CN112321282B - 一种高强度氧化镁坩埚及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度氧化镁坩埚及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112321282B
CN112321282B CN202011222630.5A CN202011222630A CN112321282B CN 112321282 B CN112321282 B CN 112321282B CN 202011222630 A CN202011222630 A CN 202011222630A CN 112321282 B CN112321282 B CN 112321282B
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crucible
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magnesium oxide
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逯红果
马中钢
李化坤
田立敏
王光华
贾成建
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SHANDONG ROITIE NEW MATERIAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种坩埚,具体涉及一种高强度氧化镁坩埚及其制备方法。所述坩埚按质量百分比计,由如下原料制备而成:γ‑氧化铝粉18~24%、电熔氧化镁72~80%、石灰粉(CaO)1~2%和三水铝矿1~2%。(1)将原料调配在一起,边搅拌混合边喷水,得混合料;(2)将混合料放置在模具中压制成试块;(3)将试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;(4)烘烤完成后,炉冷到室温;(5)将试块取出,机械破碎;(6)将5~10%高岭黏土、3~5%硼酸、1~3%的水和制备好的0.5~1mm颗粒充分混合后,夯制成氧化镁坩埚,高温烘烤处理。本发明制备方法简单易行,制备了一种致密度高、耐侵蚀、耐冲刷、抗热震性优异的高强度氧化镁坩埚。

Description

一种高强度氧化镁坩埚及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种坩埚,具体涉及一种高强度氧化镁坩埚及其制备方法。
背景技术
铸造高温合金行业主要采用真空感应炉进行生产,采用真空感应炉的好处是便于控制、调节金属熔液的温度、化学成分和真空度。真空感应炉坩埚是盛装金属熔液的容器,与金属熔液直接接触。熔炼时受金属熔液的冲刷、钢液侵蚀以及清理坩埚壁上夹杂物时容易对坩埚壁产生危害,主要危害有裂纹、局部侵蚀、剥落等。因此,如何获得具有较高的致密度、强度值、耐冲刷、耐急冷急热等性能的长寿命炉衬是各铸造高温合金企业关注的主要问题之一。
铸造高温合金行业的真空感应炉炉衬一般用氧化钙坩埚、氧化镁坩埚、氧化铝坩埚,成型方法为捣打成型或等静压成型。200KG以上熔炼炉大型坩埚主要采用捣打成型方式,而200KG以下熔炼炉主要采用等静压成型方式。目前的感应电炉坩埚使用寿命一般在100炉左右,存在的主要问题是:坩埚经过长期使用,坩埚壁出现裂纹,需要不时进行修补,不仅影响生产效率,而且脱落的材料会污染钢液,降低钢液的纯净度。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种致密度高、耐侵蚀、耐冲刷、抗热震性优异的高强度氧化镁坩埚,本发明同时提供其制备方法,科学合理,简单易行。
本发明所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚,按质量百分比计,由如下原料制备而成:
γ-氧化铝粉18~24%、电熔氧化镁72~80%、石灰粉(CaO)1~2%和三水铝矿1~2%。
其中:
优选地,所述的γ-氧化铝粉直径为20~100nm,γ-氧化铝≥99.5%。
采用γ-氧化铝的原因:γ型氧化铝不溶于水,能溶于强酸或强碱溶液,将它加热至1200℃就全部转化为α型氧化铝。γ型氧化铝是一种多孔性物质,每克的内表面积高达数百平方米,可以增加坩埚的致密度,使其具有良好的耐压性。
优选地,所述的电熔氧化镁颗粒直径分为两类,直径1.0~0.5mm:0.1~0.45mm=6:4,MgO纯度≥99.9%。
优选地,所述的石灰粉直径≤0.5mm。
优选地,所述的三水铝矿直径≤1mm。
采用三水铝矿原因:三水铝矿直径较小,能够提高孔隙率,增加氧化镁坩埚的致密度,同时,在高温的情况下生成α型氧化铝,提高氧化镁坩埚的强度。
本发明所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将γ-氧化铝粉、电熔氧化镁、石灰粉和三水铝矿调配在一起,边搅拌混合边喷水,保持湿度在25-30%,得混合料;
(2)将混合料放置在模具中压制成试块;
(3)将试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为:5~6℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h;然后以1~3℃/min升温至1250℃;
(4)烘烤完成后,炉冷到室温;
(5)将试块取出,机械破碎,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm;
(6)将5~10%高岭黏土、3~5%硼酸、1~3%的水和制备好的0.5~1mm颗粒充分混合后,夯制成氧化镁坩埚,然后进行高温烘烤处理。
优选地,步骤(2)中,所述的模具长度25厘米,宽度为20厘米,厚度为5厘米。
优选地,步骤(6)中,所述的高岭黏土的化学成分为:Al2O3 29.5-30.0%、Fe2O38.5-9.0%、TiO2 1.0-1.3%、K2O 1.2-1.5%、Na2O 0.5-0.6%、CaO 0.2-0.4%、MgO 0.5-1.0%、余量为SiO2,灼减率10.0-12.0%。
优选地,步骤(6)中,所述的高岭黏土的用量为7.5%。
优选地,步骤(6)中,所述的高温烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过高温烧结制备高强度氧化镁坩埚,工艺及设备简单、生产效率高,高温烧结过程中形成大量的铝-铬尖晶石和莫来石,使坩埚强度高、耐冲刷和侵蚀性能极好。
(2)本发明利用高温预烧结过程中,γ-氧化铝、MgO发生化学反应生成大量的尖晶石、莫来石,然后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒与5~10%高岭黏土、3~5%硼酸、1~3%的水充分混合,经过高温烘烤,使坩埚形成玻璃化,降低孔隙率,提高了致密度,极大改善坩埚的强度和抗侵蚀性能。
(3)本发明利用高岭黏土具有较好的塑形,与γ-氧化铝、MgO生成物混合烧结,在提高坩埚强度的同时,使其增加韧性,显著提高了坩埚的热震稳定性。
(4)本发明制备的坩埚使用过程中坩埚内壁材料不易产生横向裂纹和纵向裂纹,较少补炉次数,显著提高坩埚使用寿命。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例中用到的所有原料除特殊说明外,均为市购。
实施例1
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉18%、电熔氧化镁80%、石灰粉(CaO)1%、三水铝矿1%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与8%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤。
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为6℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以1℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)将制备好的0.5~1mm颗粒,与8%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后进行夯制成氧化镁坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
实施例2
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉24%、电熔氧化镁72%、石灰粉(CaO)2%、三水铝矿2%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与8%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为5℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以3℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与8%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
实施例3
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与8%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为5.5℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以2℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与8%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
实施例4
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为5.5℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以2℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
实施例5
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与10%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为5.5℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以2℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与10%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
实施例6
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与7.5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为5.5℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以2℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与7.5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
对比例1(确定高岭黏土的作用)
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先称混合好配料加水,混合搅拌均匀,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)将混合好的搅拌料研制成块状,静止一段时间,放入马弗炉中进行烘烤;
(3)将压制好的试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为5.5℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h,然后以2℃/min升温至1250℃;试块在马弗炉中烘烤完成后,以炉冷的方式冷却到室温;
(4)将炉冷后的试块取出,进行机械破碎处理,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm之间。
(5)研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
通过对比选取最优成分配比为:各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%;烘烤完成后,研制成0.5~1mm颗粒后与7.5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤处理。
对比例2(确定采用马弗炉烘烤对氧化镁坩埚的影响)
所述的坩埚,各组分的质量百分比为:γ-氧化铝粉21%、电熔氧化镁76%、石灰粉(CaO)1.5%、三水铝矿1.5%,未采用马弗炉进行烘烤成型,充分混合后,与7.5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水充分混合后夯制成坩埚,然后进行烘烤坩埚处理。
坩埚的制备过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)先按比例混合好配料,然后加入7.5%高岭黏土、4%硼酸、2%的水混合处理,不停的搅拌,防止混合料结块,影响使用。
(2)混合完成后进行夯制成坩埚,按照烘烤工艺进行高温烘烤处理。
烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
上述实施例1-3制备的氧化镁坩埚的性能指标如表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0002762605520000061
Figure BDA0002762605520000071
上述实施例4-6和对比例1制备的氧化镁坩埚的性能指标如表2所示。
表2
性能指标 实施例4 实施例5 实施例6 对比例1
孔隙率 18 13 17 28
抗压强度MPa 48 23 39 47
使用次数 176 182 195 118
上述对实施例6与对比例2制备的氧化镁坩埚的性能指标如表3所示。
表3
性能指标 实施例6 对比例2
孔隙率 17 31
抗压强度MPa 39 46
使用次数 195 117

Claims (5)

1.一种高强度氧化镁坩埚,其特征在于:所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将γ-氧化铝粉、电熔氧化镁、石灰粉和三水铝矿调配在一起,边搅拌混合边喷水,保持湿度在25-30%,得混合料;
(2)将混合料放置在模具中压制成试块;
(3)将试块放入马弗炉中进行烘烤,烘烤温度控制在1250℃,保持时间为120分钟;马弗炉的升温设置方式为:5~6℃/min,升温至900℃时,保温1h;然后以1~3℃/min升温至1250℃;
(4)烘烤完成后,炉冷到室温;
(5)将试块取出,机械破碎,使颗粒直径控制在0.5~1mm;
(6)将5~10%高岭黏土、3~5%硼酸、1~3%的水和制备好的0.5~1mm颗粒充分混合后,夯制成氧化镁坩埚,然后进行高温烘烤处理;
按质量百分比计,所述的混合料由如下原料制备而成:
γ-氧化铝粉18~24%、电熔氧化镁72~80%、石灰粉1~2%和三水铝矿1~2%;
所述的γ-氧化铝粉直径为20~100nm,γ-氧化铝≥99.5%;
所述的电熔氧化镁颗粒直径分为两类,直径1.0~0.5mm:0.1~0.45mm=6:4,MgO纯度≥99.9%;
所述的石灰粉直径≤0.5mm;
所述的三水铝矿直径≤1mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述的模具长度25厘米,宽度为20厘米,厚度为5厘米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述的高岭黏土的化学成分为:Al2O3 29.5-30.0%、Fe2O3 8.5-9.0%、TiO2 1.0-1.3%、K2O 1.2-1.5%、Na2O0.5-0.6%、CaO 0.2-0.4%、MgO 0.5-1.0%、余量为SiO2,灼减率10.0-12.0%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述的高岭黏土的用量为7.5%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高强度氧化镁坩埚,其特征在于:步骤(6)中,所述的高温烘烤工艺如下:40kW-120min;60kW-60min;80kW-60min;100kW-60min;220kW-30min;260kW-30min;300kW-30min。
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