with the hole, and the water outlet pipe of the water pump is drawn back from the dirt absorbing window during oxygen increasing and moves to the position above the water level of the cloth box; the raft is an operation platform for bait casting, dirt suction, oxygen increasing and water changing.
The raft plates and the arched shed frame are made of stainless steel or PE materials; the periphery of the arched shed frame is provided with a safety guardrail formed by assembling PE pipes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly has the following remarkable advantages:
1. make up the deficiency of the natural production capacity of the pond and create a new mode for culturing the stichopus japonicus in the pond. By shunting the stichopus japonicus in the pond, the win-win integration of the stichopus japonicus cultivated in the pond and the stichopus japonicus cultivated in the box is realized, and the transformation and the upgrade of the stichopus japonicus cultivated in the pond are promoted. The parallel operation of natural pond growth and artificial feeding is realized, the productivity of the pond is reasonably utilized, and the three-dimensional space of the pond is fully utilized; the pond is arranged in the pond, so that the stichopus japonicus pond and pond culture is realized, and the highest quality and the maximum benefit of stichopus japonicus cultured in the whole pond are realized.
2. Avoids the problems of waste, pollution, troublesome operation and the like of pond stichopus japonicus feeding, and creates a novel method for cultivating stichopus japonicus with economy, environmental protection and simple and convenient operation. Compared with the phenomenon that bait leaks from the net cage when the stichopus japonicus is cultured in the net cage and cannot be found by the stichopus japonicus when the stichopus japonicus is cultured in the pond, the bait feeding, the accurate regulation and control and the accurate culture are realized when the stichopus japonicus is cultured in the cloth box, the utilization rate of the bait is improved, the water environment is protected, and the feeding operation is very simple, convenient and labor-saving.
3. Overcomes the defect of short growth time of the stichopus japonicus in the pond, and obviously prolongs the growth period of the stichopus japonicus through delayed growth at the end of autumn and early growth in spring. The stichopus japonicus is cultivated in a cloth box at the end of autumn, and bait is fed to promote the growth of the stichopus japonicus, so that the hibernation of the stichopus japonicus is delayed; when the stichopus japonicus is not ingested, the stichopus japonicus is harvested and sold on the market. In the early spring, a cloth box is utilized to culture the stichopus japonicus, the stichopus japonicus wakes up in hibernation, and is grabbed into the cloth box, so that the stichopus japonicus enters the optimal growth period in advance, bait is fed to promote the growth of the stichopus japonicus, and the stichopus japonicus is shaded and cooled by heat preservation in due time, so that the summer sleeping process of the stichopus japonicus is delayed; when the stichopus japonicus is not ingested, the stichopus japonicus is harvested and sold on the market.
4. Improves the growth speed and the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus. On one hand, a part of large-size stichopus japonicus is separated from the pond and cultured by using a cloth box, the water temperature suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus is created, artificial baits are accurately fed to ensure that the stichopus japonicus grows rapidly, and after a period of culture, the stichopus japonicus reaches the commodity specification and is harvested and sold on the market. On the other hand, the large-size stichopus japonicus in the rest part of the pond is relatively sufficient in bait due to the reduction of the quantity, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus is obviously improved, and the phenomenon that the stichopus japonicus dies because the stichopus japonicus is forced to be far away from the stichopus japonicus reef due to insufficient bait and cannot climb into the sediment for finding the bait after the stichopus japonicus is prevented; meanwhile, the stichopus japonicus is eaten well, the growth of the stichopus japonicus is accelerated, and the stichopus japonicus comes into the market before hibernation or summer sleep, so that the pond culture period of the stichopus japonicus is shortened.
5. Clean sewage absorption and less drainage. The cloth box dirt is shaken and gathered by the cloth box, the height of the water pump is locked by the floating ball and slightly departs from the bottom surface of the cloth box, and the dirt is absorbed by moving in water. The cloth box is always shaken to lead the sewage to be gathered at the lowest part of the box bottom, thus leading the sewage suction to be more thorough and easier, and leading the water consumption to be less, and reducing the breeding cost.
6. The stichopus japonicus is cultured in the cloth box, and water is taken from the stichopus japonicus culture pond, so that water resources are saved.
7. Accurately breeding large-specification stichopus japonicus, and realizing three clear conditions: the number is clear, the eating is not good and clear, and the eating is not sick and clear.
8. The water pump is used for increasing oxygen in the cloth box, so that the water temperature is effectively prevented from being reduced due to the entering of cold air.
9. Collecting the culture dirt in a cloth box, filtering the discharged water by a bolting silk collecting bag, and directly flowing the filtrate into a ginseng culture pond; after being exposed and oxidized, the sewage is used for fertilizing water in the pond and promoting ecological utilization of the pond.
10. It is not afraid of rain. The plastic shed roof is provided, the sealing is good, and the cultivation is not influenced by heavy rain.
11. The apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is low in manufacturing cost, safe and environment-friendly, and has an outstanding water temperature adjusting effect. The box distribution cultivation device arranged on the pond replaces reefs with box plates, and the box distribution is used for heating, heat preservation and heat insulation; the plastic shed is used for lighting, heating, shading and cooling. By adjusting the temperature of the stichopus japonicus culture water, the growth time of the stichopus japonicus is prolonged, and the yield and income are increased.
12. The method is reasonable, accurate and efficient. Completely isolating some pond water of a stichopus japonicus cultivating pond in the pond by using a cloth box, wherein the water is used for cultivating large-size stichopus japonicus; the plastic shed above the cloth box is used for lighting and warming, the water extraction temperature rising degree isolated in the cloth box is increased, and the cloth box has a heat preservation function due to the foam in the interlayer of the cloth box, so that the heat of the water in the cloth box is isolated from being transferred to the pond, and the water temperature of the stichopus japonicus culture water in the culture cloth box is higher than the water temperature of the pond; the stichopus japonicus in the later period of cultivation is cultivated in a cloth box, so that the stichopus japonicus is in a water environment suitable for growth, the temperature is raised, feeding, dirt suction, oxygenation, water change and accurate management are carried out every day, the stability of the water environment for cultivating the stichopus japonicus and the bait requirement for growth are ensured, and the rapid and healthy growth of the stichopus japonicus in the cloth box is ensured; when the stichopus japonicus grows to have hibernation or a pre-sleep symptom (no food intake), the stichopus japonicus is completely captured and listed on the market, and the stichopus japonicus culture is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural layout of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic plane view of connection between the raft and the cloth box;
in the figure: 1-bait feeding hole, 2-plastic shed, 3-arched shed frame, 4-plastic film, 5-heat preservation quilt, 6-sewage suction window, 7-water pump water outlet pipe, 8-collection bag, 9-plastic box with holes, 10-raft, 11-rope, 12-water line, 13-timber pile, 14-pond gate, 15-box plate, 16-water pump, 17-floating ball, 18-cloth box, 19-pond, 20-lower water inlet pipe, 21-water inlet valve, 22-upper water inlet pipe, 23-cloth box pressing plate and 24-screw.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
See fig. 1 and 2. The pond box distribution cultivation method of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring comprises the following steps:
(1) Manufacturing a cloth box cultivation device for stichopus japonicus: the device comprises a raft plate 10, a cloth box 18 and a plastic shed 2; the cloth box 18 is a rectangular box body enclosed by box plates 15, the box plates 15 are composed of inner and outer cloth and a heat preservation interlayer in the middle, and vacuum clamping is adopted; the plastic shed 2 comprises an arched shed frame 3, a plastic film 4 covered by the arched shed frame and a heat preservation quilt 5; the lower part of the raft plate 10 is connected with a cloth box pressing plate 23, the upper part is connected with the bottom edge of the arched shed frame 3 and respectively fixed into a whole by screws 24, so that the device integrally floats on the pond 19 and is tied up by ropes 11 tied by wood piles 13, and the water lines 12 inside and outside the cloth box 18 are positioned on the same horizontal plane; both sides of the lower part of the arched shed frame 3 are respectively provided with a bait feeding hole 1 and a sewage suction window 6; an upper water inlet pipe 21 and a lower water inlet pipe 20 are arranged on one side of the cloth box 18, and a water pump 16 hung by a floating ball 17 is arranged inside the cloth box 18; a water outlet pipe 7 of the water pump extends out of the cloth box through a dirt absorbing window 6 during dirt absorption and is connected with a collecting bag 8 in a plastic box 9 with holes, and the water outlet pipe is drawn back from the dirt absorbing window 6 and moves to a position above the water level of the cloth box 18 during oxygen increasing; the raft 10 is an operation platform for bait casting, dirt suction, oxygen increasing and water changing;
(2) Water inlet temperature raising: in late autumn and early spring, after the apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is placed in place, the water inlet valves 21 of the upper water inlet pipe 21 and the lower water inlet pipe 20 are opened, seawater in the pond 19 firstly enters the bottom of the cloth box 18 and slowly flows into the whole cloth box 18, and when the water levels in the cloth box 18 are consistent, the water inlet valves 21 are closed; after 2-4 days of sun irradiation, the light-transmitting and heat-insulating properties of the plastic film 4 are utilized to ensure that the water temperature of the cloth box 18 is raised to a degree suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus, and then the stichopus japonicus is prepared to be put in;
(3) Putting the stichopus japonicus: collecting and catching stichopus japonicus from a stichopus japonicus pond 19, putting the stichopus japonicus into a cloth box 18, wherein the specification of stocking stichopus japonicus is 10 heads per 500 g, and the density of stocking stichopus japonicus is 30 per square meter;
(4) Feeding baits: in the stichopus japonicus culture process, stichopus japonicus granule baits are fed into the cloth box 18 through the bait feeding holes 1 to realize uniform throwing, the baits are fed for 1 time every day, and the bait feeding amount and the bait feeding times are increased and decreased according to the pond water temperature and the residual bait condition; after the stichopus japonicus which is awake in hibernation enters the box, feeding is started when the water temperature of the cloth box 18 is 9 ℃, and the bait feeding amount is increased along with the rise of the water temperature; when more residual bait is found, the bait feeding amount is reduced;
(5) Sewage suction and water change: the sewage suction of the apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is completed by a water pump 16; the apostichopus japonicus feces and residual baits on the bottom of the box can slowly deposit and flow into the lowest side of the bottom of the box along with the floating and slight shaking of the cloth box 18, and the water pump 16 is lifted slightly away from the bottom surface by the floating ball 17 to discharge the feces and residual baits generated by the apostichopus japonicus culture into the collection bag 8 outside the box; the flow velocity of deposited dirt can be accelerated in the dirt suction process, so that the dirt is easier to gather, and the purposes of strong pertinence, convenience, rapidness and good effect of dirt suction are achieved; changing water and sucking dirt once every day, wherein the water and the dirt are simultaneously sucked, and the dirt sucking and draining amount is equal to the water changing amount; when water enters, a water inlet valve 21 of an upper water inlet pipe 21 is opened, water with higher temperature on the surface layer of the pond 19 is sucked into the cloth box 18 through siphoning, so that the influence of water changing on the water temperature in the box is reduced, and when siphoning is not moved, the water inlet valve 21 is closed; starting the water pump 16 to move and suck the sewage while feeding water, determining to suck the sewage for a plurality of times according to the condition that the sewage discharged from the cloth box 18 flows into the collecting bag 8, and closing the water pump 16 after the sewage suction is finished; the water environment of the stichopus japonicus in life is improved by dirt absorption and water change;
(6) Heat preservation and oxygenation: the temperature is lower at night in late autumn and early spring, the heat preservation quilt 5 is covered outside the plastic film 4 at night every day, and the sun is removed in the next day to protect the heat of the cloth box 18 from loss; detecting the content of water dissolved oxygen in the cloth box 18, and determining the oxygenation times and duration of the water pump 16 according to the content; when oxygen aeration is needed, the water pump 16 is started, water discharged from the water outlet pipe 7 of the water pump flows down from the upper part of the water surface to realize oxygen aeration, and heat cannot be lost outside the box; the box plate 15 has the function of heat preservation, and the temperature of water in the box is protected from being reduced;
(7) Shading and reducing temperature: when the water temperature of the cloth box 18 rises to above 15 ℃, the heat preservation quilt 5 is used for covering the shed roof in the daytime to shield the sun; the heat preservation quilt 5 is removed at night, the bait feeding hole 1 and the dirt suction window 6 are opened, the cloth box 18 dissipates heat, the water temperature is prevented from rising too fast, and therefore the water temperature is suitable for the long-time growth of the stichopus japonicus;
(8) Harvesting and marketing: when the stichopus japonicus cultured in the cloth box 18 is not eaten, the water temperature of the cloth box 18 is not suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus, the plastic shed 2 is removed, and the stichopus japonicus is collected and sold on the market after the culture is finished.
Example 2
See fig. 1 and 2. The pond distribution box cultivation method of the stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring is basically the same as the technical scheme of the embodiment 1, and is different in that: the specification of the released stichopus japonicus is 9 per 500 g, and the density of the released stichopus japonicus is 29 per square meter; and (4) feeding the bait for 1 time every day, and starting feeding when the water temperature of the cloth box 18 is 8 ℃.
Example 3
See fig. 1 and 2. The pond distribution box culture method of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring is basically the same as the technical scheme of the embodiment 1, and is different in that: the specification of the released stichopus japonicus is 11 per 500 g, and the density of the released stichopus japonicus is 31 per square meter; and (4) feeding the bait for 2 times every day, and starting feeding when the water temperature of the cloth box is 18 ℃ and 10 ℃.
Example 4
See fig. 1 and 2. In the pond box distribution cultivation method of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment, canvas, rain cloth or thick plastic cloth is adopted for the cloth of the box plate 15 in the step (1); the heat-insulating interlayer of the box board 15 is made of foam boards.
Example 5
See fig. 1 and 2. In the pond distribution box cultivation method of apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment, the step (1) is that the length of a distribution box 18 is 6 meters, the width of the distribution box is 3 meters, and the water inlet level is 0.8 meter; the bottom surface of the cloth box 18 is an inclined surface, and the water pump 16 is arranged at one side of the lower part of the inclined surface; the outer side of the bottom surface of the cloth box 18 is provided with a hard plate or a hard frame for supporting so as to prevent the bottom surface from being pressed, bent and deformed to influence dirt absorption.
Example 6
See fig. 1 and 2. In the pond cloth box cultivation method of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, the collection bag 8 adopts a bolting silk collection bag on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment.
Example 7
See fig. 1 and 2. In the pond distribution box cultivation method of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment, the dirt collected by the collection bag 8 in the step (5) is subjected to insolation and oxidation treatment and is used for pond fertilizer water; the dirt pick-up is performed on a rainy day to avoid that the dirt pick-up carries fresh water into the cloth box 18 during rain.
Example 8
See fig. 1 and 2. The device for pond distribution and cultivation of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring is matched with the pond distribution and cultivation method of the apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring recorded in the embodiment 1, and comprises a raft 10, a distribution box 18 and a plastic shed 2; the cloth box 18 is a rectangular box body enclosed by box plates 15, the box plates 15 are composed of inner and outer cloth and a heat preservation interlayer in the middle, and vacuum clamping is adopted; the plastic shed 2 comprises an arched shed frame 3, a plastic film 4 covered by the arched shed frame and a heat preservation quilt 5; the lower part of the raft plate 10 is connected with a cloth box pressing plate 23, the upper part is connected with the bottom edge of the arched shed frame 3 and respectively fixed into a whole by screws 24, so that the device integrally floats on the pond 19 and is tied up by ropes 11 tied by wood piles 13, and the water lines 12 inside and outside the cloth box 18 are positioned on the same horizontal plane; both sides of the lower part of the arched shed frame 3 are respectively provided with a bait feeding hole 1 and a sewage suction window 6; an upper water inlet pipe 21 and a lower water inlet pipe 20 are arranged on one side of the cloth box 18, and a water pump 16 hung by a floating ball 17 is arranged inside the cloth box 18; a water outlet pipe 7 of the water pump extends out of the cloth box through a dirt absorbing window 6 during dirt absorption and is connected with a collecting bag 8 in a plastic box 9 with holes, and the water outlet pipe is drawn back from the dirt absorbing window 6 and moves to a position above the water level of the cloth box 18 during oxygen increasing; the raft 10 is an operation platform for bait throwing, dirt sucking, oxygen increasing and water changing.
Example 9
See fig. 1 and 2. In the pond box distribution culture device for apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring, on the basis of the technical scheme recorded in the embodiment 8, the raft and the arched shed frame are made of stainless steel or PE materials so as to take strength and corrosion resistance into consideration; the guardrail formed by assembling the PE pipes is arranged around the arched shed frame, so that the novel greenhouse is safe, environment-friendly, convenient to assemble and low in cost.
Claims (10)
1. The pond box distribution cultivation method of stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Manufacturing a cloth box cultivation device for stichopus japonicus: the device comprises a raft, a cloth box and a plastic shed; the cloth box is a rectangular box body surrounded by box plates, the box plates are composed of inner and outer cloth and a heat insulation interlayer in the middle, and vacuum clamping is adopted; the plastic shed comprises an arched shed frame, a plastic film covered by the arched shed frame and a heat preservation quilt; the lower part of the raft is connected with a cloth box pressing plate, the upper part of the raft is connected with the bottom edge of the arched shed frame and fixed into a whole by screws respectively, so that the device integrally floats on the pond and is bound by ropes tied by wood piles, and the water lines inside and outside the cloth box are positioned on the same horizontal plane; both sides of the lower part of the arched shed frame are respectively provided with a bait feeding hole and a sewage suction window; an upper water inlet pipe and a lower water inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the cloth box, and a water pump hung by a floating ball is arranged in the cloth box; a water outlet pipe of the water pump extends out of the cloth box through the dirt absorption window during dirt absorption and is connected with a collecting bag in the plastic box with holes, and the water outlet pipe is drawn back from the dirt absorption window during oxygen increasing and moves to the position above the water level of the cloth box; the raft plate is an operation platform for bait casting, dirt suction, oxygenation and water change;
(2) Water inlet temperature raising: in late autumn and early spring, after the apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is placed in place, the water inlet valves of the upper water inlet pipe and the lower water inlet pipe are opened, the pond seawater firstly enters the bottom of the cloth box and slowly flows into the whole cloth box, and when the water levels inside and outside the cloth box are consistent, the water inlet valves are closed; after 2-4 days of sun irradiation, the light-transmitting and heat-insulating properties of the plastic film are utilized to ensure that the water temperature of the cloth box is raised to a degree suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus, and then the stichopus japonicus is prepared to be put in;
(3) Putting the stichopus japonicus: collecting and catching stichopus japonicus from a stichopus japonicus pond, putting the stichopus japonicus into a cloth box, wherein the specification of stocking stichopus japonicus is 9-11 heads per 500 g, and the density of the stocking stichopus japonicus is 29-31 per square meter;
(4) Feeding baits: in the stichopus japonicus culture process, stichopus japonicus granule baits are fed into the cloth box through the bait feeding holes to realize uniform throwing, the baits are fed for 1-2 times every day, and the bait feeding amount and the bait feeding times are increased and decreased according to the pond water temperature and the residual bait condition; after the stichopus japonicus which is awake in winter is put into the box, feeding is started when the water temperature of the cloth box is 8-10 ℃, and the bait feeding amount is increased along with the increase of the water temperature; reducing the bait feeding amount when more residual bait is found;
(5) Sewage suction and water change: the sewage suction of the apostichopus japonicus cloth box culture device is completed by a water pump; the apostichopus japonicus manure and residual baits on the bottom of the box can slowly deposit and flow into the lowest side of the bottom of the box along with the floating and slight shaking of the cloth box, and a water pump is lifted slightly away from the bottom surface by a floating ball at a good dirt absorption position to discharge the manure and residual baits generated by cultivating the apostichopus japonicus into a collecting bag outside the box; the flow velocity of deposited dirt can be accelerated in the dirt suction process, so that the dirt is easier to gather, and the purposes of strong pertinence, convenience, rapidness and good effect of dirt suction are achieved; changing water and sucking dirt once every day, wherein the water and the dirt are simultaneously sucked, and the dirt sucking and draining amount is equal to the water changing amount; when water enters, a water inlet valve of the upper water inlet pipe is opened, water with higher temperature on the surface layer of the pond is sucked into the cloth box through siphoning, so that the influence of water changing on the temperature of the water in the box is reduced, and the water inlet valve is closed when the siphoning is not moved; starting a water pump to move and suck the sewage while feeding water, determining to suck the sewage for several times according to the condition that the sewage discharged from the cloth box flows into a collecting bag, and closing the water pump after the sewage suction is finished; the water environment of the stichopus japonicus in life is improved by dirt absorption and water change;
(6) Heat preservation and oxygenation: the temperature is lower at night in the late autumn and early spring, the heat preservation quilt is covered outside the plastic film at night every day, and the sun is removed in the next day, so that the heat of the cloth box is protected from loss; detecting the content of water dissolved oxygen in the cloth box, and determining the oxygenation times and duration of the water pump according to the content; when oxygen is required to be added, the water pump is started, the water discharged from the water outlet pipe of the water pump flows down from the upper part of the water surface to add oxygen, and the heat cannot be lost outside the box; the box plate has the function of heat preservation, and the temperature of water in the box is protected from being reduced;
(7) Shading and reducing temperature: when the temperature of the water in the cloth box rises to above 15 ℃, the shed roof is covered by a heat preservation quilt in the daytime to shield the sun; removing the heat preservation quilt at night, opening the bait feeding hole and the dirt suction window, radiating heat by the cloth box, and preventing the water temperature from rising too fast, thereby ensuring that the water temperature is suitable for the stichopus japonicus to grow for a long time;
(8) Harvesting and marketing: when the stichopus japonicus bred in the cloth box is not eaten, the water temperature of the cloth box is not suitable for the growth of the stichopus japonicus, the plastic shed is removed, and the stichopus japonicus is harvested and sold on the market after the breeding is finished.
2. The pond cloth box culture method of apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein the cloth of the box plate in the step (1) is canvas, rain cloth or thick plastic cloth.
3. The pond distribution box cultivation method for apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation interlayer of the box plate in the step (1) is a foam plate.
4. The pond cloth box cultivation method of apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein the cloth box in step (1) is 6 meters long and 3 meters wide, and the water inlet level is 0.8 meter.
5. The pond cloth box cultivation method of apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein the bottom surface of the cloth box in the step (1) is an inclined surface, and the water pump is arranged on one side of the lower part of the inclined surface.
6. The pond cloth box culture method for stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein a hard plate or a hard frame is arranged on the outer side of the bottom surface of the cloth box in the step (1) for supporting so as to prevent the bottom surface from being pressed, bent and deformed to influence dirt absorption.
7. The pond cloth box culture method of apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein the collection bag of step (1) is a silk collection bag.
8. The pond cloth box culture method of apostichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 1, wherein the dirt collected by the collection bag in the step (5) is subjected to insolation and oxidation treatment for pond eutrophication; the dirt suction is carried out in the rainy day to avoid that the dirt suction brings fresh water into the cloth box when raining.
9. The device for cultivating the stichopus japonicus in the pond in the late autumn and the early spring is matched with the method for cultivating the stichopus japonicus in the pond in the late autumn and the early spring according to claim 1, and comprises a raft, a cloth box and a plastic shed; the cloth box is a rectangular box body surrounded by box plates, the box plates are composed of inner and outer cloth and a heat insulation interlayer in the middle, and vacuum clamping is adopted; the plastic shed comprises an arched shed frame, a plastic film covered by the arched shed frame and a heat preservation quilt; the lower part of the raft is connected with a cloth box pressing plate, the upper part of the raft is connected with the bottom edge of the arched shed frame and fixed into a whole by screws respectively, so that the device integrally floats on the pond and is bound by ropes tied by wood piles, and the water lines inside and outside the cloth box are positioned on the same horizontal plane; both sides of the lower part of the arched shed frame are respectively provided with a bait feeding hole and a sewage suction window; an upper water inlet pipe and a lower water inlet pipe are arranged on one side of the cloth box, and a water pump hung by a floating ball is arranged in the cloth box; the water outlet pipe of the water pump extends out of the cloth box through the dirt absorbing window during dirt absorption and is connected with the collecting bag in the plastic box with the hole, and the water outlet pipe of the water pump is drawn back from the dirt absorbing window during oxygen increasing and moves to the position above the water level of the cloth box; the raft is an operation platform for bait casting, dirt suction, oxygen increasing and water changing.
10. The pond distribution box cultivation device for stichopus japonicus in late autumn and early spring according to claim 9, wherein the raft plates and the arched shed frames are made of stainless steel or PE materials; the periphery of the arched shed frame is provided with a safety guardrail formed by assembling PE pipes.
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