CN112335786A - Marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma smell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma smell and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112335786A CN112335786A CN202011233793.3A CN202011233793A CN112335786A CN 112335786 A CN112335786 A CN 112335786A CN 202011233793 A CN202011233793 A CN 202011233793A CN 112335786 A CN112335786 A CN 112335786A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed, and particularly discloses marigold stem and leaf feed with acid aroma smell and a preparation method thereof, wherein a composite fermentation microbial inoculum used in the preparation of the feed comprises the following raw materials of mixed bacteria, molasses and water, wherein the mixed bacteria comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35-45% of lactic acid bacteria, 15-20% of bacillus licheniformis, 25-35% of bacillus subtilis and 8-18% of lactobacillus acidophilus, and the marigold stem and leaf feed with acid and fragrant smell obtained by using the composite fermentation inoculant has greatly reduced pungent odor, can completely replace whole corn silage in beef cattle breeding, reduces the land for planting silage corn, can extend the industrial chain of marigold planting industry, and increases the income of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological feed, in particular to marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma smell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Marigold is widely introduced and cultivated all over the world, and the yield of marigold accounts for more than half of the world's scattered flower yield. By 2017, the planting area in China exceeds 60000 hectares. Marigold flowers can be used as feed after lutein extraction, but a large amount of left stems and leaves become agricultural wastes, and the rest are discarded or burned except that a small part of the leaves are returned to the field, so that not only is resource waste caused, but also the environment is polluted. Because marigold stems and leaves have strong pungent odor, and livestock do not eat the marigold stems and leaves, the main component of the pungent odor is terpene volatile substances, wherein the contents of caryophyllene, piperitone, farnesene and terpinolene are the most, and respectively account for 14.67%, 12.17%, 9.46% and 8.24% of the total content of the volatile substances. Therefore, the method is a key for developing the marigold stems and leaves as the feed by reducing the content of the main terpene compounds in the marigold stems and leaves.
In recent years, with the improvement of living standard of people, the consumption demand of meat, eggs and milk is continuously increased, especially the demand of beef is linearly increased, the beef notch is huge, and a large amount of import from foreign countries is needed every year. Therefore, the feed is developed and utilized to develop beef cattle industry by using agricultural wastes such as marigold stems and leaves, is one of effective ways for meeting the demand of beef consumption market, and has important significance on food safety in China. Meanwhile, the feed of marigold stems and leaves is developed and utilized, so that the resource waste is reduced, and the organic combination of planting and cultivation is realized through returning the marigold stems and leaves to the field through abdomen, so that the feed plays a positive role in promoting the income increase of farmers and sustainable modern agricultural circular economy development in China.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for effectively removing pungent odor volatile matters of marigold, the content of main terpenoids in the prepared marigold feed is obviously reduced, the feed has a comfortable sour and fragrant smell, the feed is favored by cattle, and the feed intake is slightly higher than that of the conventional whole-plant corn silage feed.
The invention also aims to provide a biological agent for removing the pungent odor generated in the fermentation process of marigold stems and leaves.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following scheme: the composite fermentation inoculant comprises the following raw materials of mixed bacteria, molasses and water, wherein the mixed bacteria comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35-45% of lactic acid bacteria, 15-20% of bacillus licheniformis and dried mushroom25-35% of bacillus subtilis and 8-18% of lactobacillus acidophilus. Preferably, the biological activity of the lactic acid bacteria is not less than 1.0 x 105CFU/g, the biological activity of the bacillus licheniformis is not less than 1.0 multiplied by 107CFU/g, the biological activity of the bacillus subtilis is not less than 1.0 multiplied by 106CFU/g, Lactobacillus acidophilus bioactivity not less than 1.0 × 108CFU/g. Further, the mass ratio of the mixed bacteria to the molasses to the water is 1: 4: 5. the invention further provides a preparation method of the compound fermentation inoculant, which is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus according to a mass ratio to obtain mixed bacteria, mixing the mixed bacteria with molasses and water according to a mass ratio, and fermenting the obtained mixture at 30 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the compound fermentation inoculant.
The invention further provides marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma, which comprises crushed marigold stem leaves, 0.5-1% of composite fermentation inoculant and 6-10% of corn flour by mass of the crushed marigold stem leaves. Further, the invention provides a method for preparing the same
The preparation method of the marigold stem and leaf feed with the acid and fragrant smell comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting stems and leaves of marigold which have picked commodity flowers, mechanically crushing the stems and leaves to 1-3cm, and airing the stems and leaves outdoors to reduce the water content to 65-70%;
(2) adding 0.5-1% of the composite fermentation microbial inoculum prepared by the method according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves;
(3) adding 6-10% of corn flour according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves;
(4) fully mixing marigold stems and leaves, the composite fermentation inoculant and the corn flour according to a ratio, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; and filling the mixture into a silage silo for 30 days to obtain the marigold stem leaf feed with acid and fragrant smell.
Furthermore, the marigold stem leaf feed with the acid aroma smell prepared by the invention is mainly applied to feeding ruminants such as herbivores such as cattle, sheep and the like.
Preferably, the feed is used for beef cattle breeding. The invention provides a method for removing the irritation of marigold stems and leaves
The preparation method of the odor has the following advantages: 1. through reasonable preparation and fermentation of mixed strains and corn meal, main terpene volatiles in marigold stem and leaf feed are greatly reduced, wherein the total amount of the volatiles accounts for more caryophyllene, piperitone, farnesene and terpinolene, and is obviously reduced; meanwhile, a large amount of acid and alcohol volatile matters with acid fragrance are generated by the invention. The marigold stems and leaves obtained by the method have greatly reduced original pungent odor, and are replaced by comfortable acid and fragrant odor. 2. The marigold stem leaf byproduct provided by the invention solves the problem of resource utilization of marigold planting industry waste, can completely replace whole corn silage in beef cattle breeding, reduces the land for planting silage corn, can extend the industrial chain of marigold planting industry, increases the income of farmers, and saves the cost of beef cattle breeding feed.
Detailed description of the preferred embodimentso that the technical spirit and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, the applicant intends to make a detailed description of the invention by way of example, but the description of the example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any equivalent changes made according to the inventive concept, which are merely in form and not substantial, should be construed as a limitation of the scope of the invention.
The test reagent consumables used in the following examples are all conventional biochemical reagents unless otherwise specified; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the percentages are mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: the method for removing the pungent odor of the marigold stems and leaves comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting stems and leaves of marigold picked up commodity flowers, mechanically pulverizing to 1-3cm, and air drying outdoors to reduce water content to 65%; (2) the preparation method of the composite fermentation inoculant comprises the following specific steps: (2-1) mixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain a fermentation microbial agent, wherein the mixing mass percentage is as follows: 45% of lactic acid bacteria, 15% of bacillus licheniformis, 30% of bacillus subtilis and 10% of lactobacillus acidophilus, (2-2) mixing the leavening agent, molasses and water obtained in the step (2-1) to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture is as follows: 1: 4: and 5, fermenting the mixture at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the compound fermentation inoculant. (3) Then adding 0.5 percent of zymophyte agent according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves; (4) continuously adding 6 percent of corn flour according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves; (5) fully mixing marigold stems and leaves, the composite fermentation inoculant and the corn flour according to a ratio, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; (6) and (3) filling the mixture into a silage silo for 30 days, and smelling the acid aroma to obtain the marigold stem leaf feed which is free of pungent odor and has comfortable acid aroma.
Example 2: the method for removing the odor of the stems and leaves of marigold comprises the following steps: (1) harvesting stems and leaves of marigold which have been picked up commodity flowers, mechanically pulverizing to 1-3cm, and air-drying outdoors to reduce the water content to 70%; (2) the preparation method of the composite fermentation inoculant comprises the following specific steps: (2-1) mixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain a fermentation microbial agent, wherein the mixing mass percentage is as follows: 35% of lactic acid bacteria, 20% of bacillus licheniformis, 27% of bacillus subtilis and 18% of lactobacillus acidophilus, (2-2) mixing the leavening agent, molasses and water obtained in the step (2-1) to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture is as follows: 1: 4: and 5, fermenting the mixture at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the compound fermentation inoculant. (3) Then adding 1% of zymophyte agent according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves; (4) continuously adding 8% of corn flour according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves; (5) fully mixing marigold stems and leaves, the composite fermentation inoculant and the corn flour according to a ratio, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; (6) and (3) filling the mixture into a silage silo for 30 days, and smelling the acid aroma to obtain the marigold stem leaf feed which is free of pungent odor and has comfortable acid aroma.
Example 3: the method for removing the odor of the stems and leaves of marigold comprises the following steps: (1) harvesting stems and leaves of marigold picked up commodity flowers, mechanically pulverizing to 1-3cm, and air drying outdoors to reduce water content to 68%; (2) the preparation method of the composite fermentation inoculant comprises the following specific steps: (2-1) mixing lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus to obtain a fermentation microbial agent, wherein the mixing mass percentage is as follows: 40% of lactic acid bacteria, 17% of bacillus licheniformis, 35% of bacillus subtilis and 8% of lactobacillus acidophilus, (2-2) mixing the leavening agent, molasses and water obtained in the step (2-1) to obtain a mixture, wherein the mass ratio of the mixture is as follows: 1: 4: and 5, fermenting the mixture at 30 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the compound fermentation inoculant. (3) Then adding 1% of zymophyte agent according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves; (4) continuously adding 10% of corn flour according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves; (5) fully mixing marigold stems and leaves, the composite fermentation inoculant and the corn flour according to a ratio, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; (6) and (3) filling the mixture into a silage silo for 30 days, and smelling the acid aroma to obtain the marigold stem leaf feed which is free of pungent odor and has comfortable acid aroma.
Comparative example 1
Harvesting stems and leaves of marigold collected with commodity flowers, airing outdoors to reduce the water content to 65%, and mechanically pulverizing to 1-3cm for later use.
Comparative example 2
Harvesting stems and leaves of marigold which have been picked up commodity flowers, airing outdoors to reduce the water content to 65%, mechanically crushing to 1-3cm, filling with a special silage bag, compacting, sealing, and fermenting for 30 days to obtain the marigold stem and leaf silage.
Volatile matter detection:
representative samples were taken from comparative example 1, comparative example 2, example 1 and example 2 and the volatile changes in marigold stems and leaves before and after fermentation were determined under laboratory conditions using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) techniques and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 change in the content of main volatile matters in the stems and leaves of Tagetes erecta before and after fermentation (%)
As can be seen from Table 1, the terpene volatiles content is lowest in example 2, and the examples 1 and 3 are followed, which shows that the terpene volatiles can be effectively reduced and acids and alcohols can be produced by adding the complex fermentation inoculant and the corn meal, wherein the effect is best in example 2.
Palatability testing:
beef cattle weighing 320.00 + -25.00 kg are randomly divided into six groups in the embodiment, each group contains 9 beef cattle, the beef cattle are fed in a way of dividing the groups into columns and are subjected to palatability test, and the test period is 10 days. The concentrated feed of each group of beef cattle is consistent, and the coarse feed of the control group is whole-plant corn silage. The rate of feed intake (feed intake during 30min in the morning) and daily feed intake of the beef cattle were recorded. The daily feed intake is the feed supply amount-the feed remaining amount, and the feed intake rate is the feed intake/feed intake time, and the measurement results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of fermented marigold stems and leaves on the feed intake rate and feed intake of beef cattle
As can be seen from Table 2, in comparative example 1, the cattle were refused to eat and the feed intake was zero; comparative example 2, poor palatability, with a small intake; the highest feed intake rate and feed intake were obtained in example 2, followed by example 3, indicating that palatability was superior to whole corn silage.
Claims (8)
1. The composite fermentation inoculant is characterized by comprising the following raw materials of mixed bacteria, molasses and water, wherein the mixed bacteria comprise the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 35-45% of lactic acid bacteria, 15-20% of bacillus licheniformis, 25-35% of bacillus subtilis and 8-18% of lactobacillus acidophilus.
2. The complex fermentation inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the bioactivity of the lactic acid bacteria is not less than 1.0 x 105CFU/g, Bacillus licheniformis bioactivityNot less than 1.0X 107CFU/g, the biological activity of the bacillus subtilis is not less than 1.0 multiplied by 106CFU/g, Lactobacillus acidophilus bioactivity not less than 1.0 × 108CFU/g。
3. The composite fermentation inoculant according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the mixed inoculant to the molasses to the water is 1: 4: 5.
4. the method for preparing any one of the compound fermentation inoculant according to claims 1-3, wherein lactic acid bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus are mixed according to a mass ratio to obtain mixed bacteria, then the mixed bacteria are mixed with molasses and water according to a mass ratio, and the obtained mixture is fermented at 30 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the compound fermentation inoculant.
5. The marigold stem leaf feed with the acid aroma smell is characterized by comprising crushed marigold stem leaves, a compound zymophyte agent accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass ratio of the crushed marigold stem leaves and corn flour accounting for 6-10% of the mass ratio of the crushed marigold stem leaves.
6. A preparation method of marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma smell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) harvesting stems and leaves of marigold which have picked commodity flowers, mechanically crushing the stems and leaves to 1-3cm, and airing the stems and leaves outdoors to reduce the water content to 65-70%;
(2) adding 0.5-1% of the compound zymophyte agent prepared by the method of claim 4 according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves;
(3) adding 6-10% of corn flour according to the weight of the crushed marigold stems and leaves;
(4) fully mixing marigold stems and leaves, the composite fermentation inoculant and the corn flour according to a ratio, and stirring uniformly to obtain a mixture; and filling the mixture into a silage silo for 30 days to obtain the marigold stem leaf feed with acid and fragrant smell.
7. An application of marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma smell is characterized in that the feed is applied to feeding ruminants.
8. The use of marigold stem leaf feed with acid aroma according to claim 7, characterized in that the feed is used for beef cattle breeding.
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- 2020-11-06 CN CN202011233793.3A patent/CN112335786A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
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| CN105248864A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-20 | 广西武宣金泰丰农业科技发展有限公司 | Mulberry straw silage and preparation method thereof |
| CN105661011A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-06-15 | 重庆民泰香料化工有限责任公司 | Functional bio-protein feed ferment and fermented protein feed |
| CN106306426A (en) * | 2016-08-20 | 2017-01-11 | 裕龙农牧科技股份有限公司 | Novel process for corn silage |
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