CN112351963B - 多层玻璃 - Google Patents

多层玻璃 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112351963B
CN112351963B CN201880095386.5A CN201880095386A CN112351963B CN 112351963 B CN112351963 B CN 112351963B CN 201880095386 A CN201880095386 A CN 201880095386A CN 112351963 B CN112351963 B CN 112351963B
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glass
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film
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CN112351963A (zh
Inventor
勇木健
勇木德仁
船尾真充
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Nakajima Glass Co Inc
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Nakajima Glass Co Inc
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Abstract

一种多层玻璃（11），是玻璃板（12）和玻璃板（13）被以经由配设在玻璃板（12）和玻璃板（13）的周缘部的间隔件（16）而形成空间（15）的方式配置而构成的多层玻璃（11），通过在该空间（15）内配置至少1片低辐射膜（14），该空间（15）被分割，所述低辐射膜（14）在塑料膜的单面或双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片；玻璃板（12、13）与间隔件（16）之间、以及低辐射膜（14）与间隔件（16）之间分别被用一次密封件（19）封闭而构成；前述一次密封件（19）及前述间隔件（16）的外侧的玻璃板（12、13）间被用二次密封件（20）封闭而构成；在前述二次密封件（20）的内部配置加强件（21）而构成。本发明的多层玻璃外观良好，并且具有优良的隔热性。

Description

多层玻璃
技术领域
本发明涉及隔热性优良的多层玻璃。
背景技术
多层玻璃由于隔热性优良，所以被广泛地作为建筑物的窗玻璃等使用。但是近年来，要求由住宅、大楼等消耗的能量的削减，要求窗玻璃的隔热性的进一步的改善。
作为提高多层玻璃的隔热性的方法，已知有通过在玻璃板之间的空间中配置塑料膜而将该空间分割的方法。但是，在配置于玻璃板之间的塑料膜发生因收缩造成的褶皱，导致外观不良。
在专利文献1中，记载有一种多层玻璃，所述多层玻璃如图6所示，是通过在两片玻璃板1、1’的周缘部固定间隔部件4’、4”、在间隔部件4’、4”之间配置膜3，在玻璃板1、1’间形成被膜3分割的中间层2，间隔部件4’、4”的外周侧被用密封件8密封而构成的多层玻璃，从间隔部件4’、4”向外周侧突出的膜3的端部被前述密封件8包含，在前述密封件8的外周侧形成有与两片玻璃板1、1’粘接的防湿层9。在专利文献1中记载有为了防止褶皱的发生而将膜3加热。而且记载有：由于在加热时膜3需要被牢固地固定，所以作为将膜3固定的密封件8而使用难以熔融的聚氨酯等。此外记载有：通过在密封件8的外周侧形成防湿层9，防止外部气体中的水分向中间层2的侵入。但是，在配置有多个膜3的情况、膜3较大的情况下，有膜3收缩而发生褶皱、导致外观不良的情况，成为问题。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开平8-151865号公报。
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
本发明是为了解决上述课题而做出的，目的是提供一种外观良好并且具有优良的隔热性的多层玻璃。
用来解决课题的手段
上述课题通过提供以下的多层玻璃而被解决，该多层玻璃，是玻璃板和玻璃板被以经由配设在该玻璃板的周缘部的间隔件而形成空间的方式配置而构成的多层玻璃，通过在该空间内配置至少1片低辐射膜，该空间被分割，所述低辐射膜在塑料膜的单面或双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片；玻璃板与间隔件之间、以及低辐射膜与间隔件之间分别被用一次密封件封闭而构成；前述一次密封件及前述间隔件的外侧的玻璃板间被用二次密封件封闭而构成；在前述二次密封件的内部配置有加强件而构成。
适合的是，前述加强件是大致长方形的板状，被以该加强件的内侧的面与前述间隔件的外侧的面对置的方式配置。还适合的是，前述多层玻璃的厚度方向上的加强件的宽度比玻璃板间的距离窄0.2mm以上。还优选的是，前述多层玻璃的深度方向上的前述二次密封件的宽度为n×1mm～n×20mm（n为前述低辐射膜的片数），前述加强件与前述间隔件的距离为0.5mm以上。
优选的是，前述间隔件具有将多个部件接合而形成的接合部，在与该接合部对置的位置配置有加强件。此时，更优选的是，通过使大致L字状部件嵌插于前述多个部件，使该部件接合，前述大致L字状部件的角度为60～120°。
还优选的是，前述间隔件具有弯曲部，该弯曲部被配置在多层玻璃的角部。
优选的是，前述间隔件具有将端部以角度θ/2切断的部件彼此被接合而构成的接合部，该接合部被配置在多层玻璃的角部，其中，θ表示前述角部的角度，θ为60～120°。还优选的是，在多层玻璃的角部，间隔件的外侧表面被用加强带覆盖。
优选的是，前述玻璃板由强化玻璃构成。还优选的是，在前述空间封入有从由空气、氩、氪及氙构成的群选择的至少1种气体。还优选的是，前述二次密封件具有由聚氨酯构成的内层和由硅酮构成的外层，在前述内层与前述外层之间配置有加强件。
发明效果
本发明的多层玻璃由于玻璃板间的空间被低辐射膜分割，所以具有优良的隔热性。而且，根据本发明，由于前述低辐射膜中的褶皱的发生被抑制，所以前述多层玻璃外观良好。
附图说明
图1是本发明的多层玻璃的一例的正面概略图。
图2是图1的A－A线剖视图。
图3是表示通过使大致L字状部件嵌插于筒状的部件、使该部件接合而形成的接合部的一例的正面概略图。
图4是图3所示的接合部中的大致L字状部件的主视图和侧视图。
图5是本发明的多层玻璃的一例的侧视图。
图6是在日本特开平8-151865号公报中记载的多层玻璃的截面概略图。
具体实施方式
本发明的多层玻璃是玻璃板和玻璃板被以经由配设在该玻璃板的周缘部的间隔件（spacer）而形成空间的方式配置而构成的多层玻璃，通过在该空间内配置至少1片低辐射膜，该空间被分割，所述低辐射膜在塑料膜的单面或双面形成有法布里－珀罗（Fabry-Perot）干涉滤光片（filter）；玻璃板与间隔件之间、以及低辐射膜与间隔件之间分别被用一次密封件封闭而构成；前述一次密封件及前述间隔件的外侧的玻璃板间被用二次密封件封闭而构成；在前述二次密封件的内部配置有加强件而构成。
以下，一边参照附图一边更具体地说明本发明。图1是本发明的多层玻璃11的一例的正面概略图，图2是图1的A－A线剖视图。图1及图2所示的多层玻璃11是在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间配置有4片低辐射膜14而构成的例子。
本发明的多层玻璃11在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间的空间15配置至少1片低辐射膜14，该空间15被分割而构成，所述低辐射膜14在塑料膜的单面或双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片。这里，玻璃板12、低辐射膜14及玻璃板13平行地配置而构成。通过做成这样的结构，能够使传热率（热贯流率）变低，所以能得到隔热性能优良的多层玻璃11。
如图2所示，玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间的空间15经由配设在玻璃板12和玻璃板13的周缘部的间隔件16而形成。在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间，配置两个以上的间隔件16，在间隔件16之间配置低辐射膜14。
作为间隔件16的原材料，可以举出金属、塑料、陶瓷等。间隔件16是为了在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间形成空间15并且保持将该空间15分割的低辐射膜14而设置的部件，所以优选的是强度较高者。从该观点，作为间隔件16的原材料，优选的是金属及塑料，更优选的是金属。作为金属，优选的是不锈钢、铝合金等，其中更优选的是不锈钢。作为塑料，优选的是GFRP（玻璃纤维强化塑料）、CFRP（碳纤维纤维强化塑料）等FRP（纤维强化塑料）。
间隔件16的形状没有被特别限定，但间隔件16优选的是大致角筒状、大致圆筒状等筒状。如果是筒状，则能够在内部装入干燥剂。根据前述多层玻璃11的厚度方向上的间隔件16的宽度t1，决定分割后的空间15的厚度t3。多层玻璃11的深度方向上的间隔件16的宽度t2优选的是5～15mm。
在本发明中，优选的是，间隔件16具有将多个部件接合而形成的接合部，该接合部被配置在多层玻璃11的角部。此时，更优选的是，前述接合部是将端部被以角度θ/2切断的部件彼此接合而构成的。其中，θ表示多层玻璃11的角部的角度，θ优选的是60～120°。在图1所示的多层玻璃11的角度θ为90°的角部，配置有将被切断以使端部的角度θ/2成为45°的部件的端部彼此接合而构成的接合部。当这样将间隔件16的接合部配置到为角度θ的角部时，通过将被以θ/2的角度切断的端部彼此接合，间隔件16的接合部的刚性改善。由此，低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生被抑制，所以得到的多层玻璃11的外观进一步变得良好。此外，从同样的观点，也优选的是，在多层玻璃11的角部，间隔件16的外侧表面被用加强带17覆盖。作为加强带17，可以举出铝箔带、铜箔带、不锈钢箔带等。
图3是表示通过使大致L字状部件18嵌插于筒状的部件、使该部件接合而形成的接合部的一例的正面概略图。如图3所示，间隔件16的接合部优选的是通过使大致L字状部件18嵌插于多个部件、使该部件接合而构成的。通过使用大致L字状部件18使部件彼此接合，接合部的刚性改善。由此，低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生被抑制，所以得到的多层玻璃11的外观进一步变得良好。
图4是图3所示的接合部中的大致L字状部件18的主视图和侧视图。大致L字状部件18的原材料只要不阻碍本发明的效果就可以，没有被特别限定，但可以举出金属、塑料、陶瓷等。从接合部的刚性进一步改善的观点，大致L字状部件18优选的是刚性较高的部件。从该观点，作为大致L字状部件18的原材料，优选的是金属及塑料，更优选的是金属。作为金属，可以举出ZDC1、ZDC2等锌合金、铁合金、铝合金、铜合金、镁合金等，从加工性优良这一点，优选的是锌合金。由金属构成的大致L字状部件18可以通过铸造法等得到。作为塑料，优选的是GFRP（玻璃纤维强化塑料）、CFRP（碳纤维纤维强化塑料）等FRP（纤维强化塑料）。
大致L字状部件18的角度θ’优选的是60～120°。通常，大致L字状部件18的角度θ’与多层玻璃11的角部的角度θ相同。此外，从接合部的刚性进一步改善的观点，优选的是大致L字状部件18的内侧（空间15侧）的面和外侧（多层玻璃11的周缘侧）的面分别与间隔件16的内表面面接触。此时，多层玻璃11的平面方向上的大致L字状部件18的空间15侧的接触面的长度t4优选的是分别为32mm以上。
在间隔件16由金属构成的情况下，间隔件16中的接合部也可以是通过将部件彼此焊接而形成的。
此外，优选的是，间隔件16具有弯曲部，该弯曲部被配置在多层玻璃的角部。弯曲部可以通过使1个间隔件弯曲而形成。
在本发明中，所谓的在塑料膜的单面或双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜14，是具有使可见光透过、将远红外线反射的功能的膜，是在塑料膜的单面或双面层叠有多层金属及金属氧化物等而形成的低辐射膜。作为这样的低辐射膜14，可以举出在塑料膜的单面或双面交替地层叠多层Ag等金属及SnO2、ZnO2、TiO2等金属氧化物而构成的低辐射膜等。作为前述低辐射膜14，从在保持透明性的同时确保隔热性能的观点，适合使用可见光透过率为50%以上、基于JIS R3107测量的修正辐射率为0.2以下的低辐射膜14。这里，更适合的是前述修正辐射率为0.05以下。此外，作为形成法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的方法没有被特别限定，但可以举出通过溅镀等形成的方法等。作为前述低辐射膜14的具体例，可以适合使用伊士曼化工公司（Eastman Chemical Company）制的低辐射膜“Heat Mirror （注册商标）”等。此外，作为在塑料膜的双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜14，从与上述在单面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜14同样的观点，适合使用可见光透过率为50%以上、表面辐射率在双面都为0.2以下的低辐射膜14。作为上述低辐射膜14，例如可以使用伊士曼化工公司制的低辐射膜“Heat Mirror （注册商标），TC：Twin Coat”等。
在本发明中，在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间的空间15配置的上述低辐射膜14的片数只要是1片以上，就没有被特别限定，但从使传热率改善的观点，优选的是两片以上。但是，在配置有多片的情况下，由于得到的多层玻璃11的可见光透过率有可能下降，所以考虑传热率、可见光透过率和隔热性能的平衡来选择低辐射膜14的种类、片数是重要的。从这样的观点，配置的低辐射膜14的片数优选的是4片以下。在配置多个的情况下，当在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间的空间15配置低辐射膜14而该空间15被分割时，优选的是配置为，法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片面面向不同的空间15。由此，能够使多层玻璃11的传热率的值变低，所以具有隔热效果变得更高的优点。从同样的观点，在使用在塑料膜的双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜14的情况下，适合采用仅配置1片的实施方式。
如图2所示，在本发明中，被前述低辐射膜14分割的空间15的厚度t3优选的是5～18mm。通过该被分割后的空间15的厚度t3处于上述范围，具有能得到隔热效果优良的多层玻璃11之优点。本发明者们确认了，根据该被分割的空间15的厚度t3而传热率有差异，也确认了，进而根据被封入到该空间15的气体的种类而该被分割的空间15的最优的厚度不同。在该被分割的空间15的厚度t3不到5mm的情况下，因温度、气压的变化而多层玻璃11膨胀/收缩，或者风压等外力作用于玻璃面，由此，有可能因玻璃的内表面与膜接触等而低辐射膜14的性能受损，更优选的是该被分割的空间15的厚度t3的至少1个为6mm以上，进一步优选的是该被分割的空间15的厚度t3的至少1个为8mm以上，特别优选的是该被分割的空间15都为6mm以上，最优选的是该被分割的空间15都为8mm以上。另一方面，在该被分割的空间15的厚度t3超过18mm的情况下，隔热性能有可能下降，更优选的是该被分割的空间15的厚度t3的至少1个为16mm以下，进一步优选的是该被分割的空间15都为16mm以下。
在向该空间15封入氩气的情况下，该被分割的空间15的厚度t3优选的是5～18mm，更优选的是至少1个为12～18mm，进一步优选的是至少1个为16mm，特别优选的是该被分割的空间15都为12～18mm，最优选的是该被分割的空间15都为16mm。
在向该空间15封入氪气的情况下，该被分割的空间15的厚度t3优选的是5～18mm，更优选的是至少1个为8～12mm，进一步优选的是至少1个为10mm，特别优选的是该被分割的空间15都为8～12mm，最优选的是该被分割的空间15都为10mm。
在向该空间15封入氙气的情况下，该被分割的空间15的厚度t3优选的是5～10mm，更优选的是至少1个为5～8mm，进一步优选的是至少1个为6mm，特别优选的是该被分割的空间15都为5～8mm，最优选的是该被分割的空间15都为6mm。
在本发明中，在玻璃板12与玻璃板13的空间15封入有气体而构成。由此，能得到隔热效果较高的本发明的多层玻璃11。作为前述气体，没有被特别限定，优选的是从由空气、氩、氪及氙构成的群中选择的至少1种。气体优选的是干燥气体。从更加提高隔热效果的观点，优选的是在前述空间15实质上封入有从由氩、氪及氙构成的群选择的至少1种气体，其中更优选的是实质上封入有仅由氪或氙构成的气体。这里，所谓的实质上，表示从由氩、氪及氙构成的群中选择的至少1种气体、或者仅由氪或氙构成的气体以90%以上的填充率被封入于前述空间15。
在本发明的多层玻璃11中使用的两外侧的玻璃板12及玻璃板13的种类没有被特别限定，但除了建筑用的钠钙玻璃以外，还可以举出硼硅酸玻璃、铝硅酸玻璃等。从强度、耐热性优良、适合作为窗玻璃等使用这一点，优选的是钠钙玻璃。此外，根据同样的点，玻璃板12及玻璃板13也优选的是被强化处理的玻璃板。板厚根据多层玻璃11的用途而适当选择，但适合的是分别为0.5～19mm。在多层玻璃11中使用的玻璃板12及玻璃板13既可以相同也可以不同。从确保透明性的观点，玻璃板12及玻璃板13的可见光透过率优选的是80%以上。
本发明的多层玻璃11优选的是在玻璃板12和玻璃板13的至少一方的内侧表面形成有低辐射层。此时，优选的是，与低辐射层对置的低辐射膜14是在单面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜14，该低辐射膜14的没有形成法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的面与低辐射层对置。即，优选的是，玻璃板的形成有低辐射层的面和低辐射膜14的法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片面以面向不同的空间15的方式配置。由此，能够降低本发明的多层玻璃11的传热率的值，所以具有隔热效果进一步变高的优点。作为形成有低辐射层的玻璃板，没有被特别限定，从在保持透明性的同时确保隔热性能的观点，适合使用可见光透过率为70%以上、表面辐射率为0.2以下者。作为低辐射层，例如可以举出层叠有多层Ag等金属及SnO2、ZnO2、TiO2等金属氧化物而构成的结构。此外，作为形成低辐射层的方法没有被特别限定，例如可以举出通过溅镀等将玻璃板表面用低辐射层被覆的方法等。
玻璃板12与间隔件16之间、玻璃板13与间隔件16之间以及低辐射膜14与间隔件16之间分别被用一次密封件19封闭。作为一次密封件19，可以举出无溶剂型的密封材料等，其中，从气体阻隔（gas barrier）性特别高这一点，优选的是丁基类的橡胶。此外，作为一次密封件19也可以使用双面胶带。
一次密封件19及间隔件16的外侧的玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间被用二次密封件20封闭。此时，优选的是低辐射膜14比一次密封件19向外侧突出，由二次密封件20包含低辐射膜14的端部。通过这样低辐射膜14被二次密封件20保持，褶皱的发生被进一步抑制，所以得到的多层玻璃11的外观进一步改善。
如图2所示，前述多层玻璃11的深度方向上的前述二次密封件20的宽度t5优选的是n×1mm～n×20mm（n为前述低辐射膜14的片数）。在宽度t5不到n×1mm的情况下，有可能气体阻隔性变得不充分、或在低辐射膜14中容易发生褶皱。宽度t5更优选的是n×2mm以上。另一方面，在宽度t5超过n×20mm的情况下，在使用多层玻璃11作为窗玻璃的情况下，有可能多层玻璃11的间隔件16不被收纳到通用的窗框的暗槽（吞入）部分而不能作为通用的窗玻璃使用。
作为二次密封件20，可以举出聚氨酯树脂、硅酮（silicone）树脂、硫化物（sulfide）树脂等。其中，从与低辐射膜14的粘接性、气体阻隔性优良的观点，优选的是聚氨酯树脂。另一方面，从耐久性优良的观点，优选的是硅酮树脂。二次密封件20既可以是单层，也可以是使多个树脂层层叠的结构。从能够兼顾与低辐射膜14的粘接性及气体阻隔性和耐久性的观点，二次密封件20优选的是具有由聚氨酯构成的内层和由硅酮构成的外层的结构。此时，优选的是在前述内层与前述外层之间配置有加强件21。
如上述那样，通过一次密封件19及二次密封件20防止外部气体向空间15内的侵入，并且间隔件16、低辐射膜14相对于玻璃板12及玻璃板13被固定。
在本发明中，需要在二次密封件20的内部配置有加强件21。由此，低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生被抑制，所以得到的多层玻璃11的外观变得良好。此外，通过在二次密封件20的内部配置加强件21，经由二次密封件向外部跑出的气体量下降，气体阻隔性改善。通过使用这样的加强件21，能够以较高的维度兼顾通过以往技术难以兼顾的气体阻隔性和耐久性，是本发明的较大的特征。以往，在玻璃板间配置有低辐射膜的情况下，在该低辐射膜中发生褶皱而导致外观不良。特别是，在配置有多个低辐射膜的情况、配置有较大的低辐射膜的情况下，外观、气体阻隔性的恶化变得显著，要求其改善。
本发明者们为了改善这些点而进行了研究，发现了以下的内容。在制造配置有低辐射膜的多层玻璃时，通常，将配置在玻璃板间的低辐射膜使用间隔件、一次密封件及二次密封件保持。接着，通过一边对该低辐射膜加热一边使其伸展以使其不发生褶皱，将玻璃板间的空间分割。这里，如果低辐射膜的收缩力较大，则间隔件变形而该低辐射膜收缩，发生褶皱。对此，本发明者们将多层玻璃的深度方向上的二次密封件的宽度加宽了，虽然可看到一些改善，但仍然并不充分。特别是，在配置有两片以上低辐射膜的情况下，内侧的间隔件比两外侧的间隔件更大地变形，成为外观、气体阻隔性恶化的原因。本发明者们进一步开展研究发现，通过在二次密封件20的内部配置加强件21，褶皱的发生被大幅地抑制，得到的多层玻璃11的外观改善，并且气体阻隔性也改善。可以想到，通过配置加强件21，间隔件16的变形被抑制，并且即使在配置多个低辐射膜14而发生了较大的收缩力的情况下，由于力分散作用于全部的间隔件16，所以也不会有仅特定的间隔件16极端地变形的情况。结果，可以想到褶皱的发生被抑制。进而可以想到，通过在二次密封件20的内部配置加强件21，气体的透过被抑制，并且间隔件的变形也被抑制，所以气体阻隔性改善。
加强件21的原材料只要不阻碍本发明的效果就可以，没有被特别限定，但可以举出金属、陶瓷、塑料等。从进一步抑制低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生的观点，加强件21优选的是强度及刚性较高。从该观点，作为加强件21的原材料，优选的是金属及塑料，更优选的是金属。作为金属，优选的是不锈钢、碳钢等钢；铝合金；铜合金等，其中更优选的是钢，进一步优选的是不锈钢。作为塑料，优选的是使强度、刚性强化的GFRP（玻璃纤维强化塑料）、CFRP（碳纤维纤维强化塑料）等纤维强化塑料。
加强件21的形状只要不阻碍本发明的效果就可以，没有被特别限定，但可以举出大致长方形的板状、棒状等形状，从抑制间隔件16的变形进一步抑制低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生的观点，前者是优选的。在加强件21是大致长方形的板状的情况下，其厚度优选的是0.1～2mm。加强件21只要配置在配置于多层玻璃11的至少1边处的二次密封件20的内部就可以，但从进一步抑制低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生的观点，优选的是配置在配置于全部的边处的二次密封件20的内部。
从抑制间隔件16的变形进一步抑制低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生的观点，优选的是如图2所示那样以该加强件21的内侧的面与间隔件16的外侧的面对置的方式配置。图5是本发明的多层玻璃11的一例的侧视图。具体而言，优选的是这样以在侧视中与间隔件16重叠的方式配置加强件21。此外，如图2所示，多层玻璃11的厚度方向上的加强件21的宽度t6优选的是比玻璃板12、13间的距离t7窄0.2mm以上。在玻璃板12、13间的距离t7与加强件的宽度t6的差（t7－t6）不到0.2mm的情况下，当多层玻璃11变形时，有可能玻璃板12或玻璃板13与加强件21干涉而多层玻璃11破损。另一方面，从抑制间隔件16的变形进一步抑制低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生的观点，玻璃板12、13间的距离t7与加强件的宽度t6的差（t7－t6）优选的是不到10mm。
优选的是如图3所示那样，前述间隔件16具有将多个部件接合而形成的接合部，在与该接合部对置的位置配置有加强件21。由此，间隔件16的变形被抑制，低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生被进一步抑制。在间隔件16的接合部是使用大致L字状部件18形成的情况下，只要加强件21与大致L字状部件18对置就可以。
优选的是如图2所示，加强件21与间隔件16的距离t8为0.5mm以上。在该距离不到0.5mm的情况下，当多层玻璃11变形时，加强件21与间隔件16有可能干涉。
本发明的多层玻璃11优选的是传热率为1.0W/m2･K以下。这样，通过使用传热率较低、隔热性能优良的多层玻璃11作为建筑物的窗玻璃等，能够大幅地削减消耗能量。传热率更优选的是0.4W/m2･K以下。传热率可以通过低辐射膜14的片数、被分割的空间15的厚度、被封入的气体的种类、形成于玻璃板12或玻璃板13的低辐射层的有无等来调整。本发明的多层玻璃11即使在多个低辐射膜14的片数较多的情况下，低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生也被抑制，所以优良的外观被维持。因而，通过增加低辐射膜14的片数，能够大幅地提高隔热性能。
作为本发明的多层玻璃11的总厚度没有被特别限定，但优选的是80mm以下。在使用多层玻璃11作为一般的建筑物用的窗的情况下，总厚度更优选的是45mm以下，进一步优选的是38mm以下。根据本发明，能够在维持优良的外观和气体阻隔性的同时增加低辐射膜14的片数。这样，通过增加低辐射膜14的片数，能够不使总厚度较大地增加而提高隔热性能。
本发明的多层玻璃11的可见光透过率只要根据用途调整就可以，没有被特别限定。从使用多层玻璃11作为建筑物用的窗玻璃的情况下的采光的观点，优选的是50%以上。
以下，一边参照图1及图2一边对本发明的多层玻璃11的制造方法进行说明。在间隔件16将玻璃板12和玻璃板13平行地配置，在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间的空间15，配置至少1个在塑料膜的单面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜14。此时，将低辐射膜14使用间隔件16、一次密封件19及二次密封20保持。接着，通过使低辐射膜14伸展，该空间15被分割。此时，从抑制低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生的观点，优选的是一边加热一边伸展。然后，向被分割的各空间15填充气体，由间隔件16、一次密封件19及二次密封件20将空间15密闭。当填充气体时，通过预先作为气体填充部而在间隔件16、以及根据需要在加强件21开孔，在被分割的每一个空间15设置两处气体填充用的孔，从1处的孔填充气体。然后，将气体填充部用小螺钉固定，从其上方用二次密封件20密封。这样，能够得到多层玻璃11。
这样得到的本发明的多层玻璃11由于玻璃板12、13间的空间被低辐射膜14分割，所以具有优良的隔热性。而且，根据本发明，由于前述低辐射膜14中的褶皱的发生被抑制，所以多层玻璃11其外观良好。并且，多层玻璃11具有较高的气体阻隔性。因而，该多层玻璃适合作为大楼、住宅等建筑物的窗玻璃、透明的壁材等使用。
实施例
以下，使用实施例进一步具体地说明本发明。
实施例1
作为玻璃板12，使用纵1292mm、横935mm、厚度3mm的在单面形成有低辐射层的强化钠钙玻璃。此外，作为玻璃板13而使用纵1292mm、横935mm、厚度3mm的强化钠钙玻璃。作为低辐射膜14，使用在塑料膜的单面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片的低辐射膜［伊士曼化工公司制“Heat Mirror （注册商标）”］。作为一次密封件19而使用丁基橡胶。作为二次密封件20而使用聚氨酯树脂。作为加强件21，使用厚度0.5mm、宽度46.5mm、长度797～1260mm的不锈钢制的板。
如以下这样制作间隔件16。将丁基橡胶被覆在图4所示的锌合金制的大致L字状部件18的角部。在使其嵌插于端部被切断以使角度θ/2成为45°的筒状的不锈钢制的部件后，通过将外侧表面用加强带17（铝带）覆盖而形成接合部（参照图3）。这样得到了在各角形成有接合部而构成的的纵1274mm、横916mm的大致长方形的间隔件16。
如图2所示，在玻璃板12与玻璃板13之间配置4片低辐射膜14。以在玻璃板12或玻璃板13与低辐射膜14之间以及低辐射膜14彼此之间被分割的各空间15的厚度t3成为10mm的方式，配置厚度方向的宽度t1为9.5mm、深度方向的宽度t2为9.5mm的筒状的间隔件16。此时，以玻璃板12的低辐射层及低辐射膜14的法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片面在图2中全部成为朝下的方式配置玻璃板12及低辐射膜14。将玻璃板12与间隔件16之间、玻璃板13与间隔件16之间以及低辐射膜14与间隔件16之间分别用一次密封件19封闭。在一次密封件19及间隔件16的外侧填充聚氨酯树脂。在聚氨酯树脂的外侧配置加强件21。在长边使用长度1260mm的部件，在短边使用长度885mm或797mm的部件。此时，以玻璃板12与加强件21的距离以及玻璃板13与加强件21的距离分别为2mm、加强件21与间隔件16的距离成为4mm的方式，配置加强件21。此外，如图3所示，在角部，以与大致L字状部件18对置的方式配置加强件21。但是，由于在1个短边如后述那样在角部的附近设置有气体填充用的孔，所以以该孔不被堵塞的方式配置长度797mm的加强件21。这样，在将加强件21配置到各边后，再填充聚氨酯树脂，形成深度方向的宽度t5为9mm的二次密封件20。
将低辐射膜14使用间隔件16、一次密封件19及二次密封件20保持。这里，在各间隔件16的1个短边，预先作为气体填充部而开设有两处孔。接着，在二次密封件20凝固后，一边使用温风对流式加热炉加热至100℃，一边将低辐射膜14伸展。然后，从气体填充部向各空间填充氪气。接着，将气体填充部用小螺钉固定，从其上方用聚氨酯树脂封入。以目视观察这样得到的多层玻璃11，在低辐射膜14不发生褶皱，具有优良的外观。
比较例1
除了没有配置加强件21以外，与实施例1同样，制作出多层玻璃11。以目视观察得到的多层玻璃11，在低辐射膜14的角部分发生了褶皱，外观是不良的。特别是，在内侧的低辐射膜14发生了许多的褶皱。
附图标记说明
11 多层玻璃
12、13 玻璃板
14 低辐射膜
15 空间
16 间隔件
17 加强带
18 大致L字状部件
19 一次密封件
20 二次密封件
21 加强件
t1 多层玻璃的厚度方向上的间隔件的宽度
t2 多层玻璃的深度方向上的间隔件的宽度
t3 分割后的空间的厚度
t4 多层玻璃的平面方向上的大致L字状部件的空间侧的接触面的长度
t5 多层玻璃的深度方向上的二次密封件的宽度
t6 多层玻璃的厚度方向上的加强件的宽度
t7 玻璃板间的距离
t8 加强件与间隔件的距离。

Claims (11)

1.一种多层玻璃，是玻璃板和玻璃板被以经由配设在该玻璃板的周缘部的间隔件而形成空间的方式配置而构成的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
通过在该空间内配置至少1片低辐射膜，该空间被分割，所述低辐射膜在塑料膜的单面或双面形成有法布里－珀罗干涉滤光片；
玻璃板与间隔件之间、以及低辐射膜与间隔件之间分别被用一次密封件封闭而构成；
前述一次密封件及前述间隔件的外侧的玻璃板间被用二次密封件封闭而构成；
前述低辐射膜比前述一次密封件向外侧突出，由前述二次密封件包含前述低辐射膜的端部而构成；
在前述二次密封件的内部，大致长方形的板状的加强件被以该加强件的内侧的面与前述间隔件的外侧的面对置的方式配置而构成；
前述加强件由金属构成，前述加强件的厚度为0.1～2mm。
2.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述多层玻璃的厚度方向上的加强件的宽度比玻璃板间的距离窄0.2mm以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述多层玻璃的深度方向上的前述二次密封件的宽度为n×1mm～n×20mm，前述加强件与前述间隔件的距离为0.5mm以上，其中，n为前述低辐射膜的片数。
4.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述间隔件具有将多个部件接合而形成的接合部，在与该接合部对置的位置配置加强件而构成。
5.如权利要求4所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述间隔件是通过使大致L字状部件嵌插于前述多个部件、使该部件接合而构成，前述大致L字状部件的角度为60～120°。
6.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述间隔件具有将端部以角度θ/2切断的部件彼此被接合而构成的接合部，该接合部被配置在多层玻璃的角部而构成，其中，θ表示前述角部的角度，θ为60～120°。
7.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述间隔件具有弯曲部，该弯曲部被配置在多层玻璃的角部而构成。
8.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
在多层玻璃的角部，间隔件的外侧表面被用加强带覆盖而构成。
9.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述玻璃板由强化玻璃构成。
10.如权利要求1所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
在前述空间封入从由空气、氩、氪及氙构成的群选择的至少1种气体而构成。
11.如权利要求1～10中任一项所述的多层玻璃，其特征在于，
前述二次密封件具有由聚氨酯构成的内层和由硅酮构成的外层，在前述内层与前述外层之间配置有加强件。
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