CN112318972A - 一种无纺布复合板的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种无纺布复合板的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112318972A
CN112318972A CN202011288650.2A CN202011288650A CN112318972A CN 112318972 A CN112318972 A CN 112318972A CN 202011288650 A CN202011288650 A CN 202011288650A CN 112318972 A CN112318972 A CN 112318972A
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woven fabric
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fluororubber
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王向
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，所述无纺布复合板由基材、无纺布芯层、热塑性塑料膜和氟橡胶层构成；所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将所述无纺布芯层铺设在所述基材上，然后在所述无纺布芯层上铺设所述热塑性塑料膜，最后将所述氟橡胶层铺设在所述热塑性塑料膜上，形成复合层结构；将上述复合层结构经过150‑200℃烘焙塑化，然后在180‑250℃热压成型，最后经辊筒温度40‑50℃的压辊冷却，制备得到上述无纺布复合板；所述氟橡胶层中的氟橡胶为具有耐磨耐温效果的氟橡胶。本发明提供的无纺布复合板具有轻质、高强度、耐磨耐温、吸水防渗等。

Description

一种无纺布复合板的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布领域，具体而言涉及一种无纺布复合板的制备方法。
背景技术
无纺布材料种类很多，根据不同用途应选择不同使用性能的材料。聚丙烯(PP)作为一种常见的无纺布纤维材料，广泛应用于医用卫生领域。聚丙烯无纺布具有耐磨性好，变形恢复性强，耐腐蚀性好，防霉、价廉、密度较低等优点。但是相对于其他无纺布材料(聚酯、聚酰胺纤维等)，聚丙烯易老化，不吸湿且相对强度较低。通过对聚丙烯(PP)进行改性处理，提高聚丙烯性能，实现聚丙烯材料的高性能化。目前，聚丙烯增强改性方式已有数十种，其中共混法是最为简便且卓有成效，通过与热塑性弹性体、无机粒子、纤维等填料共混，达到增强PP性能的目的。PP增韧改性，是实现聚丙烯塑料高性能化和功能化的一种主要手段，其中，最有效且经济的增韧方式就是通过熔融共混在聚丙烯基体中引入柔性高分子材料(例如橡胶)。经增韧处理的复合材料，在受到一定的外力作用时，能够引发柔性微晶粒附近基体形成“银纹”，使大分子链产生粘弹形变吸收大量冲击功，从而使基体的韧性得到大幅提高。但这一方法也存在很大的缺陷，虽然分散相柔性高分子材料提高了基体的韧性，但往往也是以牺牲聚丙烯其他方面的优异性能为代价(强度下降)，普通热塑性弹性体很难达到既提高聚丙烯韧性又增加其强度的目的。
无纺布材料目前已经广泛应用于工业、生活等各个领域，发泡聚丙烯是综合性能先进的泡沫塑料，具有韧性优异和耐热温度高的优点，同时具有其它十分优异的性能，其突出优点是：(1)耐热性高，耐热温度可达120℃；(2)优良的回弹性与韧性，弹性模量达1.50GPa，保证了产品良好的挺性；(3)闭孔结构使其具备了优良的隔热性能，热导率在0.06W/MK左右；(4)塑化加工温度低，可与其他片材进行层压贴合、焊接和粘接，形成双层或三层夹心复合板材；(5)可适合热塑模压二次成型工艺，并且能锯、钉和打孔；(6)属于环保性绿色材料，耐化学腐蚀，并且不含有毒物质、无异味；因此发泡聚丙烯特别是复合后非常适合用作隔热材料和缓冲吸能材料。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种轻质、高强度、耐磨耐温、吸水防渗的无纺布复合板。
本发明解决技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，所述无纺布复合板由基材、无纺布芯层、热塑性塑料膜和氟橡胶层构成；所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将所述无纺布芯层铺设在所述基材上，然后在所述无纺布芯层上铺设所述热塑性塑料膜，最后将所述氟橡胶层铺设在所述热塑性塑料膜上，形成复合层结构；将上述复合层结构经过150-200℃烘焙塑化，然后在180-250℃热压成型，最后经辊筒温度40-50℃的压辊冷却，制备得到上述无纺布复合板；所述氟橡胶层中的氟橡胶为具有耐磨耐温效果的氟橡胶，所述氟橡胶层主要由氟橡胶生胶、吸酸剂、氢氧化钙、补强填料、增塑剂、硫化剂、促进剂、有机蜡、氟硅烷酯、二氧化锆、石墨烯经热捏合、混炼而成。
进一步地，所述基材是以涤纶纤维、丙纶纤维为材料，铺设而成的混合纤维层；所述基材的厚度为0.1～2cm。
进一步地，所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为30～40％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为60～70％。
进一步地，所述无纺布芯层采用混合玻璃纤维、高吸水树脂与聚丙烯纤维共混，经过开松、梳理、铺网、针刺、成型针刺制得；所述混合玻璃纤维包括玻璃纤维、竹纤维、陶瓷纤维；所述无纺布芯层的厚度为0.1～1cm。
进一步地，所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的5～25w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的1～15w.t.％。
进一步地，按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为60～80％；所述竹纤维的用量为10～20％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为10～20％。
进一步地，所述高吸水树脂为聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂，所述聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂的返渗量低于2.0g/g。
进一步地，所述的热塑性塑料膜为PE膜、PET膜、PP膜、OPP膜、BOPP膜、EVA膜、EAA膜中的任意一种。
进一步地，所述氟橡胶层中各组分的用量按重量份数计为，氟橡胶生胶100份、吸酸剂8～10份、氢氧化钙5～8份、补强填料10～20份、增塑剂4～6份、硫化剂2～4份、促进剂0.2～1份、有机蜡1～3份、氟硅烷酯8～15份、二氧化锆5～12份、石墨烯5～10份；所述氟橡胶层的厚度为0.05～0.5cm。
本发明的有益效果是：与现有技术中相比，本发明制备的复合板的无纺布芯层中，混合玻璃纤维被聚丙烯树脂粘连并保持着压缩卷曲状态，加热成型时，随着聚丙烯树脂的熔融，混合玻璃纤维克服熔体粘接力而得以伸展，表现为板材膨胀。在热压成型时无纺布芯层中玻璃纤维取向，使芯层经历一次膨胀及再压缩过程，由此得到的层压板内部结构较为蓬松，导热系数低，具有很好的隔热性能；另外，位于芯层内部的无方向玻璃纤维与位于芯层表面的有取向玻璃纤维使材料同时具有高刚度和低单位面积重量的特点。无纺布芯层内还包括高吸水树脂，芯层在经历膨胀、压缩，内部结构蓬松的过程中，也利于高吸水树脂颗粒在无纺布芯层内部的蓬松空隙内分散均匀，本申请中使用的高吸水树脂的返渗量很低，使得到的无纺布复合板具有很好的吸水性能，且随着时间的延长，其返渗情况不明显。复合板的表层为氟橡胶层，本申请中采用的氟橡胶具有很好的耐温耐磨效果，使得到的无纺布复合板更加耐用，更适用于一些需要耐温耐磨的使用场所。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例来进一步说明本发明。但这些实例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，所述无纺布复合板由基材、无纺布芯层、热塑性塑料膜和氟橡胶层构成；所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将所述无纺布芯层铺设在所述基材上，然后在所述无纺布芯层上铺设所述热塑性塑料膜，最后将所述氟橡胶层铺设在所述热塑性塑料膜上，形成复合层结构；将上述复合层结构经过150-200℃烘焙塑化，然后在180-250℃热压成型，最后经辊筒温度40-50℃的压辊冷却，制备得到上述无纺布复合板。
所述基材是以涤纶纤维、丙纶纤维为材料，铺设而成的混合纤维层；所述基材的厚度为0.5cm。所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为30％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为70％。
所述无纺布芯层采用混合玻璃纤维、高吸水树脂与聚丙烯纤维共混，经过开松、梳理、铺网、针刺、成型针刺制得；所述混合玻璃纤维包括玻璃纤维、竹纤维、陶瓷纤维；所述无纺布芯层的厚度为0.4cm。
所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的5w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的5w.t.％。按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为60％；所述竹纤维的用量为20％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为20％。
所述高吸水树脂为聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂，所述聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂的返渗量低于2.0g/g。
所述的热塑性塑料膜为PE膜。
所述氟橡胶层中各组分的用量按重量份数计为，氟橡胶生胶100份、吸酸剂9份、氢氧化钙6份、补强填料12份、增塑剂5份、硫化剂3份、促进剂0.5份、有机蜡1份、氟硅烷酯15份、二氧化锆5份、石墨烯8份；所述氟橡胶层的厚度为0.1cm。
实施例2
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，制备方法与实施例1相同。区别的是，所述基材的厚度为1cm。所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为35％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为65％。所述无纺布芯层的厚度为0.6cm。
所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的10w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的8w.t.％。按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为65％；所述竹纤维的用量为17％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为18％。；所述氟橡胶层的厚度为0.3cm。
实施例3
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，制备方法与实施例1相同。区别的是，所述基材的厚度为1.5cm。所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为38％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为62％。所述无纺布芯层的厚度为0.8cm。
所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的12w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的10w.t.％。按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为70％；所述竹纤维的用量为15％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为15％。
实施例4
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，制备方法与实施例1相同。区别的是，所述基材的厚度为1.5cm。所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为40％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为60％。所述无纺布芯层的厚度为0.8cm。
所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的20w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的12w.t.％。按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为75％；所述竹纤维的用量为10％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为15％。
实施例5
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，制备方法与实施例1相同。区别的是，所述基材的厚度为2cm。所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为40％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为60％。所述无纺布芯层的厚度为1cm。
所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的25w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的15w.t.％。按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为80％；所述竹纤维的用量为10％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为10％。
对比例1
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其余制备方法同实施例1；区别在于，本对比例的无纺布芯层中不添加高吸水树脂。
对比例2
一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其余制备方法同实施例1；区别在于，本对比例中不包括氟橡胶层。
上述实施例1-5和对比例1-2中得到的各无纺布复合板的性能测试结果如下表1所示。
表1
Figure BDA0002783192660000071
Figure BDA0002783192660000081
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴，本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述无纺布复合板由基材、无纺布芯层、热塑性塑料膜和氟橡胶层构成；所述制备方法包括以下步骤：将所述无纺布芯层铺设在所述基材上，然后在所述无纺布芯层上铺设所述热塑性塑料膜，最后将所述氟橡胶层铺设在所述热塑性塑料膜上，形成复合层结构；将上述复合层结构经过150-200℃烘焙塑化，然后在180-250℃热压成型，最后经辊筒温度40-50℃的压辊冷却，制备得到上述无纺布复合板；所述氟橡胶层中的氟橡胶为具有耐磨耐温效果的氟橡胶，所述氟橡胶层主要由氟橡胶生胶、吸酸剂、氢氧化钙、补强填料、增塑剂、硫化剂、促进剂、有机蜡、氟硅烷酯、二氧化锆、石墨烯经热捏合、混炼而成。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述基材是以涤纶纤维、丙纶纤维为材料，铺设而成的混合纤维层；所述基材的厚度为0.1～2cm。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述基材中，所述涤纶纤维的质量百分比为30～40％，所述丙纶纤维的质量百分比为60～70％。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述无纺布芯层采用混合玻璃纤维、高吸水树脂与聚丙烯纤维共混，经过开松、梳理、铺网、针刺、成型针刺制得；所述混合玻璃纤维包括玻璃纤维、竹纤维、陶瓷纤维；所述无纺布芯层的厚度为0.1～1cm。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述无纺布芯层中，所述混合玻璃纤维的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的5～25w.t.％；所述高吸水树脂的添加量占所述聚丙烯纤维用量的1～15w.t.％。
6.如权利要求4或5所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：按质量百分比计，所述混合玻璃纤维中，所述玻璃纤维的用量为60～80％；所述竹纤维的用量为10～20％；所述陶瓷纤维的用量为10～20％。
7.如权利要求4或5所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述高吸水树脂为聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂，所述聚丙烯酸系高吸水树脂的返渗量低于2.0g/g。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述的热塑性塑料膜为PE膜、PET膜、PP膜、OPP膜、BOPP膜、EVA膜、EAA膜中的任意一种。
9.如权利要求1所述的一种无纺布复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：所述氟橡胶层中各组分的用量按重量份数计为，氟橡胶生胶100份、吸酸剂8～10份、氢氧化钙5～8份、补强填料10～20份、增塑剂4～6份、硫化剂2～4份、促进剂0.2～1份、有机蜡1～3份、氟硅烷酯8～15份、二氧化锆5～12份、石墨烯5～10份；所述氟橡胶层的厚度为0.05～0.5cm。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113290953A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-08-24 衡水中裕铁信防水技术有限公司 一种高强度易粘接型防水板
CN114621542A (zh) * 2022-04-11 2022-06-14 江苏千富之丰科技有限公司 一种含有硅烷氟酯的氟橡胶组合物

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113290953A (zh) * 2021-05-06 2021-08-24 衡水中裕铁信防水技术有限公司 一种高强度易粘接型防水板
CN114621542A (zh) * 2022-04-11 2022-06-14 江苏千富之丰科技有限公司 一种含有硅烷氟酯的氟橡胶组合物
CN114621542B (zh) * 2022-04-11 2023-04-07 江苏千富之丰科技有限公司 一种含有硅烷氟酯的氟橡胶组合物

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