CN112341349B - 含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物、低温交联的苯并噁嗪树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物、低温交联的苯并噁嗪树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112341349B
CN112341349B CN202011286293.6A CN202011286293A CN112341349B CN 112341349 B CN112341349 B CN 112341349B CN 202011286293 A CN202011286293 A CN 202011286293A CN 112341349 B CN112341349 B CN 112341349B
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鲁在君
张素娟
高星
王凯
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Abstract

本发明涉及含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物、低温交联的苯并噁嗪树脂及其制备方法,本发明充分利用苯并噁嗪的分子设计灵活性,对含官能团的单环苯并噁嗪进行热开环聚合,提供了一系列含各种官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,随后利用低温高效反应对该含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联,实现了苯并噁嗪的低温固化。

Description

含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物、低温交联的苯并噁嗪树脂及其 制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物、低温交联的苯并噁嗪树脂及其制备方法,属于热固性树脂及其制备技术领域。
背景技术
苯并噁嗪树脂作为一种新型的酚醛树脂,不但具有传统酚醛树脂机械强度高,耐热性好等优点,而且具有吸水率低,固化后体积零收缩以及分子设计灵活等特点。苯并噁嗪树脂是由苯并噁嗪单体经热开环聚合制备得到,无需外加催化剂和引发剂。要达到苯并噁嗪单体的完全固化及其适宜的固化反应速度,固化温度通常高于200℃,固化温度高,限制了其在某些方面的工业应用。中国专利文献CN111138423A公开了一种以香豆酸和糠胺分别为酚源和胺源的苯并噁嗪单体。尽管羧基的存在能降低苯并噁嗪的固化温度,但其固化放热峰峰值温度为193.7℃,固化温度仍然较高。
为了实现苯并噁嗪的低温固化,人们探索了许多方法,主要集中于在苯并噁嗪单体固化过程中加入含活泼H的固化剂。例如,Gorodisher等人将多官能度硫醇和双环苯并噁嗪进行共聚,低温下制备了聚苯并噁嗪交联网络(Handbook of Benzoxazine Resins,Elsevier,Amsterdam,2011,pp.211-234)。在该反应中,硫醇上的活泼H能够催化苯并噁嗪的开环,得到含亚胺阳离子的中间体,随后,S负离子进攻该亚胺结构,实现噁嗪环的开环加成。类似地,Oie等人在CH3OH/THF混合溶剂中,以2-甲基间苯二酚为固化剂,对聚烯丙基胺型苯并噁嗪进行室温开环加成,得到交联的聚苯并噁嗪(J.Polym.Sci.Part A:Polym.Chem.2012,50,4756–476)。这里,2-甲基间苯二酚上的活泼H能够催化噁嗪环的开环。CH3OH作为质子转移过程中的介质,对于苯并噁嗪的室温开环聚合发挥着不可替代的作用。另外,Ran等人在CH3OH/CHCl3混合溶剂中,以己二胺为固化剂,对BA-a进行室温开环加成,制备聚苯并噁嗪交联网络(ChemistrySelect 2019,4,6687–6696)。在该反应中,CH3OH的H质子能够在室温下对恶嗪环进行可逆的开环,生成亚胺离子中间体,伯胺对其进行亲核加成,从而制备交联网络。
尽管以上体系均能实现苯并噁嗪的低温固化,但其是基于苯并噁嗪单体和具有反应活性的第二单体的共聚反应,未能解决苯并噁嗪单体自身热聚合反应温度高的难题。另外,硫醇/Bz体系中,硫醇通常具有较难闻的气味,对环境不友好,2-甲基间苯二酚/Bz体系和氨基/Bz体系均需要在溶液中进行,限制了其在绿色胶黏剂行业的应用。
因此,亟需研发一种低温、绿色、对环境友好的苯并噁嗪树脂及其制备方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提出了一种间接方法实现了苯并噁嗪的低温固化,即:首先制备含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,随后利用低温反应对其进行交联,制备网状聚合物,实现苯并噁嗪的低温固化。
本发明的苯并噁嗪树脂的固化温度低于100℃,绿色、对环境友好,制备方法简单。
为达到以上目的,本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,所述的齐聚物为带有羟基和/或不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,结构式如下式Ⅰ所示:
Figure BDA0002782458300000021
式Ⅰ,n=2-10
R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000022
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000031
根据本发明优选的,当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000032
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000033
所述的齐聚物为酚源带有羟基的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
根据本发明优选的,当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000034
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000035
所述的齐聚物为胺源带有羟基的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
根据本发明优选的,当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000041
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000042
所述的齐聚物为酚源带有不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
根据本发明优选的,当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000043
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure BDA0002782458300000044
所述的齐聚物为胺源带有不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
本发明第二个目的是提供一种苯并噁嗪齐聚物的制备方法。
一种苯并噁嗪齐聚物的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
在惰性气体保护下,将苯并噁嗪单体或者苯并噁嗪单体与引发剂的混合物加热到80-200℃进行热聚合,冷却至室温,即得含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
根据本发明优选的,当合成带有羟基的苯并噁嗪齐聚物时,所述苯并噁嗪单体为含羟基的酚或含羟基的胺为原料合成的苯并噁嗪;当合成带有不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物时,所述苯并噁嗪单体为含不饱和键的酚或含不饱和键的胺为原料合成的苯并噁嗪。
根据本发明,优选的,引发剂与苯并噁嗪单体的质量比为:1:(0.01-0.1)。
根据本发明,优选的,所用引发剂为:苯酚、对甲酚、对甲氧基苯酚或对叔丁基苯酚中的一种。
根据本发明,优选的,热聚合温度为120-180℃。
根据本发明,优选的,热聚合时间为5-24h。
本发明第三个目的是提供一种低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂。
低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂,结构式如下式Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ所示,是通过式Ⅰ的苯并噁嗪齐聚物低温固化得到。
Figure BDA0002782458300000051
Figure BDA0002782458300000061
本发明第四个目的是提供一种低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂的制备方法。
一种低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
将含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物与交联剂和少量的催化剂或光引发剂加入到溶剂中混合均匀,得混合反应物,将混合反应物倒入四氟模具中,随后进行固化,得到低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂。
根据本发明优选的,所述的固化为在烘箱内或在UV灯下进行低温固化,固化温度为25-90℃,固化时间为0.25-24h。
根据本发明,优选的,当在UV灯下进行低温固化时,加入光引发剂,所述的光引发剂为2,4,6-(三甲基苯甲酰基)二苯基氧化磷(TPO)、安息香双甲醚(BDK)、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮(1173)、二苯甲酮/三乙胺中的一种,光引发剂的加入量为混合反应物质量的1-5wt%。
根据本发明,优选的,当在烘箱内进行低温固化时,加入催化剂,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或辛酸亚锡,催化剂的加入量为混合反应物质量的0.1-5wt%。
根据本发明,优选的,苯并噁嗪齐聚物中反应性官能团与交联剂中反应性官能团的摩尔比为1:1。
根据本发明,优选的,所述溶剂为氯仿、四氢呋喃、二氧六环或甲苯,溶剂的用量使混合反应物的固含量达到20-40%。
根据本发明优选的,当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有醇-OH时,交联剂为-NCO封端的交联剂,选自C1中的一种:
Figure BDA0002782458300000071
根据本发明优选的,当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有脂肪族不饱键时,交联剂为-SH封端的交联剂,选自C2中的一种:
Figure BDA0002782458300000072
根据本发明优选的,当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有马来酰亚胺基团时,交联剂为呋喃封端的交联剂,选自C3中呋喃封端的一种;当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有呋喃基团时,交联剂为马来酰亚胺封端的交联剂,选自C3中马来酰亚胺封端的一种:
Figure BDA0002782458300000081
其相应的反应路线如下所示,以二官能度交联剂为例:
以端异氰酸酯基团为交联剂的聚苯并噁嗪反应路线如式1所示:
Figure BDA0002782458300000082
以端巯基为交联剂的聚苯并噁嗪反应路线如式2所示:
Figure BDA0002782458300000091
以端呋喃或者端马来酰亚胺基团为交联剂的聚苯并噁嗪反应路线如式3所示:
Figure BDA0002782458300000092
Figure BDA0002782458300000101
本发明具有以下显著优点:
1、本发明充分利用苯并噁嗪的分子设计灵活性,提供了一系列含各种官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,该含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物创新性的实现了苯并噁嗪树脂的低温高效固化,并且齐聚物的制备方法简便、成本低。
2、本发明以含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物为基础,采用低温高效反应对齐聚物进行交联,为苯并噁嗪的低温固化提供了一种新方法。
3、本发明的苯并噁嗪树脂的固化温度低于100℃,绿色、对环境友好,制备方法简单,包含两步即:首先制备含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,随后利用低温反应对其进行交联,制备网状聚合物,实现苯并噁嗪的低温固化。
4、本发明所用的交联剂具有多样性,可以通过交联剂引入多种不同链段,从而实现对苯并噁嗪分子链的改性。
附图说明:
图1为实施例1得到的腰果酚-乙醇胺苯并噁嗪齐聚物的1H NMR谱图;
图2为实施例1中得到的腰果酚-乙醇胺苯并噁嗪齐聚物的FTIR谱图;
图3为实施例1中得到的腰果酚-乙醇胺苯并噁嗪齐聚物的GPC谱图;
图4为实施例6和对比例2得到的低温交联的聚苯并噁嗪的FTIR谱图;
图5为实施例6中得到的低温交联的聚苯并噁嗪的应力-应变曲线图;
图6为实施例6中得到聚苯并噁嗪杂化膜的DMA图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行进一步的阐述,应该说明的是,下述说明仅是为了解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。
实施例1、
基于腰果酚和乙醇胺的苯并噁嗪齐聚物
向配备有机械搅拌、Ar进气口、回流冷凝管和温度计的四口瓶中加入25g腰果酚-乙醇胺型苯并噁嗪粗产物,逐渐升温至170℃,并在该温度反应12h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,得到红棕色粘稠液体。
测试本实施例得到的含羟基苯并噁嗪齐聚物的1H NMR,1H NMR谱图如图1所示,
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm):δ6.93-6.40(2H,aromatic),3.70(2H,-CH2-OH),3.50(4H,Ar-CH2-N-CH2),2.90(2H,N-CH2-CH2-OH)。
测试本实施例得到的含羟基苯并噁嗪齐聚物的FT-IR,FT-IR谱图如图2所示。
IR(KBr,cm-1)3424cm-1(-OH),1461cm-1(tetrasubstituted benzene)。
测试本实施例得到的含羟基苯并噁嗪齐聚物的GPC,GPC谱图如图3所示。
Mn=1300,Mw=3000,PDI=2.30。
实施例2、
基于对叔丁基苯酚和二甘醇胺的苯并噁嗪齐聚物
向配备有机械搅拌、Ar进气口、回流冷凝管和温度计的50ml四口瓶中加入25g对叔丁基苯酚-二甘醇胺型苯并噁嗪粗产物,逐渐升温至120℃,并在该温度反应24h,反应结束后,冷却至室温,得到黄棕色粘稠状固体。
实施例3、
基于4-烯丙基苯酚和苯胺的苯并噁嗪齐聚物
向配备有机械搅拌、Ar进气口、回流冷凝管和温度计的50ml四口瓶中加入25g 4-烯丙基苯酚-苯胺型苯并噁嗪粗产物,逐渐升温至160℃,并在该温度反应16h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,得到黄棕色固体。
实施例4、
基于腰果酚和呋喃胺的苯并噁嗪齐聚物
向配备有机械搅拌、Ar进气口、回流冷凝管和温度计的50ml四口瓶中加入25g腰果酚-呋喃胺型苯并噁嗪粗产物,逐渐升温至130℃,并在该温度反应24h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,得到红棕色粘稠状固体。
实施例5、
基于4-马来酰亚胺基苯酚和十二胺的苯并噁嗪齐聚物
向配备有机械搅拌、Ar进气口、回流冷凝管和温度计的50ml四口瓶中加入25g 4-马来酰亚胺基苯酚-十二胺型苯并噁嗪粗产物,逐渐升温至140℃,并在该温度反应20h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,得到黄棕色固体。
实施例6、
以IPDI为交联剂对腰果酚-乙醇胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联
取3.85g(10mmol)腰果酚-乙醇胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物于25ml旋盖小瓶中,加入10ml干燥的CHCl3,将其溶解成红棕色透明溶液,向其中加入1.11g IPDI(5mmol)和5mg二月桂酸二丁基锡,将三者混合均匀,倒入四氟模具中。将模具放入50℃的烘箱中2h,随后升温至80℃,在此温度下固化5h,得红棕色透明膜。
实施例7、
以异氰酸根封端的PCL为交联剂对对叔丁基苯酚-二甘醇胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联
取2.79g(10mmol)对叔丁基苯酚-二甘醇胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物于50ml三口瓶中,加入7ml干燥的CHCl3,将其溶解成黄棕色透明溶液,称取5g TDI封端的PCL(10mmol-NCO)于另一25ml小瓶,向其中加入12ml无水CHCl3,溶解成无色透明状,随后加入8mg辛酸亚锡。将两种溶液室温下混合均匀,倒入四氟模具中,将模具于25℃下放置24h,随后移至60℃烘箱继续放置5h,得黄棕色透明膜。
实施例8、
以端巯基的PDMS为交联剂对4-烯丙基苯酚-苯胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联
取2.52g(10mmol)4-烯丙基苯酚-苯胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物于25ml旋盖小瓶,加入10ml干燥的THF,将其溶解成黄棕色透明溶液。取4g无色透明的端巯基PDMS(10mmol-SH)于另一25ml旋盖小瓶中,加入5ml THF,并向其中加入0.05g TPO,将其溶解成无色透明溶液。将两种溶液混合均匀,倒入四氟模具中,于通风橱内避光放置24h,放于100W UV下固化15min,得黄棕色透明的聚合物膜。
实施例9、
以双马来酰亚胺为交联剂对腰果酚-呋喃胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联
取3.85g(10mmol)腰果酚-呋喃胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物于25ml旋盖小瓶中,加入15ml干燥的CHCl3,将其溶解成红棕色透明溶液,向其中加入1.79g(5mmol)双马来酰亚胺,室温下混合均匀。将混合溶液,倒入四氟模具中。于60℃烘箱放置12h,得红棕色透明膜。
实施例10、
以端呋喃基PEG均交联剂对4-马来酰亚胺苯酚-十二胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联
取3.98g(10mmol)4-马来酰亚胺苯酚-十二胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物于25ml旋盖小瓶中,加入10ml干燥的二氧六环,将其溶解成黄棕色透明溶液,取6g端呋喃基PEG(10mmol呋喃基团)于另一25ml旋盖小瓶,加入12ml干燥的二氧六环,室温下混合均匀。将混合溶液,倒入四氟模具中。于80℃烘箱放置24h,得黄棕色透明膜。
对比例1、
基于腰果酚和正丙胺的苯并噁嗪齐聚物
向配备有机械搅拌、Ar进气口、回流冷凝管和温度计的50ml四口瓶中加入25g腰果酚-正丙胺苯并噁嗪粗产物,逐渐升温至150℃,并在该温度反应24h。反应结束后,冷却至室温,得到红棕色粘稠液体。
对比例2、
以IPDI为交联剂对腰果酚-正丙胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物进行交联
取3.83g(10mmol)腰果酚-正丙胺型苯并噁嗪齐聚物于25ml旋盖小瓶中,加入10ml干燥的CHCl3,将其溶解成红棕色透明溶液,向其中加入1.11g IPDI(5mmol)和5mg二月桂酸二丁基锡,将三者混合均匀,倒入四氟模具中。将模具放入50℃的烘箱中除溶剂2h,随后升温至80℃,在此温度下固化5h,得红棕色透明略微发粘的膜。
试验例1
测试实施例6中得到的交联聚合物膜的红外并与对比例2中得到的聚合膜的红外作对比,如图4所示。
由图4可知,实施例6中,2258cm-1处对应-NCO基团的红外吸收峰几乎完全消失,1732cm-1出现了较强的C=O吸收峰,说明IPDI基本反应完全。相反,对比例2中,2258cm-1处仍有较强的峰存在,说明酚-OH和IPDI的反应活性较弱,进一步证明,实施例5中主要是醇-OH和IPDI进行反应。
试验例2
测试实施例6中得到的交联聚合物膜的应力-应变曲线,如图5所示。
由图5可知,实施例6中得到的交联聚合物膜的拉伸强度为12.2MPa,断裂伸长率位16.1%,
说明该聚合物膜具有较好的韧性,这是由于腰果酚中存在柔韧的脂肪链。
试验例3
测试实施例6中得到的交联聚合物膜的DMA曲线,如图6所示。
由图6可知,实施例6中得到的交联聚合物膜的Tg为106℃,这是由于腰果酚脂肪链和IPDI脂肪环共同作用的结果。
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。

Claims (6)

1.含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,所述的齐聚物为带有羟基和/或不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,结构式如下式Ⅰ所示:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
式Ⅰ,n=2-10
R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
2.根据权利要求1所述的含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,其特征在于,当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
所述的齐聚物为酚源带有羟基的苯并噁嗪齐聚物;
当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
所述的齐聚物为胺源带有羟基的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物,其特征在于,当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure 33856DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
所述的齐聚物为酚源带有不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物;
当R1选自以下其中之一:
Figure 556190DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
R2选自以下其中之一:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
所述的齐聚物为胺源带有不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一所述含官能团 的 苯并噁嗪齐聚物的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
在惰性气体保护下,将苯并噁嗪单体或者苯并噁嗪单体与引发剂的混合物加热到80-200℃进行热聚合,冷却至室温,即得含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物;
当合成带有羟基的苯并噁嗪齐聚物时,所述苯并噁嗪单体为含羟基的酚或含羟基的胺为原料合成的苯并噁嗪;当合成带有不饱和键的苯并噁嗪齐聚物时,所述苯并噁嗪单体为含不饱和键的酚或含不饱和键的胺为原料合成的苯并噁嗪;
引发剂与苯并噁嗪单体的质量比为:1: (0.01-0.1);所用引发剂为:苯酚、对甲酚、对甲氧基苯酚或对叔丁基苯酚中的一种;热聚合温度为120-180℃;热聚合时间为5-24h。
5.低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂,结构式如下式Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ所示,是通过权利要求1所述的式Ⅰ的含官能团的 苯并噁嗪齐聚物低温固化得到,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
式Ⅱ
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
式Ⅲ
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
6.一种权利要求5所述的低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂的制备方法,包括步骤如下:
将含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物与交联剂和少量的催化剂或光引发剂加入到溶剂中混合均匀,得混合反应物,将混合反应物倒入四氟模具中,随后进行固化,得到低温交联苯并噁嗪树脂;
当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有醇-OH时,交联剂为-NCO封端的交联剂,选自C1中的一种:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
,
当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有脂肪族不饱键时,交联剂为-SH封端的交联剂,选自C2中的一种:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
,
当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有马来酰亚胺基团时,交联剂为呋喃封端的交联剂,选自C3中呋喃封端的一种;当含官能团的苯并噁嗪齐聚物中含有呋喃时,交联剂为马来酰亚胺封端的交联剂,选自C3中马来酰亚胺封端的一种:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
所述的固化为在烘箱内或在UV灯下进行低温固化,固化温度为25-90℃,固化时间为0.25-24h;
当在UV灯下进行低温固化时,加入光引发剂,所述的光引发剂为2,4,6-(三甲基苯甲酰基)二苯基氧化磷(TPO)、安息香双甲醚(BDK)、2-羟基-2-甲基-1-苯基-1-丙酮(1173)、二苯甲酮或三乙胺中的一种,光引发剂的加入量为混合反应物质量的1-5wt%;
当在烘箱内进行低温固化时,加入催化剂,所述催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡或辛酸亚锡,催化剂的加入量为混合反应物质量的0.1-5wt%;
苯并噁嗪齐聚物中反应性官能团与交联剂中反应性官能团的摩尔比为1:1;
所述溶剂为氯仿、四氢呋喃、二氧六环或甲苯,溶剂的用量使混合反应物的固含量达到20-40%。
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