CN112305294A - Two-section type resistance network and digital-to-analog converter based on two-section type resistance network - Google Patents

Two-section type resistance network and digital-to-analog converter based on two-section type resistance network Download PDF

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CN112305294A
CN112305294A CN202011154989.3A CN202011154989A CN112305294A CN 112305294 A CN112305294 A CN 112305294A CN 202011154989 A CN202011154989 A CN 202011154989A CN 112305294 A CN112305294 A CN 112305294A
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resistor
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connecting end
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CN112305294B (en
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陈俊宇
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Southchip Semiconductor Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
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Abstract

A two-section resistance network and digital-to-analog converter based on the two-section resistance network, the two-section resistance network includes cascaded 2MThe first connecting end of a first resistor in the first resistor module is connected with the first connecting end of the first resistor module, the second connecting end of the first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the first resistor module after passing through the first switch, and the two ends of the first switch are respectively connected with reference voltage through the second switch and grounded through the third switch; 2 nd (2)MThe first resistor of the first resistor module comprises 2LA second resistor connected in series and respectively connected at 2L2 between the second connection of the second resistor and the outputLA fourth switch. The D/A converter divides the N-bit digital signal into two parts of high M bit and low L bit, N is M + L, the high M-bit digital signal is decoded and then controlled 2MA switch in the first resistor module, a low L-bit digital signal is decoded and then controlled 2LA fourth switch. Compared with a simple resistor string DAC, the invention inherits the monotonic characteristic but greatly reduces the switch number.

Description

Two-section type resistance network and digital-to-analog converter based on two-section type resistance network
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of integrated circuits and analog circuits, and relates to a two-section type resistance network and a high-precision digital-to-analog converter formed based on the two-section type resistance network.
Background
The resistor network is an important component of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and has a great influence on power consumption, area, precision and other aspects of the DAC, and the existing high-precision DAC has various architectures, such as: a resistor string architecture and an R2R architecture, both of which are analog circuits employing digital control logic.
Fig. 1 shows a DAC formed by a resistor network with a simple resistor string architecture, which has a good monotonic characteristic but is not suitable for high resolution DAC applications. As can be seen from FIG. 1, for an N-bit resistor string DAC, there is 2NA series connection of resistors, requiring 21+22+……+2N＝2N+12 switches, at a minimum also requiring 2 of the leftmost columnNAnd the number of the switches is in exponential relation with the resolution. If a 10-bit DAC is to be implemented, at least 1024 switches are required, which imposes high requirements on both area and layout work.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a schematic structural diagram of the R2R ladder resistor network DAC, each bit resolution of the R2R ladder resistor network DAC is implemented by a set of 1R resistor, 2R resistor and switch, where the switch control signals 0 and 1 represent the control of the corresponding switch to be normally on and normally off, and the switch control signal D represents the control of the corresponding switch to be normally off and normally on0And D0Z、D1And D1Z、……、DN-1And D(N-1)ZThe switches are switched between reference voltage and ground by N pairs of mutually inverted signals generated by N-bit input digital codes. The R2R ladder resistance network DAC can work in a binary weighting mode, the area and the layout are greatly simplified, the monotonicity is poor, and non-monotonous points are easy to appear at Full Range/2 (namely at a half Full scale Range). The monotonicity of the DAC means that when the input signal of the digital-to-analog converter is within its full scale range, the analog output signal does not decrease between one conversion step and the next.
It can be seen that the digital-to-analog converter formed by the two resistor networks cannot balance the requirements of area and precision.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the digital-to-analog converters of the traditional resistor string framework and the R2R framework cannot realize high precision and small area at the same time, the invention provides a two-section type resistor network, which greatly reduces the number of switches and greatly reduces the area and layout workload compared with the resistor network of the resistor string framework; the digital-to-analog converter designed based on the two-section resistor network greatly inherits the monotonous characteristic of a simple resistor string DAC and has the characteristic of high precision.
The technical scheme of the two-section type resistance network provided by the invention is as follows:
a two-stage resistor network comprises cascaded 2MM is a positive integer, the first connecting end of the ith first resistance module is connected with the second connecting end of the (i + 1) th first resistance module, i is a positive integer and belongs to the field of [1,2 ]M-1](ii) a 2 nd (2)MThe first connecting end of each first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the 1 st first resistor module;
the first resistance module comprises a first resistance, a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, wherein a first connecting end of the first resistance is connected with a first connecting end of the first resistance module, a second connecting end of the first resistance module is connected with a second connecting end of the first resistance module after passing through the first switch, the second switch is connected between the first connecting end of the first switch and a reference voltage, and the third switch is connected between the second connecting end of the first switch and a ground level;
wherein 2 ndMThe first resistor of the first resistor module is composed of a low-order resistor unit including 2LA second resistor and 2LA plurality of fourth switches, wherein L is a positive integer, the second connecting end of the jth second resistor is connected with the first connecting end of the (j + 1) th second resistor and is connected with the output end of the two-section resistor network after passing through the jth fourth switch, j is a positive integer and belongs to [1,2 ]L-1](ii) a The first connection end of the 1 st second resistor is connected with the first connection end of the low-order resistor unit, and the 2 nd second resistor is connected with the second connection end of the low-order resistor unitLThe second connecting end of the second resistor is connected with the second connecting end of the low-order resistor unit and passes through the No. 2LAnd the fourth switch is connected with the output end of the two-section type resistance network.
The technical scheme of the digital-to-analog converter designed based on the two-section type resistance network provided by the invention is as follows:
a digital-to-analog converter based on two-section resistance network can convert N-bit digital signals into corresponding analog signals, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1; dividing the N-bit digital signal into a high M bit part and a low L bit part, wherein M and L are positive integers, and M + L is equal to N;
the digital-to-analog converter comprises a first decoder, a second decoder and a two-section resistor network,
the two-stage resistor network comprises cascaded 2MThe first connecting end of the ith first resistance module is connected with the second connecting end of the (i + 1) th first resistance module, i is a positive integer and belongs to the [1,2 ]M-1](ii) a 2 nd (2)MThe first connecting end of each first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the 1 st first resistor module;
the first resistance module comprises a first resistance, a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, wherein a first connecting end of the first resistance is connected with a first connecting end of the first resistance module, a second connecting end of the first resistance module is connected with a second connecting end of the first resistance module after passing through the first switch, the second switch is connected between the first connecting end of the first switch and a reference voltage, and the third switch is connected between the second connecting end of the first switch and a ground level;
wherein 2 ndMThe first resistor of the first resistor module is composed of a low-order resistor unit including 2LA second resistor and 2LA second connecting end of the jth second resistor is connected with the first connecting end of the (j + 1) th second resistor and is connected with the output end of the digital-to-analog converter after passing through the jth fourth switch, j is a positive integer and belongs to [1,2 ]L-1](ii) a The first connection end of the 1 st second resistor is connected with the first connection end of the low-order resistor unit, and the 2 nd second resistor is connected with the second connection end of the low-order resistor unitLThe second connecting end of the second resistor is connected with the second connecting end of the low-order resistor unit and passes through the No. 2LThe fourth switch is connected with the output end of the digital-to-analog converter;
the first decoder is used for decoding according to the high M-bit digital signal to obtain 2MA high control signal for controlling the 2MA first resistance module for obtaining the 2 obtained by decoding each timeMA heightOne and only one of the high-level control signals is in a first state, the other high-level control signals are in a second state, the high-level control signal in the first state controls the corresponding first switch in the first resistance module to be switched off, the second switch and the third switch to be switched on, and the high-level control signal in the second state controls the corresponding first switch in the first resistance module to be switched on, the second switch and the third switch to be switched off;
the second decoder is used for decoding according to the low L-bit digital signal to obtain 2LA low control signal for controlling the 2LA fourth switch for decoding the 2 obtained at a timeLAnd only one of the low-level control signals is in a first state, the rest of the low-level control signals are in a second state, the low-level control signal in the first state controls the corresponding fourth switch to be switched on, and the low-level control signal in the second state controls the corresponding fourth switch to be switched off.
Specifically, when N is an even number, take
Figure BDA0002742487300000031
Specifically, the first state is a high level, and the second state is a low level.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a two-section type resistance network and a high-precision low-area digital-to-analog converter based on the two-section type resistance network, which has the monotonic characteristic of a simple resistance string DAC and enables the number of switches to be 2 of the simple resistance string DACNIs reduced to 3 × 2M+2LThe number of switches is greatly reduced, and the area and the layout workload are greatly reduced.
Drawings
The following description of various embodiments of the invention may be better understood with reference to the following drawings, which schematically illustrate major features of some embodiments of the invention. These figures and examples provide some embodiments of the invention in a non-limiting, non-exhaustive manner. For purposes of clarity, the same reference numbers will be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements or structures having the same function.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a simple resistor string DAC.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an R2R ladder resistor network DAC.
Fig. 3 is a specific framework diagram of a digital-to-analog converter based on a two-section resistor network according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of each switch in the resistor network when the digital-to-analog converter based on the two-segment resistor network provided by the present invention is used to realize that the 4bit input is Din ═ 4' b1110 in the embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of each switch in the resistor network when the digital-to-analog converter based on the two-segment resistor network provided by the present invention is used to realize that the 4bit input is Din ═ 4' b0100 in the embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a decoding implementation of the first decoder and the second decoder in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below by combining the drawings and the specific embodiments.
The specific details of the embodiments described below, the specific circuit structures of the embodiments and the specific parameters of these circuit elements are all used to provide a better understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, for example, the resistors, the resistor units, the first connection end and the second connection end of the resistor module only represent two connection ends of the resistor device, the first connection end and the second connection end are used for distinguishing and not limiting, the first state and the second state of the control signal are also used for distinguishing high and low levels, and the switch can be a transistor with a switching function or other switching structures. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these details or with other methods, components, materials, etc.
Compared with a simple resistor string structure, the resistor network is divided into two sections, so that the number of switches is greatly reduced. As shown in FIG. 3, the two-stage resistor network proposed by the present invention comprises cascade-connected 2MA first resistorModule (RMSB,0-RMSB, 2)M-1), M being a positive integer, each first resistance module comprising a first resistance, wherein 2 ndMThe first resistance low-order resistance unit of the first resistance module is formed, so that the resistance network is divided into two sections. As shown in FIG. 3, the low-order resistance unit includes 2LA second resistor (RLSB,0-RLSB, 2)L-1) and 2LThe second connecting end of the jth second resistor in the low-order resistor unit is connected with the first connecting end of the (j + 1) th second resistor and is connected with the output end VOUT of the two-section resistor network after passing through the jth fourth switch, j is a positive integer and belongs to [1,2 ]L-1](ii) a The first connection end of the 1 st second resistor is connected with the first connection end of the low-order resistance unit, and the 2 nd second resistor is connected with the second connection end of the low-order resistance unitLThe second connection end of the second resistor is connected with the second connection end of the low-order resistor unit and passes through the No. 2LAnd the output end VOUT of the two-section type resistance network is connected behind the fourth switch. The first connection end and the second connection end of the low-order resistance unit are respectively connected to the No. 2MIn the first resistor module, the two connection terminals are interchangeable.
2MIn the first resistor modules, the first connecting end of the ith first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the (i + 1) th first resistor module, i is a positive integer and belongs to [1,2 ]M-1](ii) a 2 nd (2)MThe first connecting end of each first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the 1 st first resistor module. The first resistance module comprises a first resistance, a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, wherein the first connecting end of the first resistance is connected with the first connecting end of the first resistance module, the second connecting end of the first resistance module is connected with the second connecting end of the first resistance module after passing through the first switch, the second switch is connected between the first connecting end of the first switch and a reference voltage, and the third switch is connected between the second connecting end of the first switch and a ground level. Similarly, the two connection ends of the first resistor module and the two connection ends of the switch may be interchanged, for example, as shown in fig. 3, the upper end of the first resistor is used as the first connection end to connect the first connection end of the first resistor module, the lower end of the first resistor is connected to the second connection end of the first resistor module after passing through the first switch, and the upper end of the first switch is used as the first connection end to connect the reference after passing through the second switchThe lower end of the first switch is used as a second connecting end and is grounded after passing through a third switch; however, in the invention, the lower end of the first resistor can be used as a first connection end to be connected with a first/second connection end of the first resistor module, the upper end of the first resistor is connected with a second/connection end of the first resistor module after passing through the first switch, or the positions of the second switch and the third switch are exchanged, the second switch is connected between the lower end of the first switch and the reference voltage, and the third switch is connected between the upper end of the first switch and the ground, so that the realization of the two-stage resistor network is not influenced.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, 2MThe resistance values of the first resistance modules are all equal to that of the first resistance, and the resistance value of the second resistance module is 2 ndMA first resistor in the first resistor module is composed of 2LA second resistor connected in series, i.e. 2LThe second resistors have the same resistance value and are
Figure BDA0002742487300000041
Figure BDA0002742487300000051
And 2MThe resistance values of the first resistance modules are equal and are
Figure BDA0002742487300000052
Figure BDA0002742487300000053
The number of N simple resistor string switches is at least 2NHowever, the invention divides N into two sections, namely M and L, and only 3 multiplied by 2 is needed to realize the two-section resistance network with N bitsM+2LA switch. For example, for a 12-bit simple resistor string DAC, the number of switches is at least 2124096, and for the two-stage resistor network proposed by the present invention, if M-L-6, the number of switches is reduced to 3 × 26+26256 are provided.
When the two-section resistance network provided by the invention is used for realizing a digital-to-analog converter of Nbit, an N-bit digital signal is divided into a high M bit part and a low L bit part, and a first decoder converts M-bit into 2 bitMA bit decoder, the second decoder is L-bit to 2LAnd a bit decoder. High M-bit digital signal DM0-DMM-1Decoding by the first decoder to obtain 2MA high control signal
Figure BDA0002742487300000054
Control 2MA first resistor module, a low L-bit digital signal DL0-DLL-1Decoding by a second decoder to obtain 2LA low-order control signal
Figure BDA0002742487300000055
Controlling 2 in low resistance cellLA fourth switch.
Taking as an example that the first decoder decodes the high M-bit digital signal in binary representation, the high M-bit digital signal DM in binary representation0-DMM-1In total 2MIn this case, 2MIn each case 2MA high control signal
Figure BDA0002742487300000056
Is shown by 2MThe decoding results respectively correspond to 2MA high control signal
Figure BDA0002742487300000057
Only one of the corresponding high-level control signals is in the first state, and the other high-level control signals are in the second state. 2 of such high M-bit digital signalMSituation control 2MOne of the first resistance modules is provided with a first switch which is corresponding to the first resistance module and is opened, and the second switch and the third switch are closed, so that the reference level and the ground level are connected; and the first switches in the other first resistance modules are closed, and the second switches and the third switches are opened and are connected with the other first resistance modules.
Due to the fact that
Figure BDA0002742487300000058
The invention proposes the mode of the output of the digital-to-analog converter based on the two-segment resistor networkThe analog signals are:
Figure BDA0002742487300000059
VREF is a reference voltage value, and N is M + L, DM0＝DLL,DM1＝DLL+1,…,DMM-1＝DLN-1Then, then
Figure BDA0002742487300000061
As can be seen from the above equation, the analog signal Vout output by the dac implements digital-to-analog conversion of N ═ M + L bits.
The following description will take the example of implementing 4-bit digital-to-analog converter of the present invention
Figure BDA0002742487300000062
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, comprising cascaded 2M4 first resistance modules, the first resistance of the 4 th resistance module is composed of a low resistance unit, and the low resistance unit comprises 2L4 second resistors and 4 fourth switches. An L-2 decoder incorporating a second decoder as shown in FIG. 6LThe decoding implementation truth table of the first decoder in this embodiment also adopts the principle of fig. 6, such that the first state is a high level 1, and the second state is a low level 0.
As shown in fig. 4, when Din is input at 4' b1110, the high 2-bit digital signal is 11, the corresponding control signal is 1000, and the high control signal S is3Is at a high level, S0、S1、S2And the first switch in the 1 st to 3 rd first resistance modules is closed, and the second switch and the third switch are opened and connected with other first resistance modules. The low 2-bit digital signal is 10, corresponding to 0100, i.e. the low control signal SL2Control the 3 rd fourth switch for highClosing and closing the output terminal VOUT connected to the digital-to-analog converter, the low control signal SL0、SL1、SL3And controlling the 1 st fourth switch, the 2 nd fourth switch and the 4 th fourth switch to be switched off for low.
As shown in fig. 5, when Din is input 4' b0100, the high 2-bit digital signal is 01, the corresponding control signal is 0010, and the high control signal S is1Is at a high level, S0、S2、S3And for a low level, the first switch in the 2 nd resistor module is controlled to be switched off, the second switch and the third switch are controlled to be switched on, the reference level and the ground level are switched in, and the first switch in the 1 st resistor module, the 3 rd first resistor module and the 4 th first resistor module is switched on, and the second switch and the third switch are switched off and are connected with other first resistor modules. The low 2-bit digital signal is 00, corresponding to the low control signal being 0001, i.e. the low control signal SL0For high control of the 1 st fourth switch, the output terminal VOUT connected to the digital-to-analog converter, and the low control signal SL1、SL2、SL3The 2 nd to 4 th fourth switches are controlled to be open for low.
In summary, the present invention innovatively employs a two-stage resistor network, which divides a DAC with N ═ M + L bits into a DAC with M bit high bits and a DAC with L bit low bits, where M ∈ [1, N-1], L ∈ [1, N-1], and M + L ═ N, and M ═ L ═ N/2 is preferred regardless of design area, resistance value, speed, and other factors. The invention realizes the two-section type resistance network DAC with the precision similar to that of the simple resistance DAC and the complexity greatly reduced, greatly inherits the monotonous characteristic of the simple resistance string DAC on one hand, greatly reduces the number of switches on the other hand, and reduces the area and the layout workload.
The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner for the specific structure of a two-section resistor network and a two-section resistor network based digital-to-analog converter, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and variations and modifications are possible in the disclosed embodiments, and other possible alternative embodiments and equivalent variations of the devices in the embodiments may be devised by those skilled in the art, and it is intended that insubstantial changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims of this application.

Claims (4)

1. A two-stage resistor network comprising a cascade of 2MM is a positive integer, the first connecting end of the ith first resistance module is connected with the second connecting end of the (i + 1) th first resistance module, i is a positive integer and belongs to the field of [1,2 ]M-1](ii) a 2 nd (2)MThe first connecting end of each first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the 1 st first resistor module;
the first resistance module comprises a first resistance, a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, wherein a first connecting end of the first resistance is connected with a first connecting end of the first resistance module, a second connecting end of the first resistance module is connected with a second connecting end of the first resistance module after passing through the first switch, the second switch is connected between the first connecting end of the first switch and a reference voltage, and the third switch is connected between the second connecting end of the first switch and a ground level;
wherein 2 ndMThe first resistor of the first resistor module is composed of a low-order resistor unit including 2LA second resistor and 2LA plurality of fourth switches, wherein L is a positive integer, the second connecting end of the jth second resistor is connected with the first connecting end of the (j + 1) th second resistor and is connected with the output end of the two-section resistor network after passing through the jth fourth switch, j is a positive integer and belongs to [1,2 ]L-1](ii) a The first connection end of the 1 st second resistor is connected with the first connection end of the low-order resistor unit, and the 2 nd second resistor is connected with the second connection end of the low-order resistor unitLThe second connecting end of the second resistor is connected with the second connecting end of the low-order resistor unit and passes through the No. 2LAnd the fourth switch is connected with the output end of the two-section type resistance network.
2. A digital-to-analog converter based on two-section resistance network can convert N-bit digital signals into corresponding analog signals, wherein N is a positive integer greater than 1; the N-bit digital signal is divided into a high M bit part and a low L bit part, wherein M and L are positive integers, and M + L is equal to N;
the digital-to-analog converter comprises a first decoder, a second decoder and a two-section resistor network,
the two-stage resistor network comprises cascaded 2MThe first connecting end of the ith first resistance module is connected with the second connecting end of the (i + 1) th first resistance module, i is a positive integer and belongs to the [1,2 ]M-1](ii) a 2 nd (2)MThe first connecting end of each first resistor module is connected with the second connecting end of the 1 st first resistor module;
the first resistance module comprises a first resistance, a first switch, a second switch and a third switch, wherein a first connecting end of the first resistance is connected with a first connecting end of the first resistance module, a second connecting end of the first resistance module is connected with a second connecting end of the first resistance module after passing through the first switch, the second switch is connected between the first connecting end of the first switch and a reference voltage, and the third switch is connected between the second connecting end of the first switch and a ground level;
wherein 2 ndMThe first resistor of the first resistor module is composed of a low-order resistor unit including 2LA second resistor and 2LA second connecting end of the jth second resistor is connected with the first connecting end of the (j + 1) th second resistor and is connected with the output end of the digital-to-analog converter after passing through the jth fourth switch, j is a positive integer and belongs to [1,2 ]L-1](ii) a The first connection end of the 1 st second resistor is connected with the first connection end of the low-order resistor unit, and the 2 nd second resistor is connected with the second connection end of the low-order resistor unitLThe second connecting end of the second resistor is connected with the second connecting end of the low-order resistor unit and passes through the No. 2LThe fourth switch is connected with the output end of the digital-to-analog converter;
the first decoder is used for decoding according to the high M-bit digital signal to obtain 2MA high control signal for controlling the 2MA first resistance module for obtaining the 2 obtained by decoding each timeMOne and only one of the high-level control signals is in a first state, the other high-level control signals are in a second state, and the high-level control signal in the first state controls the corresponding high-level control signalThe first switch, the second switch and the third switch in the first resistance module are switched off, and the high-level control signal in the second state controls the corresponding first switch, the second switch and the third switch in the first resistance module to be switched off;
the second decoder is used for decoding according to the low L-bit digital signal to obtain 2LA low control signal for controlling the 2LA fourth switch for decoding the 2 obtained at a timeLAnd only one of the low-level control signals is in a first state, the rest of the low-level control signals are in a second state, the low-level control signal in the first state controls the corresponding fourth switch to be switched on, and the low-level control signal in the second state controls the corresponding fourth switch to be switched off.
3. The DAC based on two-section resistor network as claimed in claim 2 wherein N is even number, and is taken
Figure FDA0002742487290000021
4. The two-stage resistor network-based DAC as claimed in claim 2 or 3 wherein the first state is high and the second state is low.
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