CN112356437A - Three-dimensional printer with three primary colors - Google Patents

Three-dimensional printer with three primary colors Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112356437A
CN112356437A CN201910737055.3A CN201910737055A CN112356437A CN 112356437 A CN112356437 A CN 112356437A CN 201910737055 A CN201910737055 A CN 201910737055A CN 112356437 A CN112356437 A CN 112356437A
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China
Prior art keywords
printing
material extrusion
screw rod
cavity
unit
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CN201910737055.3A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112356437B (en
Inventor
潘江如
鲁亚云
何龙
黄勇
黄艳
张佳
张�成
付泓波
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Xinjiang Institute of Engineering
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Xinjiang Institute of Engineering
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Priority claimed from CN201910737055.3A external-priority patent/CN112356437B/en
Publication of CN112356437A publication Critical patent/CN112356437A/en
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Publication of CN112356437B publication Critical patent/CN112356437B/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B29C64/209—Heads; Nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/232—Driving means for motion along the axis orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227—Driving means
    • B29C64/236—Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B29C64/336—Feeding of two or more materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a three-dimensional printer with three primary colors, which can print all known products with single color tone in the nature and can also print a multi-color product, and comprises a machine body support, a material extrusion unit, a three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and a printing tray, wherein the material extrusion unit, the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and the printing tray are arranged on the machine body support; the method is characterized in that: the printing tray is positioned on a first transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and can horizontally move in the X-axis direction; the material extrusion unit is positioned on a second transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and can move in two directions of the Y, Z axis; the material extrusion unit comprises a material extrusion head capable of melting and extruding printing wires and three printing wire feeding mechanisms positioned in the inlet end direction of the material extrusion head, and the three printing wire feeding mechanisms respectively feed the printing wires with three colors into the material extrusion head for melting.

Description

Three-dimensional printer with three primary colors
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional printers, in particular to a three-dimensional printer with three primary colors.
Background
The 3D printing technology integrates the leading-edge technical knowledge of the digital modeling technology, the electromechanical control technology, the information technology and the like, has extremely high technological content, and is widely applied to the aspects of industrial manufacturing, cultural entertainment, aviation national defense, biomedical treatment, building engineering and the like at present. The 3D printer associated with the 3D printing technology is a machine of a rapid prototyping technology based on a digital model file, and at the present stage, the 3D printer is generally used for manufacturing a mold product, and the 3D printer which is most widely applied in the market at present is manufactured according to a deposition molding principle, and a three-dimensional product is manufactured by printing a layer-by-layer adhesive material.
The carbon fiber is a special fiber composed of carbon elements, has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, friction resistance, electric conduction, heat conduction, corrosion resistance and the like, is fibrous and soft in appearance, can be processed into various fabrics, and has high strength and modulus along the fiber axis direction due to the preferred orientation of the graphite microcrystal structure along the fiber axis. The carbon fiber has many excellent properties, high axial strength and modulus, low density, high specific performance, no creep deformation, ultrahigh temperature resistance in a non-oxidation environment, good fatigue resistance, good electric and heat conductivity, specific heat and electric conductivity between nonmetal and metal, small thermal expansion coefficient, anisotropy, good corrosion resistance and good X-ray permeability.
However, according to our investigation, the printed product of the 3D printer manufactured by using the forming principle generally has the problems of single color and low hardness, and cannot meet the demands of the market nowadays.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adapt to the practical requirements and provide a three-dimensional printer with three primary colors, which can print all known products with single color tone in the nature and can also print a plurality of colors of a product.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
designing a three-dimensional printer with three primary colors, which comprises a machine body support, a material extrusion unit, a three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and a printing tray, wherein the material extrusion unit, the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and the printing tray are arranged on the machine body support; the method is characterized in that: the printing tray is positioned on a first transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and can horizontally move in the X-axis direction; the material extrusion unit is positioned on a second transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and can move in two directions of the Y, Z axis;
the material extrusion unit comprises a material extrusion head capable of melting and extruding printing wires and three printing wire feeding mechanisms positioned in the inlet end direction of the material extrusion head, and the three printing wire feeding mechanisms respectively feed the printing wires with three colors into the material extrusion head for melting.
The three printing wire feeding mechanisms have the same structure, and comprise a fixed plate, a first hydraulic cylinder and a movable plate, wherein the fixed plate is fixedly arranged on the second transmission mechanism and can move along with the second transmission mechanism;
the printing wire feeding mechanism further comprises a clamping hand arranged on the movable plate, the clamping hand comprises two connecting rods hinged in an X shape, two stress rods in a splayed structure are arranged at the front ends of the two connecting rods and are respectively connected to the front ends of the two connecting rods, a clamping plate is respectively fixed on the end parts of the two stress rods, and after the two connecting rods rotate around the hinged shaft and enable the two clamping plates to move oppositely, the two clamping plates can clamp the printing wire positioned between the two clamping plates;
when the two clamping plates clamp the printing wire, the movable plate moves towards the direction of the material extrusion head and sends the printing wire into the material extrusion head;
the link is moved by a driving unit.
The driving unit comprises a push rod in a Y-shaped structure, two end parts of the front end of the push rod are respectively hinged with the tail ends of the two connecting rods, the tail end of the push rod is connected with a telescopic rod of a pushing hydraulic cylinder, and the pushing hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the movable plate.
A spring is arranged between the two connecting rods, and the spring connects the two connecting rods and applies reverse elastic force to the lower ends of the two connecting rods and enables the two clamping plates to clamp oppositely.
The first transmission mechanism comprises a first screw rod and a first sleeve matched with the first screw rod and in threaded connection with the first screw rod, the first sleeve is fixed on the printing tray, two ends of the first screw rod are respectively installed on a bottom plate of the machine body support through bearings and arranged along the X-axis direction, the first screw rod is connected with a first driving motor and driven to rotate by the first driving motor, and the first driving motor is fixedly installed on the bottom plate of the machine body support;
two sliding grooves are formed in a bottom plate of the machine body support and are respectively located on the left side and the right side of the first screw rod, sliding bodies matched with the two sliding grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the printing tray, the two sliding bodies are respectively located in the two sliding grooves, and the lower end face of each sliding body is in contact with the bottom face in each sliding groove.
The second transmission mechanism comprises a Z-axis moving unit and a Y-axis moving unit, the Z-axis moving unit comprises a supporting transverse plate, the material extrusion unit is installed on the supporting transverse plate, two longitudinal beams on two sides of the machine body support are respectively provided with a second screw rod which is longitudinally arranged, the second screw rod is in matched threaded connection with a second sleeve, and two end parts of the supporting transverse plate are respectively connected with the second sleeves on the two second screw rods; the end parts of the two second screw rods are respectively connected with power output shafts of the two second driving motors and driven by the second driving motors to rotate;
the Y-axis moving unit comprises a third screw rod which is parallel to the supporting transverse plate and is arranged on the supporting transverse plate through a bearing, and a third sleeve which is matched with the third screw rod and is in threaded connection with the third screw rod, the third sleeve is fixed on the back side of the fixing plate, the third screw rod is connected with a third driving motor and is driven by the third driving motor to rotate, and the third driving motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the supporting transverse plate;
two guide grooves are formed in the side wall of the supporting transverse plate and are respectively located on the upper side and the lower side of the third screw rod, guide bodies matched with the two guide grooves are arranged on the back side of the fixing plate, and the two guide bodies are respectively located in the two guide grooves.
The end part of the guide body is provided with a ball body, the diameter of the ball body is larger than the width of the guide body, the bottom in the guide groove is provided with a spherical groove matched with the ball body, the spherical groove is communicated with the guide groove, and the ball body is positioned in the spherical groove.
The material extrusion head comprises a cavity, a mixing cavity is arranged in the cavity, a mixing waiting spraying cavity is arranged below the mixing cavity, the mixing cavity is communicated with the mixing waiting spraying cavity, a spray head is connected to the cavity below the mixing cavity, an inlet of the spray head is communicated with an outlet at the lower end of the mixing waiting spraying cavity, and a heating coil is arranged on the inner wall of the mixing cavity in a surrounding mode; the printing wires pushed by the three printing wire feeding mechanisms enter from an inlet at the top of the mixing cavity.
And a cooling fan is arranged on the side part of the cavity and blows air below the spray head.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the design takes the principle of three primary colors as a theoretical basis, and designs a product which can print all known single tones in the nature and can print one object with multiple colors, namely, the color printing is realized. Meanwhile, the carbon fiber printing filament is used, so that the temperature in the mixing and dissolving weather-spraying cavity can be further improved, the melting and mixing efficiency of the three-primary-color filament is promoted, and the physicochemical property of the mixing and dissolving filament in the weather-spraying cavity can be changed when the carbon fiber is mixed and dissolved with the three-primary-color filament in the mixing and dissolving weather-spraying cavity as the printing filament, so that the hardness of a printed product is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present design;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first transmission mechanism of the present design;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the components in the Y-axis moving direction in the second transmission mechanism of the present design;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the components in the Z-axis movement direction in the second transmission mechanism of the present design;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of each main structure of the material extrusion unit 2 in the present design in a front view state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the material extrusion head of the present design;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the main structure of the printing wire feeding mechanism in the present design;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the gripper in the printing wire feeder of the present design;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the configuration of the gripper in the printing wire feeder of the present design when open;
fig. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the clamp plate and the pressure sensors thereon in the present design.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
example 1: a three-dimensional printer of three primary colors, see fig. 1 to 10.
The three-dimensional printer with three primary colors comprises a machine body support 1, a material extrusion unit 2 arranged on the machine body support 1, a three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and a printing tray 5; the printing tray 5 is positioned on a first transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate axis transmission unit and can horizontally move in the X-axis direction; the material extrusion unit 2 is positioned on a second transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate axis transmission unit and can move in two directions of Y, Z axes.
In the design, the material extrusion unit 2 includes a material extrusion head capable of melting and extruding the printing wires 01, 02, and 03 (in the figure, 01, 02, and 03 represent printing wires of three different colors), and three printing wire feeding mechanisms 9 located in the inlet end direction of the material extrusion head, where the three printing wire feeding mechanisms 9 respectively feed the printing wires 01, 02, and 03 of three colors into the material extrusion head for melting, and then the material extrusion head extrudes the printing wires to realize the purpose of printing.
Specifically, the three printing wire feeders 9 have the same structure, specifically, the printing wire feeder includes a fixed plate 23, a first hydraulic cylinder 902, and a movable plate 901, the fixed plate 23 is fixedly mounted on the second transmission mechanism and can move along with the second transmission mechanism in two directions of an axis Y, Z, the first hydraulic cylinder 902 is fixed on the fixed plate 23, and the movable plate 901 is fixed on an end portion of an expansion link 903 of the first hydraulic cylinder 902 and can reciprocate back and forth along with the expansion link 903 of the first hydraulic cylinder.
The printing wire feeding mechanism further comprises a clamping hand which is arranged on the movable plate 901, the clamping hand comprises two connecting rods 909 which are hinged in an X shape, the front ends 910 of the two connecting rods are provided with two stress rods 911 which are in an splayed structure, the two stress rods 911 are respectively connected to the front ends 910 of the two connecting rods, the end parts of the two stress rods 911 are respectively fixed with a clamping plate 912, and after the two connecting rods 909 rotate around a hinged shaft I and drive the two clamping plates 912 to move oppositely, the two clamping plates 912 can clamp the printing wire 01 which is positioned between the two connecting rods; then, after the two clamping plates 912 clamp the printing wire 01, the movable plate 901 moves towards the material extrusion head and sends the printing wire into the material extrusion head, and the printing wire is sent into the material extrusion head in this way.
In order to realize the above-mentioned rotation of the connecting rod around the hinge axis I, i.e. the point a, the connecting rod 909 of the present design is moved by the driving unit, specifically,
the driving unit comprises a push rod 906 which is of a Y-shaped structure, two end parts 907 at the front end of the push rod are respectively hinged with tail ends 908 of two connecting rods, the tail end of the push rod 906 is connected with a telescopic rod 905 of a pushing hydraulic cylinder, the pushing hydraulic cylinder is fixedly installed on the movable plate, when the telescopic rod 905 of the pushing hydraulic cylinder is pushed forwards, the tail ends of the two connecting rods move in opposite directions, an included angle between the two connecting rods is increased, at the moment, two clamping plates at the front end of the connecting rod move in opposite directions to achieve the purpose of clamping, and on the contrary, when the telescopic rod 905 of the pushing hydraulic cylinder is pushed backwards, the two clamping.
Further, in the present embodiment, a spring T is disposed between the two connecting rods 909, and the spring T connects the two connecting rods and applies opposite elastic forces to the lower ends of the two connecting rods and urges the two clamping plates to clamp towards each other.
Furthermore, the design can also be provided with a guide tube or a guide wire ring 8 in front of each wire feeding mechanism, the guide tube or the guide wire ring 8 is fixed on the movable plate, the printing wires respectively penetrate through the corresponding guide tube or the corresponding guide wire ring 8 and enter between the two clamping plates, and the guide tube or the guide wire ring 8 plays a role in guiding the printing wires in application.
Further, the first transmission mechanism includes a first screw 17 and a first sleeve 18 matched with the first screw 17 and screwed on the first screw 17, the first sleeve 18 is fixed on the printing tray 5, two ends of the first screw 17 are respectively installed on the bottom plate of the machine body support through bearings and are arranged along the X-axis direction, the first screw 17 is connected with a first driving motor and is driven to rotate by the first driving motor, and the first driving motor is fixedly installed on the bottom plate 16 of the machine body support 1; further, two sliding grooves are formed in a bottom plate 16 of the machine body support, the two sliding grooves are located on the left side and the right side of the first screw 17 respectively, sliding bodies 15 matched with the two sliding grooves are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the printing tray 5 respectively, the two sliding bodies 15 are located in the two sliding grooves respectively, the lower end face of each sliding body is in contact with the bottom face in the corresponding sliding groove, stability of the printing tray 5 in motion in the X-axis direction is achieved through cooperation of the sliding bodies 15 and the sliding grooves, the phenomenon that the printing tray 5 shakes left and right is avoided, when the first screw is driven to rotate by the first driving motor, a first sleeve matched with the first screw axially moves on the first screw, at the moment, the first sleeve can drive the printing tray 5 to axially move along the first screw, and movement of the printing tray 5 in the X-axis direction is achieved.
Further, the second transmission mechanism comprises a Z-axis moving unit and a Y-axis moving unit; specifically, the Z-axis moving unit comprises a supporting transverse plate 3, the material extrusion unit is mounted on the supporting transverse plate 3, two longitudinal beams 54 on two sides of the machine body support 1 are respectively provided with a second screw 51 which is longitudinally arranged, the second screw 51 is in matching threaded connection with a second sleeve 52, and two end parts of the supporting transverse plate 3 are respectively connected with the second sleeves 52 on the two second screws 51; the end parts of the two second screws 51 are respectively connected with the power output shafts of the two second driving motors and driven by the second driving motors to rotate; when the second screw rod is driven by the second driving motor to rotate, the second sleeve matched with the second screw rod axially moves on the second screw rod, at the moment, the second sleeve can drive the supporting transverse plate 3 to move along the second screw rod in the Z-axis direction, when the supporting transverse plate moves, the rotation of the two second screw rods arranged on the left and right sides is synchronous, and the two second driving motors connected with the two second screw rods are all synchronized by adopting the servo motor.
Specifically, the Y-axis moving unit includes a third screw 21 parallel to the supporting transverse plate and mounted on the supporting transverse plate through a bearing, and a third sleeve 22 matched with the third screw 21 and screwed on the third screw 21, the third sleeve 22 is fixed on the back side of the fixing plate 23, the third screw 21 is connected with a third driving motor and driven to rotate by the third driving motor, the third driving motor is fixedly mounted at one end of the supporting transverse plate 3, when the third screw is driven to rotate by the third driving motor, the third sleeve matched with the third screw moves axially on the third screw, and at this time, the third sleeve can drive the fixing plate 23 and the material extruding unit 2 thereon to move axially along the third screw, so as to realize the movement of the material extruding unit 2 in the Y-axis direction.
Furthermore, the fixing plate is relatively fixed, so that the phenomenon of shaking during movement is avoided, the lateral wall of the supporting transverse plate 3 is provided with two guide grooves which are respectively positioned at the upper side and the lower side of the third screw rod, the back side of the fixing plate is provided with a guide body 19 matched with the two guide grooves, the two guide bodies 19 are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves, meanwhile, the end part of the guiding body is provided with a ball body 20, the diameter of the ball body 20 is larger than the width of the guiding body, and the bottom in the guide groove is provided with a spherical groove matched with the ball body, the spherical groove extends along the length direction of the guide groove, the spherical groove is communicated with the guide groove, the ball body is positioned in the spherical groove, because the fixing plate is vertically arranged, the design that the diameter of the ball body 20 is larger than the width of the guide body can enable the ball body to be tightly arranged in the spherical groove, and the phenomenon that the fixed plate shakes when moving is avoided.
Further, the material extrusion head comprises a cavity 13, a mixing cavity 31 is arranged in the cavity 13, a mixing and spraying cavity 32 is arranged below the mixing cavity 31, the mixing cavity 31 is communicated with the mixing and spraying cavity 32, a spray head 14 (the spray head 14 is the prior art) is connected to the cavity 13 below the mixing cavity 31, an inlet of the spray head 14 is communicated with an outlet at the lower end of the mixing and spraying cavity, a heating coil 11 is arranged on the inner wall of the mixing cavity 13 in a surrounding mode and heats printing wires entering the mixing cavity 13, and the printing wires pushed by the three printing wire feeding mechanisms enter from an inlet at the top of the mixing cavity.
Further, the side part of the cavity 13 is provided with a heat radiation fan 12, and the heat radiation fan 12 blows air to the model product printed below the spray head to facilitate cooling.
The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer comprises the following working processes:
1. the printing wires of three colors pushed by the three printing wire feeding mechanisms enter from the inlets at the top of the mixing cavity 13, when in work, when the telescopic rod 905 of the pushing hydraulic cylinder is pushed forwards, the tail ends of the two connecting rods move in opposite directions, the included angle between the two connecting rods is increased, at the moment, the two clamping plates at the front ends of the connecting rods move oppositely to realize the purpose of clamping the printing wires, after the printing wires are clamped, the movable plate 901 moves towards the material extrusion head direction and sends the printing wires into the material extrusion head, namely, the telescopic rod 903 of the first hydraulic cylinder pushes the movable plate towards the material extrusion head direction forwards, at the moment, the printing wires are clamped and then enter the mixing cavity 31 in the cavity 13, and then when the telescopic rod of the pushing hydraulic cylinder pushes backwards, the two clamping plates are opened, the telescopic rod 903 of the first hydraulic cylinder is retracted to restore the whole material extrusion unit 2 to the initial position, and then, the three printing wire feeding mechanisms can continuously repeat the actions to continuously feed the printing wires into the material extrusion head.
The printing silk in this design uses the carbon fiber to print the silk, and carbon fiber material both is conductive heating material and printing material, utilizes the good electric conductivity nature and the heat conductivility of carbon fiber, when carbon fiber circular telegram, can produce a exothermic process, with the melting of three primary colors silk to attached to carbon fiber silk surface, form one kind and use carbon fiber silk as the skeleton.
2. After the printing wire enters the material extrusion head, the heating coil 11 in the mixing cavity 31 heats and melts the printing wire entering the mixing cavity 13, and the melted printing wire is mixed, then enters the mixing and spraying cavity 32 downwards and is extruded by the nozzle 14; when the spray head 14 extrudes the material, the material extrusion unit 2 moves from the second transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit in two directions of Y, Z axes, and a model formed by printing moves horizontally in the X-axis direction on the printing tray and on the first transmission mechanism; the purpose of three-dimensional printing can be realized through the linkage of the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit, and a printed model product is arranged on a printing tray and cooled by a fan.
The linkage process of the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism has an internal implantation program and is realized by controlling each driving motor by the controller, and it should be noted that the linkage of the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism, the connection mode of each driving motor and the controller 6, the control mode of the controller 6 to each driving motor, the connection mode of each hydraulic cylinder and the controller, and the control mode of the controller to each hydraulic cylinder are all conventional technologies, which is not the main point of the design, and the description thereof is not repeated herein.
It should be specifically noted that, when the first transmission mechanism and the second transmission mechanism act, the first screw rod is driven by the first driving motor to rotate, and the first sleeve matched with the first screw rod axially moves on the first screw rod, at this time, the first sleeve can drive the printing tray 5 to axially move along the first screw rod, so as to achieve the purpose of moving the printing tray 5 in the X-axis direction.
The second screw rod is driven by the second driving motor to rotate, the second sleeve matched with the second screw rod axially moves on the second screw rod, and at the moment, the second sleeve can drive the supporting transverse plate 3 to move along the second screw rod in the Z-axis direction, so that the purpose of moving in the Z-axis direction is achieved.
The third screw rod is driven by the third driving motor to rotate, the third sleeve matched with the third screw rod axially moves on the third screw rod, and at the moment, the third sleeve can drive the fixing plate 23 and the material extrusion unit 2 on the fixing plate to axially move along the third screw rod, so that the material extrusion unit 2 can move in the Y-axis direction.
The purpose of printing three primary colors in the design can be realized through the method.
The above-mentioned solution is only the basic design structure of the three-dimensional printer of this three primary colors, in a specific implementation, a pressure sensor 913 may be added on a side wall of one of the clamping plates 912, the pressure sensor 913 is installed on one of the clamping plates in an embedded manner, and a hard convex plate 914 protruding and corresponding to a force-bearing surface of the pressure sensor 913 is installed on the other clamping plate, when the two clamping plates clamp the printing wire, the printing wire is clamped by the pressure sensor 913 and the convex plate, the pressure sensor 913 monitors a pressure value and transmits the pressure value to the controller, the controller determines that the printing wire feeding mechanism has the printing wire by comparing the pressure value with a threshold value, when the printing wire is out of the printing wire, the pressure sensor 913 has a gap with the convex plate, and the pressure sensor 913 has no pressure value data or small data and is smaller than the set threshold value, the controller can determine whether the printing wire feeder is out of wire by comparing the data fed back by the pressure sensor 913 with a threshold.
Furthermore, a dynamic speed meter or a speed sensor 10 can be arranged at the side part of each printing wire to monitor the wire feeding speed of the printing wire and feed the speed back to the controller. The controller controls the wire feeding speed of each printing wire feeding mechanism, so that the proportion of three primary colors is controlled, the color of a printing material is changed, the wire feeding speed of a carbon fiber material can be controlled, and the hardness of a printed finished product is changed.
In the specific implementation, the controller and the color simulator connected with the controller can read the color data in the model, calculate the data (in the prior art), issue commands to the next-stage component, know the wire feeding rates of the three printing wire feeding mechanisms, and control any one or more printing wire feeding mechanisms to stop feeding wires.
In summary, the basic principle of the present invention is a three primary color theory, in which three primary colors refer to three basic colors, i.e., magenta, yellow, and cyan, which cannot be decomposed any more, and the three primary colors can be mixed into all colors and added into black (black, white, and gray belong to a colorless system), and the purpose of mixing all colors to realize printing of any color can be realized by the mixing ratio of the three colors, i.e., the three primary color printing wires are melted and mixed, and the mixture ratio of the three different color printing wires in a miscible substance is changed to obtain printing materials of different colors.
In the specific implementation, the method for controlling the proportion of the printing wires with three different colors in the miscible substances is as follows: the wire feeding speed of the printing wire is changed by the wire feeding speed of the three printing wire feeding mechanisms, and the wire feeding speed of the printing wire with three different colors is different at the same moment, so that the wire feeding speed of the printing wire with three different colors is different in unit time, and the ratio occupied by the printing wire with three colors in the mixed material is different finally.
In the concrete implementation, a color simulator in the control system reads color data in the model, analyzes and calculates the data to obtain a data result of the target material color, and transmits corresponding commands to execution components in the three printing wire feeding mechanisms to realize the control of the wire feeding speed of the printing wires in each color.
The embodiments of the present invention are disclosed as the preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily understand the spirit of the present invention and make various extensions and changes without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A three-dimensional three-primary-color printer comprises a machine body support, a material extrusion unit, a three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and a printing tray, wherein the material extrusion unit, the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and the printing tray are arranged on the machine body support; the method is characterized in that: the printing tray is positioned on a first transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and can horizontally move in the X-axis direction; the material extrusion unit is positioned on a second transmission mechanism in the three-coordinate-axis transmission unit and can move in two directions of the Y, Z axis;
the material extrusion unit comprises a material extrusion head capable of melting and extruding printing wires and three printing wire feeding mechanisms positioned in the inlet end direction of the material extrusion head, and the three printing wire feeding mechanisms respectively feed the printing wires with three colors into the material extrusion head for melting.
2. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the three printing wire feeding mechanisms have the same structure, and comprise a fixed plate, a first hydraulic cylinder and a movable plate, wherein the fixed plate is fixedly arranged on the second transmission mechanism and can move along with the second transmission mechanism;
the printing wire feeding mechanism further comprises a clamping hand arranged on the movable plate, the clamping hand comprises two connecting rods hinged in an X shape, two stress rods in a splayed structure are arranged at the front ends of the two connecting rods and are respectively connected to the front ends of the two connecting rods, a clamping plate is respectively fixed on the end parts of the two stress rods, and after the two connecting rods rotate around the hinged shaft and enable the two clamping plates to move oppositely, the two clamping plates can clamp the printing wire positioned between the two clamping plates;
when the two clamping plates clamp the printing wire, the movable plate moves towards the direction of the material extrusion head and sends the printing wire into the material extrusion head;
the link is moved by a driving unit.
3. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 2, characterized in that: the driving unit comprises a push rod in a Y-shaped structure, two end parts of the front end of the push rod are respectively hinged with the tail ends of the two connecting rods, the tail end of the push rod is connected with a telescopic rod of a pushing hydraulic cylinder, and the pushing hydraulic cylinder is fixedly arranged on the movable plate.
4. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: a spring is arranged between the two connecting rods, and the spring connects the two connecting rods and applies reverse elastic force to the lower ends of the two connecting rods and enables the two clamping plates to clamp oppositely.
5. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first transmission mechanism comprises a first screw rod and a first sleeve matched with the first screw rod and in threaded connection with the first screw rod, the first sleeve is fixed on the printing tray, two ends of the first screw rod are respectively installed on a bottom plate of the machine body support through bearings and arranged along the X-axis direction, the first screw rod is connected with a first driving motor and driven to rotate by the first driving motor, and the first driving motor is fixedly installed on the bottom plate of the machine body support;
two sliding grooves are formed in a bottom plate of the machine body support and are respectively located on the left side and the right side of the first screw rod, sliding bodies matched with the two sliding grooves are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the printing tray, the two sliding bodies are respectively located in the two sliding grooves, and the lower end face of each sliding body is in contact with the bottom face in each sliding groove.
6. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the second transmission mechanism comprises a Z-axis moving unit and a Y-axis moving unit, the Z-axis moving unit comprises a supporting transverse plate, the material extrusion unit is installed on the supporting transverse plate, two longitudinal beams on two sides of the machine body support are respectively provided with a second screw rod which is longitudinally arranged, the second screw rod is in matched threaded connection with a second sleeve, and two end parts of the supporting transverse plate are respectively connected with the second sleeves on the two second screw rods; the end parts of the two second screw rods are respectively connected with power output shafts of the two second driving motors and driven by the second driving motors to rotate;
the Y-axis moving unit comprises a third screw rod which is parallel to the supporting transverse plate and is arranged on the supporting transverse plate through a bearing, and a third sleeve which is matched with the third screw rod and is in threaded connection with the third screw rod, the third sleeve is fixed on the back side of the fixing plate, the third screw rod is connected with a third driving motor and is driven by the third driving motor to rotate, and the third driving motor is fixedly arranged at one end of the supporting transverse plate;
two guide grooves are formed in the side wall of the supporting transverse plate and are respectively located on the upper side and the lower side of the third screw rod, guide bodies matched with the two guide grooves are arranged on the back side of the fixing plate, and the two guide bodies are respectively located in the two guide grooves.
7. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 6, characterized in that: the end part of the guide body is provided with a ball body, the diameter of the ball body is larger than the width of the guide body, the bottom in the guide groove is provided with a spherical groove matched with the ball body, the spherical groove is communicated with the guide groove, and the ball body is positioned in the spherical groove.
8. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material extrusion head comprises a cavity, a mixing cavity is arranged in the cavity, a mixing waiting spraying cavity is arranged below the mixing cavity, the mixing cavity is communicated with the mixing waiting spraying cavity, a spray head is connected to the cavity below the mixing cavity, an inlet of the spray head is communicated with an outlet at the lower end of the mixing waiting spraying cavity, and a heating coil is arranged on the inner wall of the mixing cavity in a surrounding mode; the printing wires pushed by the three printing wire feeding mechanisms enter from an inlet at the top of the mixing cavity.
9. The three-primary-color three-dimensional printer according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a cooling fan is arranged on the side part of the cavity and blows air below the spray head.
CN201910737055.3A 2019-08-10 Three-primary-color three-dimensional printer Active CN112356437B (en)

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