CN112335794A - Piglet feed based on bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation process and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process is composed of basic components and bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed; the basic components comprise soybean protein concentrate, whey powder, fish meal, sodium chloride, choline chloride, stone powder, calcium hydrophosphate, compound vitamins, compound trace elements and compound amino acids; the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed comprises a fermentation substrate, an enzyme preparation and a strain. The bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed can improve the production performance of piglets, and can improve the utilization rate of the piglets on feed nutrients, particularly the utilization rate of feed phosphorus, so that the excretion of phosphorus in excrement is reduced.

Description

Piglet feed based on bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation process and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of animal breeding and feed production, and particularly relates to a piglet feed based on a bacterium-enzyme synergistic fermentation process and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Phosphorus is one of mineral elements essential to animals, plays an important role in the growth of animals, is a non-renewable resource, is the third most expensive feed raw material beyond protein and energy in the feed industry, has the content second to calcium in animals, is an important component of animal bones and teeth, is also an important component of genetic material and most enzymes, has the most biological functions in mineral elements, and mainly comprises: (1) participating in the composition of bones and teeth, (2) constituting ATP and creatine phosphate, participating in energy metabolism of the body, (3) promoting the absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins in a phospholipid mode and ensuring the integrity of biological membranes, (4) being an important component of genetic materials such as DNA, RNA and the like and participating in the composition of most enzymes, (5) constituting Na₂HPO₄/Na₂H₂PO₄Buffering the pair and regulating acid-base balance.

However, the utilization efficiency of phosphorus in the current animal production is generally low, and a large amount of unused phosphorus is discharged out of the body along with excrement and urine, so that the phosphorus in the environment is continuously enriched, and the environmental pollution such as water eutrophication and the like is caused. The phosphorus in the plant feed exists in two forms of phytate phosphorus and non-phytate phosphorus, but is mainly phytate phosphorus, the availability of the phosphorus is low, and the phosphorus is also combined with various anti-nutritional substances such as protease inhibitors, phytohemagglutinin, saponin, tannin and the like, so that the utilization rate of mineral elements such as calcium, zinc, magnesium, copper, manganese, cobalt, iron and the like is further influenced, meanwhile, a phosphate group on the phytic acid can be combined with a cationic group on the substances such as protein, amino acid, starch, lipid and the like in the feed, so that the solubility of the phosphate group is reduced, the digestibility of animals on the nutrients is influenced, and particularly, the influence on pigs is larger; but also can be combined with amylase, pepsin, trypsin, acid phosphatase and the like in animal bodies to reduce the activity of the enzymes, so that the nutrient utilization rate of the whole daily ration is reduced.

The deficiency of phosphorus in daily ration can lead to the reduction of organism metabolism activity, the reduction of appetite, the reduction of growth speed, the reduction of productivity, abnormal bone development and the like, and clinical diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia and the like can be caused. To meet the growing needs of pigs for their optimal performance, inorganic phosphorus sources, especially phosphate phosphorus, are usually added to the ration, 1/3 being the total phosphorus in the feed. However, because the digestion utilization rate of phosphorus is low, a large amount of phosphorus which is not digested and absorbed is discharged out of the body along with excrement and enters rivers and lakes through surface runoff and infiltration, eutrophication of water is caused, a large amount of algae and other planktonic microorganisms grow and breed, the dissolved oxygen amount of the water is reduced, the water quality is deteriorated, and accordingly a large amount of fishes and other aquatic animals die, and a large amount of phosphorus discharged into the environment can greatly influence ecological balance.

In order to improve the utilization rate of phosphorus in the feed, the method mainly adopted at present is to add phytase into the feed so as to hydrolyze phytic acid in the plant feed. The method is characterized in that phosphorus in the plant feed mainly exists in the form of phytate phosphorus, and because the utilization rate of the phytate phosphorus in the feed is low due to lack of phytase for decomposing the phytate phosphorus and microorganisms capable of producing the phytase in the bodies of the piglets, the phosphorus in the vegetal feed is effectively released by adding the phytase so as to be absorbed and utilized by the bodies of the piglets, thereby improving the utilization rate of the phosphorus in the feed raw materials.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to construct a bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed process and a product according to the characteristics of enzyme, substrate and microorganism and the combination of the functional complementarity and the superposition principle of the enzyme and the substrate.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process is composed of 10-20% of basic components and 80-90% of bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed;

the basic component comprises 26.67 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 26.67 percent of whey powder, 26.67 percent of fish meal, 2.67 percent of sodium chloride, 0.8 percent of choline chloride, 6 percent of stone powder, 3.46 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.33 percent of vitamin complex, 1.33 percent of compound trace elements and 5.4 percent of compound amino acid, wherein the total amount is 100 percent;

the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed comprises a fermentation substrate, an enzyme preparation and a strain;

the fermentation substrate comprises 36% of corn, 36% of puffed corn, 12% of soybean meal, 12% of puffed soybean, 2% of sucrose and 2% of soybean oil, and the total amount is 100%.

Further, in the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed, the total concentration of strains is 1-2 multiplied by 10⁸(CFU/mL); the addition amount of the enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.2% based on the fermentation substrate.

Further, the enzyme preparation comprises 0.03-0.06% of protease, 0.03-0.06% of amylase, 0.02-0.04% of lipase and 0.02-0.04% of cellulase.

Further, the strain is composed of lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.12934), pediococcus pentosaceus (CGMCC1.12961) and aspergillus niger (CGMCC3.4304), and each strain is inoculated by 1-2 mL respectively.

Further, the compound vitamins comprise vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, nicotinic acid and vitamin C.

Further, the compound trace elements comprise copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate and ultramicro sodium selenite.

Further, the compound amino acid comprises lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan.

The preparation method of the piglet feed comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.12934), Pediococcus pentosaceus (CGMCC1.12961) and Aspergillus niger (CGMCC 3.4304);

(2) selecting protease (>50000U/g), amylase (>7000U/g), lipase (>8000U/g) and cellulase (>10000U/g), and uniformly mixing;

(3) uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate according to a proportion, adding water according to a proportion of 1:0.5, sequentially adding the enzyme preparation and the strain in the stirring process, and fermenting for 12 hours at 28-30 ℃;

(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the basic components in proportion, adding the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed prepared in the step (3), and uniformly stirring.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, three microorganisms and four enzyme preparations are screened according to the characteristics of enzymes, substrates and microorganisms, and the influence of synergistic fermentation on the phosphorus utilization of piglet feed is researched for the first time; and then the influence of the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed on the production performance of the piglets and the apparent digestibility of the phosphorus of the feed is investigated by combining a piglet feeding test and a digestion test with a biochemical analysis means, so that the feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process, which can improve the phosphorus utilization rate of the piglet feed by 50%, is prepared.

The product of the invention can obviously improve the growth performance of piglets and improve the digestibility of feed nutrients, in particular the utilization rate of phosphorus in the feed.

Detailed Description

The piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process is composed of 15% of basic components and 85% of bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed;

the basic component comprises 26.67 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 26.67 percent of whey powder, 26.67 percent of fish meal, 2.67 percent of sodium chloride, 0.8 percent of choline chloride, 6 percent of stone powder, 3.46 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.33 percent of vitamin complex, 1.33 percent of compound trace elements and 5.4 percent of compound amino acid, wherein the total amount is 100 percent;

the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed comprises a fermentation substrate, an enzyme preparation and a strain;

the fermentation substrate comprises 36% of corn, 36% of puffed corn, 12% of soybean meal, 12% of puffed soybean, 2% of sucrose and 2% of soybean oil, and the total amount is 100%.

In the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed, the total concentration of the strains is 2 multiplied by 10⁸(CFU/mL); the addition amount of the enzyme preparation is 0.2 percent based on the fermentation substrate. The strain is composed of Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.12934), Pediococcus pentosaceus (CGMCC1.12961) and Aspergillus niger (CGMCC3.4304)And finally, inoculating 1-2 mL of each strain respectively. The enzyme preparation consists of 0.06% protease, 0.05% amylase, 0.04% lipase and 0.02% cellulase.

The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, nicotinic acid and vitamin C. The components have no specific amount, and generally meet the requirements of animals, and the following trace elements and compound amino acids are also the same.

The compound microelements comprise copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate, and ultramicro sodium selenite. The compound amino acid comprises lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan.

The preparation method of the piglet feed comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.12934), Pediococcus pentosaceus (CGMCC1.12961) and Aspergillus niger (CGMCC 3.4304);

(2) selecting protease, amylase, lipase and cellulase, and mixing uniformly;

(3) uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate according to a proportion, adding water according to a proportion of 1:0.5, sequentially adding the enzyme preparation and the strain in the stirring process, and fermenting for 12 hours at 28-30 ℃;

(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the basic components in proportion, adding the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed prepared in the step (3), and uniformly stirring to obtain a finished product.

The feed prepared in the embodiment is systematically researched, and the growth performance, the nutrient digestion utilization rate and the jejunum digestive enzyme activity of the piglets are inspected by taking 21-day-old weaned piglets as test animals and feeding unfermented and fermented daily ration consisting of the same raw materials for the piglets.

Test 1

Weaned piglets of 21 days old are taken as test animals, the weaned piglets are divided into 2 groups by adopting a random block design method, each group is 8 in number, each group is repeated for 3 piglets, a control group is fed with unfermented piglet feed, a test group is fed with fermented feed, the test period is 49 days, and the daily average feed intake, daily gain and diarrhea index of the piglets are inspected. The results are shown in Table 1. The results show that the test group significantly increased the weight and average daily gain of piglets and significantly reduced diarrhea in piglets compared to the control group.

TABLE 1 Effect of the invention on the Productivity of weaned piglets and diarrhea Rate

Test 2

Weaned piglets of 21 days old are taken as test animals, the weaned piglets are divided into 2 groups by adopting a random block design method, each group is 8 in number, each group is repeated for 3 piglets, a control group is fed with unfermented piglet feed, a test group is fed with fermented feed, the test period is 49 days, and the nutrient digestibility of the piglets is inspected. The results are shown in Table 2. The results show that the experimental group significantly improved the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and phosphorus of the ration, wherein the phosphorus utilization was improved by 52%.

Table 2 effect of invention on apparent digestibility of nutrients (%)

Test 3

Weaned piglets of 21 days old are taken as test animals, the weaned piglets are divided into 2 groups by adopting a random block design method, each group is 8 in number, each group is repeated for 3 piglets, a control group is fed with unfermented piglet feed, a test group is fed with fermented feed, the test period is 49 days, and the jejunum digestive enzyme activity of the piglets is inspected. The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 digestive enzyme Activity

The results show that the activity of sucrase and amylase of the jejunal mucosa of the piglets is obviously improved by 53 percent and 29 percent respectively in the test group.

Claims (8)

1. The piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process is characterized by comprising 10-20% of basic components and 80-90% of bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed;

the basic component comprises 26.67 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 26.67 percent of whey powder, 26.67 percent of fish meal, 2.67 percent of sodium chloride, 0.8 percent of choline chloride, 6 percent of stone powder, 3.46 percent of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.33 percent of vitamin complex, 1.33 percent of compound trace elements and 5.4 percent of compound amino acid, wherein the total amount is 100 percent;

the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed comprises a fermentation substrate, an enzyme preparation and a strain;

the fermentation substrate comprises 36% of corn, 36% of puffed corn, 12% of soybean meal, 12% of puffed soybean, 2% of sucrose and 2% of soybean oil, and the total amount is 100%.

2. The piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process of claim 1, wherein the total concentration of bacterial species in the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation feed is 1-2 x 10⁸(CFU/mL); the addition amount of the enzyme preparation is 0.1-0.2% based on the fermentation substrate.

3. The piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process of claim 1, wherein the enzyme preparation consists of 0.03-0.06% protease, 0.03-0.06% amylase, 0.02-0.04% lipase and 0.02-0.04% cellulase.

4. The piglet feed based on the bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermentation process of claim 1, wherein the strain is composed of lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC1.12934), pediococcus pentosaceus (CGMCC1.12961) and aspergillus niger (CGMCC3.4304), and each strain is inoculated with 1-2 mL of the strain.

5. The piglet feed based on the fungus enzyme co-fermentation process in claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex comprises vitamin a, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, calcium pantothenate, folic acid, biotin, niacin, vitamin C.

6. The piglet feed based on the bacterial-enzyme synergistic fermentation process of claim 1, wherein the composite trace elements comprise copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, calcium iodate and ultramicro sodium selenite.

7. The piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process of claim 1, wherein the complex amino acids comprise lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan.

8. The preparation method of any piglet feed based on the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermentation process according to claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting lactobacillus plantarum, pediococcus pentosaceus and aspergillus niger;

(2) selecting protease, amylase, lipase and cellulase, and mixing uniformly;

(3) uniformly mixing the fermentation substrate according to a proportion, adding water according to a proportion of 1:0.5, sequentially adding the enzyme preparation and the strain in the stirring process, and fermenting for 12 hours at 28-30 ℃;

(4) and (3) uniformly mixing the basic components in proportion, adding the bacterial enzyme synergistic fermented feed prepared in the step (3), and uniformly stirring.