CN112300842B - 用于含季铵盐燃料的破乳剂 - Google Patents
用于含季铵盐燃料的破乳剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112300842B CN112300842B CN202010672969.9A CN202010672969A CN112300842B CN 112300842 B CN112300842 B CN 112300842B CN 202010672969 A CN202010672969 A CN 202010672969A CN 112300842 B CN112300842 B CN 112300842B
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- acid
- fuel
- alkoxylated
- polymer
- quaternary ammonium
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 101
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 48
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 42
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QCNWZROVPSVEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heptadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QCNWZROVPSVEJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QQHJDPROMQRDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- JJOJFIHJIRWASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O JJOJFIHJIRWASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N icosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O VKOBVWXKNCXXDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O BNJOQKFENDDGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N petroselinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-CMDGGOBGSA-N (e)-octadec-10-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical class [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9E-tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O YWWVWXASSLXJHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 12Z-octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O OXEDXHIBHVMDST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WLQJSYLYDPWNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tetradec-8-en-7-ylbutanedioic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=CCCCCC WLQJSYLYDPWNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUONUDPDDLXOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7,9-diphenylhexadecanedioic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(CCCCCCC(=O)O)CC(CCCCCC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GUONUDPDDLXOPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPDNUCQHNPMNEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-ethyloctadecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCC(CC)CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WPDNUCQHNPMNEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJYRBBPIUVYFBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-phenyltetradecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(CCCCCC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WJYRBBPIUVYFBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JFFBFNGWODFLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8,13-dimethylicosa-2,8-dienedioic acid Chemical compound CC(CCCCC=CC(=O)O)=CCCCC(CCCCCCC(=O)O)C JFFBFNGWODFLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Petroselaidic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004650 carbonic acid diesters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N gadoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-Octadec-5-ensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCC(O)=O AQWHMKSIVLSRNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000008827 tuberculosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- IQWKYRKBHFUUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8,13-dimethylicosanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCC(C)CCCCC(C)CCCCCCC(O)=O IQWKYRKBHFUUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical class OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N trans-2-tetradecenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O IBYFOBGPNPINBU-OUKQBFOZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 9
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);1,10-phenanthroline;dicyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1.C1=CN=C2C3=NC=CC=C3C=CC2=C1 YAQXGBBDJYBXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylmalonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C(O)=O ZIYVHBGGAOATLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCN(C)C ZUHZZVMEUAUWHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005338 nitrobenzoic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CMNNRVWVNGXINV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O CMNNRVWVNGXINV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004365 octenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- TXQBMQNFXYOIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O TXQBMQNFXYOIPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- PQGDRERZAVMTJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolan-2-yl nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC1CCCO1 PQGDRERZAVMTJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002255 pentenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalic acid Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(O)=O IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- OTRMXXQNSIVZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enyl nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC=C OTRMXXQNSIVZNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004368 propenyl group Chemical group C(=CC)* 0.000 description 1
- JNTOKFNBDFMTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCO[N+]([O-])=O JNTOKFNBDFMTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005956 quaternization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003444 succinic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002730 succinyl group Chemical group C(CCC(=O)*)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AZAKMLHUDVIDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl nitrate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O[N+]([O-])=O AZAKMLHUDVIDFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WXBXVVIUZANZAU-CMDGGOBGSA-N trans-2-decenoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC\C=C\C(O)=O WXBXVVIUZANZAU-CMDGGOBGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-pent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C\C(O)=O YIYBQIKDCADOSF-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DXNCZXXFRKPEPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimellitic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C1 ARCGXLSVLAOJQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007861 trimeric product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VTALQOYOTZKULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecyl nitrate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO[N+]([O-])=O VTALQOYOTZKULH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002703 undecylenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940005605 valeric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003738 xylenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C08L61/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
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Abstract
本文描述燃料性能添加剂、包括这类添加剂的燃料、使用燃料性能添加剂改善燃料的破乳化性的方法以及燃料性能添加剂改善燃料的破乳化性的用途,其中这类燃料为汽油或柴油,并且进一步包括至少从具有至少叔氨基的含氮化合物和季铵化剂的反应获得的季铵盐。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及燃料添加剂组合物,其包括适合于包括季铵盐的燃料破乳的聚合共混物。
背景技术
柴油和汽油燃料通常含有少量的水,通常以重量计从几ppm至多百分之几。这类水可为例如在和存放期间在罐和管道中时冷凝到燃料中的结果。一定量的水可分离为在储存罐的底部的一层和/或可在燃料中乳化。水的存在是不希望的,因为它可在运输期间和/或在用于燃烧期间引起问题。
通常通过使用使水-燃料乳液破乳化或破坏所述水-燃料乳液的各种试剂将水与燃料分离,以便将水分离为在燃料中的不同的层,所述层可通过各种应用去除。然而,许多常见的燃料添加剂往往会阻碍或甚至限制常规破乳剂的功能。举例来说,季铵盐为通常作为清洁剂在汽油和柴油燃料中使用的一种这类添加剂类别。然而,在常规破乳添加剂存在下,季铵盐的缺点是这类盐往往会对燃料破乳化性具有不利影响,使得更难以从罐和运输线中的燃料分离和去除水。
发明内容
在一个方面,本文所描述包括从具有至少叔氨基的含氮化合物和季铵化剂的反应获得的季铵盐和破乳剂组分的燃料性能添加剂。在一种方法中,破乳剂组分包括以下的共混物(i)至少两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数为18到22,并且第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;(ii)烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;(iii)烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的相对溶解度数小于10。
在另一个方面,先前第段的燃料性能添加剂的方法或实施例可以任何组合与其它任选的特征组合。这些任选的特征或实施例可包括以下中的一个或多个:其中第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物为具有约25到约75摩尔的环氧乙烷的乙氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物;和/或其中第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物为具有约5到30摩尔的组合的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的乙氧基化和丙氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物;和/或其中烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物衍生自二聚体脂肪二酸、三聚体脂肪三酸、二聚体脂肪二醇和/或三聚体脂肪三醇和至少一个环氧烷衍生基团并且具有约5到约30总摩尔数的烷氧基化部分;和/或其中烷氧基化聚亚胺具有约10到约50摩尔的烷氧基化部分;和/或其中破乳剂组分包括约10重量%到约50重量%的第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛、约10重量%到约50重量%的第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物、约10重量%到约50重量%的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物和约1重量%到约15重量%的烷氧基化聚亚胺的共混物;和/或另外包括重量比为约5:1到约1:1的季铵盐与破乳剂组分;和/或另外包括由(i)、(ii)和(iii)的共混物提供的约45到约190总摩尔的烷氧基化部分;和/或其中季铵盐的含氮化合物为烃基取代的酰化剂和具有能够与烃基取代的酰化剂缩合的氧或氮原子并且包括叔氨基的化合物的反应产物;和/或其中含氮化合物为包括叔氨基的多胺和伯胺、仲胺或其组合;和/或其中烃基取代的酰化剂为烃基取代的琥珀酸、酯、酸酐、单酸/单酯或二酸;和/或其中季铵化剂选自由以下组成的组:烃基取代的羧酸酯、碳酸酯、环状碳酸酯、酚盐、环氧化物、氨基甲酸酯、卤化物、硫酸酯、硫化物、磺酸酯、磷酸酯、膦酸酯、水杨酸酯、草酸酯,或其混合物;和/或其中季铵盐为衍生自碳酸季铵盐与有机酸的反应的烃基可溶羧酸季铵盐;和/或其中碳酸季铵盐通过使碳酸二酯与叔酰氨基胺化合物反应形成;和/或其中碳酸季铵盐选自由以下组成的组:琥珀酰亚胺基烷基三烷基碳酸铵、琥珀酰胺基/琥珀酰基酯碳酸铵和酰胺基烷基三烷基碳酸铵;和/或其中有机酸选自由以下组成的组:硬脂酸、十九烷酸、花生酸、结核硬脂酸、tuzuic酸、岩芹酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、鳕油酸、聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀酸酯酸、酰胺酸、酰亚胺酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、3-己基-4-癸烯-1,2-二羧酸、3-己基-1,12-癸烷二羧酸、6-乙烯-9-十六烯-1,16-二羧酸、6-乙基-1,16-十六烷二羧酸、6-苯基-1,12-十二烷二羧酸、7,12-二甲基-7,1-十八碳二烯-1,18-二羧酸、7,12-二甲基-1,18-十八烷二羧酸、6,8-二苯基-1,14-十四烷二羧酸和聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀二酸;和/或其中季铵盐在选自羧酸和烷基酚的质子供体存在下衍生自含有至少一个叔氨基的酰胺基胺和环氧化物;和/或其中酰胺基胺在基本上没有酰化剂的反应介质中;和/或其中质子供体为选自由以下组成的组的羧酸:脂肪酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、聚异丁烯基琥珀酸、酰胺/酸或酸/酯和聚合酸,和其混合物。
在另一个方面或实施例,燃料组合物包括大量的燃料和如在前两个段落或实施例中的任一个中所描述的燃料性能添加剂。在一些方法中,燃料选自汽油或柴油。
在又另一个方面或实施例,本文所提供改善含添加剂的燃料的破乳化性的方法和/或破乳剂组分改善燃料的破乳化性的用途。在一些方法中,方法或用途包括将大量的燃料与季铵盐燃料性能添加剂和包括以下的共混物的破乳剂组分组合:(i)至少两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数为18到22,并且第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;(ii)烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;(iii)烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的相对溶解度数小于10。在一些任选的方法或实施例中,燃料选自汽油或柴油;和/或其中改善的破乳化性根据ASTM D1094、ASTM D7451等方法测量。
具体实施方式
本文描述燃料性能添加剂、包括这类添加剂的燃料、使用燃料性能添加剂改善燃料的破乳化性的方法以及燃料性能添加剂改善燃料的破乳化性的用途,其中这类燃料为汽油或柴油,并且进一步包括至少从具有至少叔氨基的含氮化合物和季铵化剂的反应获得的季铵盐。在一个方面,本文的燃料性能添加剂包括与包括以下的共混物或混合物的the破乳剂组分组合的季铵盐:(i)至少两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其中第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数为18到22,并且第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16,(ii)烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16,和(iii)烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的相对溶解度数小于10。此新型的聚合物的共混物出乎意料地实现将水与汽油或柴油燃料的优异的分离和破乳,所述汽油或柴油燃料还包括已知对破乳不利的季铵盐。
烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物
在一种方法中,本文的燃料性能添加剂的破乳剂组分包括至少两种单独或不同的烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物。合适的烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物可从各种来源获得,并且虽然不希望受理论限制,但是认为包括如下文所描述的烷基苯酚甲醛烷氧基化物,包括环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷衍生的烷氧基化部分,并且在一些方法中,分子量可为约1,000到约5,000g/mol。在其它方法中,烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物可溶解在溶剂中,或在溶剂内提供,如芳香族溶剂,比如C6到C10芳香族烃。
在另一种方法中,燃料性能添加剂的第一和第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物中的每种可具有以下通式结构
(R1)p-PH-(CH2)m-C(O)O-(AO)n-R2 (式I)
其中PH为任选被R1基团取代的苯基,其中每个R1独立地为C1到C4烷基或烷氧基;R2为C1到C10直链或支链烷基(在一些方法中,C1到C6烷基,并且在又其它方法中,C3到C5烷基);AO为环氧烷衍生基团,如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷衍生基团,或其组合,其可沿(聚)亚烷氧基链改变。在式I中,n为可为聚合物有效地提供期望相对溶解度数的在1到100的范围内整数;m可为1或2的整数;并且p为0、1或2的整数。在一些方法中,R2为支链烷基,如选自以下的仲烷基:异丙基(丙-2-基)、仲丁基(丁-2-基)、异丁基(2-甲基-丙1-基)和/或叔丁基,或2-乙基己基等,和其组合。
在又另一种方法中,本文的烷氧基化苯酚甲醛树脂可包括总共约30到约110摩尔的在燃料性能添加剂内包括的两种单独的聚合物之间的烷氧基化部分。在一些情况下,在燃料性能添加剂中使用的第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物可具有在一些方法中通过环氧乙烷提供的约25到约75摩尔的烷氧基化部分。在其它情况下,在燃料性能添加剂中使用的其它或第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物可包括在一些方法中通过在烷氧基化部分内无规的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷提供的约5到约35摩尔的烷氧基化部分。
在一些方法中,燃料性能添加剂(和包括这类添加剂的任何燃料)的第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物与第二苯酚甲醛聚合物的比率还可为约0.5:1到约1.75:1或在一些方法中为约1:1。在其它方法中,破乳剂共混物可包括约0.05重量%到约50重量%的第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,在其它方法中,约5重量%到约40重量%,并且在又另外的方法中,约10重量%到约30重量%。破乳剂共混物还可包括约0.05重量%到约50重量%的第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,在其它方法中,约5重量%到约40重量%,并且在又另外的方法中,约10重量%到约30重量%。
选择这类聚合物的烷氧基化部分以实现适合于本文的独特添加剂共混物的每种聚合物的相对溶解度数,以在含有季铵盐燃料的情况下实现破乳。相对溶解度数是所属领域的技术人员已知的,作为聚合物的溶解度的量度,并且对应于分子的疏水-亲脂平衡。相对溶解度数可通过在包括二甲苯、二乙二醇单丁基醚和二甲基异山梨醇的溶剂体系中对聚合物的水进行滴定来确定。一般来说,相对溶解度数小于约13大体上指示聚合物更油可溶,而数大于约18大体上指示聚合物更水可溶,其中在其中间的值表明聚合物为可分散的。关于确定相对溶解度数的其它信息可在Wu等人《胶体和表面:物理化学和工程方面》;2004;Vol.232(2-3);第229-237页中获得,其以引用的方式并入本文中。
如本文所用,相对溶解度数通过对在30克的溶剂(5重量%二甲苯、20重量%二乙二醇单丁基醚和75重量%二甲基异山梨醇)中的1克的聚合物的水滴定来确定。滴定的端点为当持续浊度保持至少一分钟时,并且在滴定中使用的以毫升为单位的水的体积为相对溶解度数。
在一种方法中,第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物的相对溶解度数可为约18或更高,并且在其它方法中,为约18到约22。第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物可具有比第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物低的相对溶解度,并且在一些方法中,其相对溶解度数为约16或更小,并且在其它方法中,为约12到约16。
在一些方法中,在溶剂中提供第一和第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物中的每种。合适的溶剂可为芳香族溶剂,如C6到C10芳香族溶剂,如三甲基苯、二乙基苯、二甲基乙基苯等,和其组合。在一些方法或实施例中,在溶剂中的每种聚合物的浓度以总配制物的重量计可为约10%到约90%、约15%到约85%,或约25%到约80%。相应地,那么每种聚合物组合物将通常包括约90%到约10%、约85%到约15%或约75%到约20%的溶剂。
烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物
在另一种方法中,本文的燃料性能添加剂的破乳剂组分还包括衍生自二聚体脂肪二酸、三聚体脂肪三酸、二聚体脂肪二醇和/或三聚体脂肪三醇和至少一个亚烷氧基链(即,环氧烷衍生基团的序列)的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物。合适的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物还可从各种来源获得,并且在一些方法中,认为包括与具有第一环氧乙烷部分、环氧丙烷部分,并且然后第二环氧乙烷部分的一个或多个烷氧基化嵌段组合的如下文所描述的脂肪酸衍生的基础部分。
在一些方法中,烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物可具有式II结构:
R3[(EO)p(PO)q(EO)rR4]n (式II)
其中R3为一种或多种二聚体脂肪二酸、三聚体脂肪三酸、二聚体脂肪二醇和/或三聚体脂肪三醇的残基;R4为H或(CO)xR5,其中x为0或1的整数,并且R5为C1到C6脂肪族烃基;EO为环氧乙烷衍生基团;PO为环氧丙烷衍生基团;p为1到20的整数;q为1到20的整数;r为1到20的整数。在式II中,n为表示总环氧烷衍生基团的平均数的整数,并且n可为1到3。如果R3为二聚体残基,那么R3可具有至多两个附接到其的环氧烷衍生链,并且如果R3为三聚体残基,那么R3可具有至多3个附接到其的环氧烷链。
在式II中和在一些方法中,环氧乙烷衍生基团的总数由p+r表示,并且认为是2到40、4到36,或6到30的整数。同样地,环氧烷衍生基团(EO、PO和少量其它基团)的总数可由p+q+r表示,所述总数为在至少3、至少6或至少9到最多60、最多51或最多45的范围内的整数。在其它方法中,环氧乙烷衍生基团与环氧丙烷衍生基团的比率可由(p+r)/q的比率表示,所述比率可为约0.5到约8、约0.5到约6、约1到约4、约1.5到约2.5。在又其它方法中,第一EO链段与PO链段与第二EO链段的相对长度可通过p比q比r的比率给出。在一些实施例中,此长度比率可为0.5到2:0.5到2:0.5到2,或0.75到1.5:0.75到1.5:0.75到1.5,或0.8到1.2:0.8到1.2:0.8到1.2。在又另外的任选的方法中,R3的脂肪酸部分与总环氧烷衍生基团的重量比可在至少0.1:1或至少0.2:1到最多1:1、最多0.8:1,或最多0.6:1的范围内。
如所属领域的技术人员理解,残基是指在反应已发生之后保留在反应产物中的反应物分子的一部分。在本文中,二聚体脂肪二酸(也被称作二聚体脂肪酸)是指单或多不饱和脂肪酸和/或酯的二聚产物。由于在每个单独的脂肪酸(单体)上的羧酸基团,二聚体脂肪二酸包含两个羧酸团。同样地,三聚体脂肪三酸(或三聚体脂肪酸)是指单或多不饱和脂肪酸和/或酯的三聚产物。在一些任选的方法中,二官能材料或其残基(二聚体脂肪二酸和/或二聚体脂肪二醇)与三官能材料(三聚体脂肪三酸和/或三聚体脂肪三醇)的重量比可为约20:1到约0.2:1,在其它方法中,为约5:1到约0.2:1,并且在另外其它方法中,为约4:1到约0.5:1。举例来说,R3可包括二聚体脂肪二酸残基和三聚体脂肪三酸残基的混合物。
二聚体脂肪二酸或二聚体脂肪残基在一些方法中衍生自C10到C30脂肪酸,在其它方法中,C12到C24脂肪酸,在又另外的方法中,C14到C22脂肪酸,在其它方法中,C16到C20脂肪酸,并且在一些情况下,C18脂肪酸的二聚产物。因此,所得二聚体脂肪二酸可包括在20到60、24到48、28到44、32到40的范围内的碳原子,并且在一些情况下,36个碳原子。衍生二聚体脂肪二酸的脂肪酸可选自直链或支链不饱和脂肪酸。不饱和脂肪酸可选自具有顺式/反式配置的脂肪酸,并且可具有一个或多于一个不饱和双键。
在一些方法中,使用的脂肪酸为直链单不饱和脂肪酸。合适的二聚体脂肪二酸可衍生自油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈油酸或反油酸的二聚产物。在其它方法中,二聚体脂肪二酸可为从天然脂肪和油(例如葵花籽油、大豆油、橄榄油、油菜籽油、棉籽油或松油)的水解获得的不饱和脂肪酸混合物的二聚产物。二聚体脂肪二酸的重均分子量可为约450到约690、约500到约640、约530到约610,或约550到约590。在一些方法中,二聚体脂肪酸可包括小于约10重量%、小于约6重量%,或小于约4重量%的单脂肪单酸(或单体)。在其它方法中,二聚体脂肪残基可为氢化的或可为非氢化的。
如果使用的话,三聚体脂肪三酸可衍生自上文关于二聚体脂肪酸提到的来源的三聚产物。因此,三聚体脂肪三酸可含有30到90、36到72、42到66、48到60或54个碳原子。在一些方法中,R3为具有24到48个碳原子的二聚体脂肪二酸、具有36到72个碳原子的三聚体脂肪三酸、具有24到48个碳原子的二聚体脂肪二醇和/或具有36到72个碳原子的三聚体脂肪三醇中的至少一种或多种的残基。如果使用的话,三聚体脂肪三酸的重均分子量可为约750到约950、约790到约910、约810到约890,或约830到约870。
二聚体脂肪二酸或三聚体脂肪二酸可根据特定应用的需要转化成二聚体或三聚体脂肪二醇。举例来说,二聚体脂肪二醇可通过对应的二聚体脂肪二酸的氢化形成。在这类情况下,二聚体或三聚体脂肪二醇可具有如本文关于相关的二聚体或三聚体脂肪二酸所描述的特性,例外为在二聚体或三聚体脂肪二酸中的酸基团被羟基置换。二聚体或三聚体脂肪二醇可为氢化的或非氢化的。
在一些方法中,环氧乙烷部分和环氧丙烷部分还可含有较小比例的其它环氧烷基团。举例来说,环氧烷段可包括较小比例的环氧丁烷基团。较小比例的这类其它环氧烷单元可大于在各段中的总环氧烷基团的约10mol%并且通常不大于约5mol%。
烷氧基化脂肪酸多元醇的数均分子量可在至少约500g/mol、至少约800g/mol、至少约1,000g/mol,或至少约1,500g/mol到最多约20,000g/mol、最多约10,000g/mol、最多约5,000g/mol,或最多约4,000g/mol的范围内。烷氧基化脂肪酸多元醇的重均分子量还可在至少约500g/mol、至少约1,000g/mol、至少约1,500g/mol、至少约2,000g/mol,或至少约2,500g/mol到最多约20,000g/mol、最多约15,000g/mol、最多约10,000g/mol,或最多约8,000g/mol的范围内。分子量可通过凝胶渗透色谱法确定。
在其它方法中,本文的破乳剂共混物可包括约0.05重量%到约50重量%的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,在其它方法中,约5重量%到约40重量%,并且在又另外的方法中,约10重量%到约30重量%。在其它实施例或方法中,本文的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物还可包括总共约5到约30摩尔的通过(例如)环氧乙烷衍生部分和环氧丙烷衍生部分提供的烷氧基化部分。在一种方法中,本文的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数还可为约12到约16。选择这类聚合物的烷氧基化部分以实现适合于本文的独特添加剂共混物的每种聚合物的相对溶解度数,以在含有季铵盐燃料的情况下实现破乳。相对溶解度数如上文所讨论确定。
与上文烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物一样,本文的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物还可包括选自以下的溶剂:甲苯、二甲苯、重或轻芳香族石脑油、柴油、异丙醇、甲醇、2-乙基己醇、乙二醇丁醚、丁基二甘醇、单乙二醇和其混合物。在一些方法中,溶剂可与浓度在以聚合物的总重量计,至少约5重量%、至少约10重量%、至少约20重量%,或至少约30重量%到以破乳剂的总重量计,多约90重量%、最多80重量%,或最多70重量%的范围内的聚合物一起存在。
烷氧基化聚亚胺
在又另外方法中,本文的燃料性能添加剂的破乳剂组分还包括一种或多种烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物可从各种来源获得,但是认为包括至少10到50摩尔的通过例如环氧丙烷衍生单元提供的烷氧基化部分,并且相对溶解度数小于10,并且在其它方法中,为约5到约9。合适的烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物可从与合适的环氧烷基团反应以实现期望摩尔的烷氧基化部分和溶解度数的聚亚烷基亚胺获得。在一些方法中,烷氧基化部分可从环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷、环氧丁烷、环氧苯乙烷和环氧环己烷获得。各种环氧烷可单独或一起与聚亚烷基多胺反应,以得到嵌段共聚或共聚类型的反应。
破乳剂组分
将上文所描述的聚合物共混到出乎意料地在还包括季铵盐的燃料添加剂中实现高破乳功能的破乳剂组分中。在一种方法中,破乳剂共混物包括约10重量%到约50重量%的第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物、约10重量%到约50重量%的第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物、约10重量%到约50重量%的烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物和约1重量%到约15重量%的烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物。
破乳剂组分包括上述聚合物的共混物,并且当在共混物中组合时,提供总共约45到约190摩尔的通过例如在组合的所有聚合物中的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷衍生基团提供的烷氧基化部分。此总烷氧基化部分的水平通过在共混物中至少四种单独的聚合物的组合提供。在一些方法中,相对于含氮聚合物,此共混物还包括多约5倍到约12倍的两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物和烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物。
可将此破乳剂共混物以适合于在季铵盐存在下提供破乳的量添加到燃料性能添加剂。在一些方法中,破乳剂共混物可为燃料性能添加剂所述约0.1重量%到约2重量%,并且当添加到燃料时,可为燃料提供约0.25到约5ppm的破乳剂共混物。
在一些任选的方法中,本文的燃料性能添加剂可不含烃基琥珀酰亚胺酸添加剂。如本文所用,不含大体上意指小于约1重量%、小于约0.5重量%、小于约0.1重量%,没有可检测的量,并且在其它方法中,无。
在又另外方法中,破乳剂组分或共混物还可在芳香族溶剂(如Aromatic 100、Aromatic 150、Aromatic 200、二甲苯和其组合)中提供。如果使用的话,破乳剂组分可为溶剂的约35重量%到约95重量%,以及高于单独的聚合物组分的重量%。
季铵盐
在本公开的另一个方面,本文的燃料性能添加剂还包括至少一种季铵盐,已知其对燃料破乳具有不利的影响。这类盐可通过具有至少一个叔氨基的含氮化合物和合适的季铵化剂的反应形成。举例来说,通过使式III叔胺与各种季铵化剂反应制备合适的季铵盐
其中R5、R6和R7中的每个选自含有1到200个碳原子的烃基。合适的季铵盐可从各种来源获得,并且可根据特定应用的需要包括不同的氨基和聚氨基结构。举例来说,合适的季铵盐可在US 8,8637,00 B2;US 8,894,726 B2;US8,974,551 B1;US 9,574,149 B2;US8,690,970 B2;US 9,340,742 B1;US 9,222,046B2;US 9,200,226 B1;US 8,992,636 B1;US 9,017,431 B2;US 8,915,977 B2;US 9,4584,00 B2;和/或US 9,677,020 B2等专利中的一个或多个中描述,所述专利均以引用的方式并入本文中。下文的讨论还提供合适的季铵盐的实例,但是本公开和本文的燃料性能添加剂不必限于这类具体季铵盐。
在一种示例性方法中,合适的季铵盐从烷基羧酸盐和通过使烃基取代的酰化剂和胺反应获得的酰胺或酰亚胺化合物之间的反应获得。在此方面的一种方法中,胺具有式IV结构
其中A为具有2到10个碳单元并且包括独立地被选自由以下组成的组的二价部分置换的其一个或多个碳单元的烃基连接基团:-O-、-N(R')-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-和-C(O)NR'。R8和R9独立地为含有1到8个碳原子的烷基,并且R'独立地为氢或选自C1-6脂肪族、苯基或烷基苯基的基团。在此方面的另一种方法中,形成的此方面的季铵盐可为下文的式V。
其中A为具有2到10个碳单元并且包括独立地被选自由以下组成的组的二价部分置换的其一个或多个碳单元的烃基连接基团:-O-、-N(R')-、-C(O)-、-C(O)O-和-C(O)NR'。R8、R9和R10独立地为含有1到8个碳原子的烷基;并且R'独立地为氢或选自C1-6脂肪族、苯基或烷基苯基的基团。R11和R12独立地为氢、酰基,或烃基取代的酰基。如果R11或R12中的一个为氢,那么R4和R5中的另一个为酰基或烃基取代的酰基。如果R11和R12均包括羰基部分,那么R11和R12中的一个包括酰基并且R11和R12中的另一个包括烃基取代的酰基,并且R11和R12与其附接到的一起组合以形成环部分。在其它方法中,R11和R12与其附接到的N原子一起组合以形成烃基取代的琥珀酰亚胺。M-可为羧酸根。
如本文所用,术语“烃基取代基(hydrocarbyl group或hydrocarbyl)”以所属领域技术人员所熟知的它的一般含义使用。具体来说,它是指具有直接附接到分子的其余部分的碳原子并且主要具有烃特征的基团。烃基的实例包括:(1)烃取代基,即,脂肪族(例如,烷基或烯基)、脂环族(例如,环烷基、环烯基)取代基和芳香族、脂肪族和脂环族取代的芳香族取代基,以及其中环通过分子的另一个部分来完成的环状取代基(例如,两个取代基一起形成脂环族基团);(2)取代的烃取代基,即,含有非烃基的取代基,所述非烃基在本文中描述的情况下不改变主要烃取代基(例如,卤基(尤其氯和氟)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基、氨基、烷氨基和硫氧基);(3)杂取代基,即,(尽管具有主要烃特征)在本说明书的情况下在由碳原子以其它方式构成的环或链中含有除碳之外的取代基。杂原子包括硫、氧、氮,并且涵盖取代基,如吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基。一般来说,对于在烃基中的每十个碳原子,将存在不多于两个,或作为另一个实例,不多于一个非烃取代基;在一些实施例中,在烃基中将不存在非烃取代基。
如本文所用并且贯穿本公开,术语“大量”应理解成意指相对于组合物的总重量大于或等于50重量%,例如约80重量%到约98重量%的量。此外,如本文所用,术语“少量”应理解成意指相对于组合物的总重量小于50重量%的量。
在一个实施例中,选择的式IV的胺为至少二胺或三胺,其一端具有用于与烃基取代的酰化剂反应的末端伯氨基并且另一端具有用于与季铵化剂反应的末端叔胺。在其它方法中,A包括2到6个碳单元,其中其一个碳单元被-O-或-NH-基团置换。用于形成本文的燃料添加剂的合适的示例性叔胺可选自3-(2-(二甲氨基)乙氧基)丙胺、N,N-二甲基二亚丙基三胺,和其混合物。在其它实施例或方法中,A具有结构-(CH2)r-[X-(CH2)r']p-,其中r、r'和p中的每个独立地为1、2、3或4的整数,并且X为氧或NR",其中R"为氢或烃基。在其它实施例中,X为氧。在又其它实施例中,X为-NH-。
烃基连接基团A优选地具有1到4个被上文所描述的二价部分置换的碳单元,所述二价部分优选地为-O-或-NH-基团。在其它方法中,烃基连接基团A的1到2个碳单元,并且在又另外的方法中,烃基连接基团A的1个碳单元被本文所描述的二价部分置换。如所理解的,烃基连接基团A的其余部分优选地为(一个或多个)碳原子。在置换的二价部分的任一侧上的碳原子数不必相等,意指在末端伯氨基和末端叔氨基之间的烃基链相对于替换的二价部分不必为对称的。
任何前述叔胺可与烃基取代的酰化剂反应,所述烃基取代的酰化剂可选自烃基取代的单、二或多羧酸或其反应性等效物以形成酰胺或酰亚胺化合物。特别合适的酰化剂为烃基取代的丁二酸、酯、酸酐、单酸/单酯,或二酸。在一些方法中,烃基取代的酰化剂为烃基取代的二羧酸或其酸酐衍生物、脂肪酸,或其混合物。
在其它方法中,烃基取代的酰化剂可为羧酸或酸酐反应物。在一种方法中,烃基取代的酰化剂可选自硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、癸酸、辛酸、花生酸、二十二烷酸、芥酸、其酸酐衍生物,或其组合。在一种方法中,烃基取代的酰化剂为式VI的烃基取代的二羧酸酐
其中R13为烃基或烯基。在一些方面,R13为数均分子量为约200到约2500的烃基。举例来说,R13的数均分子量可在约600到约1300的范围,如通过使用聚苯乙烯作为校准参考的GPC测量。特别适用的R13的数均分子量为约1000道尔顿并且包含聚异丁烯。
本文的任何实施例的数均分子量(Mn)可用从沃特世(Waters)获得的凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)仪器等仪器确定,并且数据用Waters Empower软件等软件处理。GPC仪器可配备有Waters分离模块和Waters折射率检测器(或类似的任选的设备)。GPC操作条件可包括保护柱,4个Agilent PLgel柱(长度为300×7.5mm;粒径为5μ,并且孔大小在的范围内),其中柱温在约40℃下。不稳定HPLC级四氢呋喃(THF)可用作溶剂,流动速率为1.0mL/min。GPC仪器可用可商购的窄分子量分布在500-380,000g/mol范围内的聚苯乙烯(PS)标准品校准。对于质量小于500g/mol的样品,可外推校准曲线。样品和PS标准品可溶解在THF中,并且以0.1wt%-0.5wt%的浓度制备,GPC测量也描述于US 5,266,223中,所述专利以引用的方式并入本文中。GPC方法另外提供分子量分布信息;参见例如W.W.Yau,J.J.Kirkland和D.D.Bly,“现代尺寸排阻液相色谱法(Modern Size Exclusion LiquidChromatography)”,约翰·威利父子出版公司(John Wiley and Sons),纽约(New York),1979,也以引用的方式并入本文中。
在一些方法中,R13烃基部分可包含一种或多种选自直链或支链烯基单元的聚合物单元。在一些方面,烯基单元可具有约2到约10个碳原子。举例来说,聚烯基可包含一个或多个由乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、戊烯基、己烯基、辛烯基和癸烯基形成的直链或支链聚合物单元。在一些方面,R6聚烯基可呈例如均聚物、共聚物或三元共聚物的形式。在其它方面,聚烯基为聚异丁烯。举例来说,聚烯基可为包含约5到约60个异丁烯基团,如约15到约30个异丁烯基团的聚异丁烯的均聚物。用于形成R13聚烯基的聚烯基化合物可通过任何合适的方法形成,如通过烯烃的常规催化低聚。
在一些方面,具有相对高的聚合物分子与末端亚乙烯基比例的高反应性聚异丁烯可用于形成R13基团。在一个实例中,至少约60%,如约70%到约90%的聚异丁烯包含末端烯烃双键。在一些方面,每摩尔的聚亚烷基大约可反应一摩尔的马来酸酐,使得所得聚烯基琥珀酸酐每个聚亚烷基取代基具有约0.8到约1.5个琥珀酸酐基团。在其它方面,琥珀酸酐基团与聚亚烷基的摩尔比可在约0.5到约3.5,如约1到约1.3的范围内。
用于此方面的合适的烷基化或季铵化剂为烃基取代的羧酸酯,如羧酸烷基酯。在一些方法或实施例中,季铵化剂为选自草酸烷基酯、水杨酸烷基酯,和其组合的羧酸烷基酯。在其它方法或实施例中,羧酸烷基酯的烷基包括1到6个碳原子,并且优选地为甲基。对于用羧酸烷基酯烷基化,在一些方法中可需要羧酸酯的对应的酸pKa小于4.2。举例来说,羧酸酯的对应的酸的pKa可小于3.8,如小于3.5,其中pKa小于3.1为特别期望的。合适的羧酸酯的实例可包括但不限于马来酸酯、柠檬酸酯、富马酸酯、邻苯二甲酸酯、1,2,4-苯三甲酸酯、1,2,4,5-苯四甲酸酯、硝基苯甲酸酯、烟酸酯、草酸酯、氨基乙酸酯,和水杨酸酯。如上所述,优选的羧酸酯包括草酸酯、水杨酸酯,和其组合。
举例来说,本公开的燃料的任何实施例可含有,以活性成分计,季铵盐(或如本文所描述的反应产物)的量在约1ppm到约100ppm的范围内,在其它方法中,约5ppm到约50ppm,在又另外的方法中,约10ppm到约25ppm的季铵盐。还应了解,在上文所描述的范围之间的任何端点根据特定应用的需要也为合适的范围量。活性成分基础不包括(i)与如生产和使用的产物相关联并且剩余在其中的未反应组分的重量,和在产物形成期间或之后用于其制造的(一种或多种)溶剂(若存在)的重量。
在第二示例性方法中,另一种合适的季铵盐可通过以下来制备:使上式IV叔胺与碳酸二烷基酯反应,并且随后使所得季铵碳酸盐与酸或苯酚反应,以分别提供烃基可溶季铵羧酸盐或酚盐。季铵碳酸盐还可衍生自叔酰胺基胺和碳酸二烷基酯。
在一个实施例中,包括二胺和多胺的叔胺可与C1到C54羧酸反应,以形成酰胺基胺,并且酰胺基胺可随后与季铵化剂反应。合适的叔酰胺基胺化合物可具有烃基键,如在酰胺基和氨基之间的醚键,或叔酰胺基胺可为式VII化合物
其中式VII的R10和R11中的每个选自含有1到200个碳原子的烃基,式VII的每个R9、R12、R13和R14可独立地选自氢或烃基,式VII的x可在1到6的范围内,y可为0或1,z可为1到6,并且n可在1到6的范围内。式VII的每个烃基R9到R14可独立地为直链、支链、取代的、环状、饱和、不饱和或含有一个或多个杂原子。合适的烃基可包括但不限于烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氨基等。特别合适的烃基可为直链或支链烷基。可被酰胺化和季铵化以产生本文公开的化合物的胺反应物的代表性实例包括例如但不限于二甲氨基丙胺和2-(2-二甲氨基-乙氧基)乙胺。
如果胺仅含有伯或仲氨基,那么可能需要在季铵化之前将伯或仲氨基中的至少一个烃基化成叔氨基。在一个实施例中,伯胺和仲胺或与叔胺的混合物的烷基化可彻底或部分烷基化成叔胺,并且然后转化成季铵碳酸盐。
当胺具有羟基时,可通过使胺与C1到C54羧酸反应将胺转化成酯胺。所述酸可为单酸、二聚体酸或三聚体酸。酸可选自由以下组成的组:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二烷酸、二十四烷酸、蜡酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈油酸、十六烯酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、亚油酸、反亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸,和其二聚体和三聚体酸。当与胺反应时,反应产物可为C1-C54-烷基或烯基取代的酯胺,如C1-C54-烷基或烯基取代的酯丙基二甲胺。
用于此第二季铵盐实例的合适的季铵化剂可选自碳酸二酯,如碳酸二甲酯、碳酸乙基甲基酯、碳酸二乙酯、碳酸二丙酯、碳酸二丁酯、环状碳酸酯等。特别合适的碳酸二酯可选自碳酸二甲酯和碳酸二乙酯。在叔胺和碳酸酯之间的反应可通过在基本上不存在酸或质子化剂的情况下使胺与碳酸酯在反应容器中接触和混合来进行。
反应可在约100℃到约200℃,例如约110℃到约170℃的范围内的温度下进行。反应可通过使任何量的叔氨基与足以提供季铵化合物的碳酸酯基团反应来进行。在一个实施例中,叔氨基与碳酸酯的摩尔比可在2:1到约1:5,或1:1到1:2,或1:1到1:1.5的范围内。反应可任选地在醇或水和过量的碳酸二烷基酯存在下进行。与现有技术的教导相反,出人意料地发现,对于某些酰胺基胺,可通过在不存在醇或水溶剂和有限量的碳酸二烷基酯的情况下反应来实现高产率的季铵盐。当反应完成时,可通过在真空下加热反应产物从反应产物去除挥发物和未反应的试剂。如果需要,可用矿物油、柴油燃料、煤油、醇或惰性烃溶剂稀释产物,以防止产物太粘。
所得季铵碳酸盐化合物然后与有机酸或苯酚反应,以提供烃基可溶季铵羧酸盐或酚盐。在一些方法中,合适的有机酸的分子量为至少282g/mol。在其它方法中,有机酸的实例可为脂肪族、烯基或芳香族单羧酸,如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸、己酸、庚酸、辛酸、壬酸、癸酸、十一烷酸、月桂酸、十三烷酸、肉豆蔻酸、十五烷酸、棕榈酸、十七烷酸、硬脂酸、十九烷酸、花生酸、异丁酸、异戊酸、异己酸、乙基丁酸、甲基戊酸、异辛酸、丙基戊酸、乙基己酸、异癸酸、结核硬脂酸、特戊酸、2,2-二甲基丁酸、2,2-二甲基戊酸、2,2-二甲基己酸、2,2-二甲基庚酸、2,2-二甲基辛酸、2-甲基-2-乙基丁酸、2-甲基-2-乙基戊酸、2-甲基-2-乙基己酸、2-甲基-2-丙基戊酸、2-甲基-2-丙基己酸、2-甲基-2-丙基庚酸、丙烯酸、巴豆酸、异丁烯酸、3-丁烯酸、戊烯酸、己烯酸、庚烯酸、辛烯酸、壬烯酸、癸烯酸、十一烯酸、十二烯酸、tuzuic酸、植硬脂酸(physteric酸)、岩芹酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、鳕油酸、甲基丙烯酸、3-甲基巴豆酸、巴豆酸、甲基戊烯酸、环戊羧酸、环己甲酸、苯乙酸、氯乙酸、乙醇酸、乳酸、聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀酸酯酸、酰胺酸、酰亚胺酸。此外适用的为脂肪族多元羧酸,如柠檬酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十一烷二酸、十二烷二酸、十三烷二酸、十四烷二酸、十五烷二酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、甲基丙二酸、乙基丙二酸、丙基丙二酸、丁基丙二酸、戊基丙二酸、己基丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、甲基乙基丙二酸、二乙基丙二酸、甲基丙基丙二酸、甲基丁基丙二酸、乙基丙基丙二酸、二丙基丙二酸、乙基丁基丙二酸、丙基丁基丙二酸、二丁基丙二酸、甲基琥珀酸、乙基琥珀酸、2,2-二甲基琥珀酸、2,3-二甲基琥珀酸、2-甲基戊二酸、马来酸、甲基顺丁烯二酸、衣康酸、亚甲基戊二酸、马来酸单甲酯、1,5-辛烷二羧酸、5,6-癸烷二羧酸、1,7-癸烷二羧酸、4,6-二甲基-4-壬烯-1,2-二羧酸、4,6-二甲基-1,2-壬烷-二羧酸、1,7-十二烷二羧酸、5-乙基-1,10-癸烷二羧酸、6-甲基-6-十二烯-1,12-二羧酸、6-甲基-1,12-十二烷二羧酸、6-乙烯-1,12-十二烷二羧酸、7-甲基-7-四-癸烯-1,14-二羧酸、7-甲基-1,14-十四烷二羧酸、3-己基-4-癸烯-1,2-二羧酸、3-己基-1,12-癸烷二羧酸、6-乙烯-9-十六烯-1,16-二羧酸、6-乙基-1,16-十六烷二羧酸、6-苯基-1,12-十二烷二羧酸、7,12-二甲基-7,1-十八碳二烯-1,18-二羧酸、7,12-二甲基-1,18-十八烷二羧酸、6,8-二苯基-1,14-十四烷二羧酸、1,1-环己烷二羧酸、1,1-环己烷二羧酸、1,2-环戊烷二羧酸、1,1-环己烷二羧酸、1,2-环己烷二羧酸、4-环己烯-1,2-二羧酸、5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧酸、苹果酸、谷氨酸、酒石酸,和聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀酸二酸。可使用的酚包括但不限于[β]-萘酚、邻硝基苯酚、对硝基苯酚、对氨基苯酚、邻苯二酚、间苯二酚、4,4'-二羟基二苯基-2,2-丙烷、C1-C20-烷基酚和聚烷基酚或取代的曼尼希碱。
在合适的季铵盐的第三实例中,本文的燃料性能添加剂可包括通过使上式IV叔胺与含有1到54个碳原子羧酸和季铵化剂反应以提供烷氧基化季铵盐获得的季铵盐。反应可在酸离解常数(pKa)小于约13质子化剂(如羧酸或烷基酚)存在下进行。烷氧基化季铵盐还在质子化剂存在下可衍生自酰胺基胺和季铵化剂。质子化剂可从羧酸、烷基酚或从衍生自脂肪酸的酰胺基胺获得,其中含有酰胺基胺反应产物的酸值在约1到约200mg KOH/g的范围内。不管如何制备烷氧基化季铵盐,本公开的一个特征在于胺含有至少一个叔氨基,并且酰胺基胺在基本上没有酰化剂的反应介质中制备。
如本文所用,术语“基本上没有酰化剂”意指在不存在或基本上不存在长链烃(通常被单不饱和羧酸反应物取代的聚烯烃)的反应产物制备反应产物,所述长链烃如(i)α,β-单不饱和C4到C10二羧酸,如富马酸、衣康酸、马来酸;(ii)(i)的衍生物,如(i)的酸酐或C1到C5醇衍生的单或二酯;(iii)α,β-单不饱和C3到C10单羧酸,如丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸;或(iv)(iii)的衍生物,如(iii)的C1到C5醇衍生的酯,其中含有烯键的任何化合物由通式VIII表示
(R4)(R5)C=C(R6)(CH(R7)(R8)) (式VIII)
其中式VIII中的R4和R5中的每个独立地为氢或烃类基团。R6、R7和R8中的每个在式VIII中独立地为氢或烃类基团;优选地至少一个为含有至少20个碳原子的烃类基团。
在此第三示例性季铵盐的一个实施例中,包括二胺和多胺的叔胺可与C1到C54羧酸反应,以形成酰胺基胺,并且酰胺基胺可随后与季铵化剂反应。合适的上式VII的叔酰胺基胺化合物,其中式VII的R10和R11中的每个选自含有1到50个碳原子的烃基,式VII的每个R9、R12、R13、R14可独立地为选自氢或烃基,上式VII的整数x可在1到6的范围内,y可为0或1,z可为1到6,并且n可在1到6的范围内。式VII的每个烃基R9到R14可独立地为直链、支链、取代的、环状、饱和、不饱和或含有一个或多个杂原子。合适的烃基可包括但不限于烷基、芳基、烷芳基、芳烷基、烷氧基、芳氧基、氨基等。特别合适的烃基可为直链或支链烷基。可酰胺化和季铵化以产生本文公开的化合物的胺反应物的代表性实例包括例如但不限于二甲氨基丙胺。
如果胺仅含有伯或仲氨基,那么可能需要在季铵化酰胺基胺之前将伯或仲氨基中的至少一个烃基化成叔氨基。在一个实施例中,伯胺和仲胺或与叔胺的混合物的烷基化可彻底或部分烷基化成叔胺,并且另外烷氧基化成季盐。
当胺具有伯胺或仲胺基团时,可通过使胺与C1到C54羧酸反应将胺转化成酰胺基胺。所述酸可为单酸、二聚体酸或三聚体酸。酸可选自由以下组成的组:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、辛酸、癸酸、月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、二十二烷酸、二十四烷酸、蜡酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈油酸、十六烯酸、油酸、反油酸、异油酸、亚油酸、反亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、芥酸、二十二碳六烯酸,和其二聚体和三聚体酸。当与胺反应时,反应产物可为C1-C54-烷基或烯基取代的酰胺基胺,如C1-C54-烷基或烯基取代的酰胺基丙基二甲胺。
用于第三季铵盐实例的合适的季铵化剂可选自由式IX烃基环氧化物组成的组
其中在式IX中的每个R独立地选自H和C1到C50烃基,和聚环氧化物。可用作季铵化剂的合适的环氧化物的非限制性实例可选自由以下组成的群组:1,3-双环氧丁二烯、环氧环己烷、环氧环戊烷、双环氧二环戊二烯、1,2,5,6-二环氧基环辛烷、1,2,7,8-二环氧基辛烷、1,2-环氧丁烷、顺式-2,3-环氧丁烷、3,4-环氧-1-丁烯、3,4-环氧环己基甲基、3,4-环氧基环己烷甲酸酯、1,2-环氧十二烷、1,2-环氧十六烷、1,2-环氧己烷、1,2-环氧-5-己烯、1,2-环氧-2-甲基丙烷、外-2,3-环氧降冰片烷、1,2-环氧辛烷、1,2-环氧戊烷、1,2-环氧-3-苯氧基丙烷、(2,3-环氧丙基)苯、N-(2,3-环氧丙基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺、1,2-环氧十四烷、外-3,6-环氧-1,2,3,6-四氢邻苯二甲酸酐、3,4-环氧四氢噻吩-1,1-二氧化物、异佛尔酮氧化物、甲基-1,2-环戊烯氧化物、2-甲基-2-环氧丁烷、α-环氧蒎烷、环氧乙烷(.+-.)-环氧丙烷、聚异丁烯氧化物、顺式-芪氧化物、环氧苯乙烷四氰基乙烯氧化物、三(2,3-环氧丙基)异氰脲酸酯和前述中的两种或更多种的组合。
来自酰胺基胺的季铵盐可以一步或两步制备。反应可通过使酰胺基胺与烯烃氧化物在反应容器中接触和混合进行,其中羧酸添加到反应混合物以提供质子化剂。羧酸可为用于制备酰胺基胺的相同酸,或可选自上文列出的脂肪酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、聚合酸和其混合物中的任一种,这类聚烯烃单或二羧酸、聚合多元酸和其混合物,等。当使用时,添加到反应混合物的每个摩尔的环氧当量质子化剂的摩尔比可在约0.5:10的范围内,例如每摩尔的环氧当量约2:5,或约1:2到约2:1摩尔的酸。在一个实施例中,季铵盐的阴离子为羧酸根阴离子。
反应可在约30℃到约90℃,例如约45℃到约70℃的范围内的温度下进行。反应可通过使任何量的叔氨基与足以提供季铵化合物的环氧基反应进行。在一个实施例中,叔氨基与环氧基的摩尔比可在约2:1到约1:2的范围内。当胺组分的酸值在约1到约200mg KOH/g的范围内时,反应介质可包括每摩尔当量的环氧化物约0.5摩尔到约2.0摩尔的羧酸。当反应完成时,可通过在真空下加热反应产物从反应产物去除挥发物和未反应的试剂。如果需要,可用矿物油、柴油燃料、煤油或惰性烃溶剂稀释产物,以防止产物太粘。
虽然提供上文所描述季铵盐实例,但是本文中所论述的燃料性能添加剂和破乳剂共混物还在其它季铵盐添加剂存在下提供改善的破乳。
燃料性能添加剂的其它组分
燃料性能添加剂和包括这类添加剂的燃料根据特定应用的需要还可包括一种或多种任选的组分。举例来说,添加剂和/或燃料可含有常规量的十六烷改善剂、辛烷改善剂、腐蚀抑制剂、低温流动改善剂(CFPP添加剂)、降凝剂、溶剂、破乳剂、润滑性添加剂、摩擦改进剂、胺稳定剂、燃烧改善剂、清洁剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂、热稳定剂、导电改善剂、金属钝化剂、标记染料、有机硝酸酯点火促进剂、环芳香族三羰基锰化合物、载液等。在一些方面,以添加剂浓缩物的总重量计,本文所描述的组合物可含有约10重量%或更少,或在其它方面,约5重量%或更少的上文添加剂中的一种或多种。类似地,燃料可含有合适量的常规燃料共混组分,如甲醇、乙醇、二烷基醚、2-乙基己醇等。
在所公开实施例的一些方面,可使用有机硝酸酯点火促进剂,其包括脂肪族或环脂族硝酸酯,其中脂肪族或环脂族基团为饱和的,并且含有至多约12个碳。可使用的有机硝酸酯点火促进剂的实例为硝酸甲酯、硝酸乙酯、硝酸丙酯、硝酸异丙酯、硝酸烯丙酯、硝酸丁酯、硝酸异丁酯、硝酸仲丁酯、硝酸叔丁酯、硝酸戊酯、硝酸异戊酯、硝酸2-戊酯、硝酸3-戊酯、硝酸己酯、硝酸庚酯、硝酸2-庚酯、硝酸辛酯、硝酸异辛酯、硝酸2-乙基己酯、硝酸壬酯、硝酸癸酯、硝酸十一烷酯、硝酸十二烷酯、硝酸环戊酯、硝酸环己酯、硝酸甲基环己酯、硝酸环十二烷酯、硝酸2-乙氧基乙酯、硝酸2-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)乙酯、硝酸四氢呋喃酯等。还可使用这类材料的混合物。
适用于本申请的组合物的合适的任选的金属钝化剂的实例公开于US4,482,357中,其公开内容以全文引用的方式并入本文中。这类金属钝化剂包括例如亚水杨基-邻-氨基苯酚、二亚水杨基乙二胺、二亚水杨基丙二胺,和N,N′-二亚水杨基-1,2-二氨基丙烷。
可在本申请的组合物中采用的合适的任选的环芳香族三羰基锰化合物包括例如环戊二烯基三羰基锰、甲基环戊二烯基三羰基锰、茚基三羰基锰,和乙基环戊二烯基三羰基锰。合适的环芳香族三羰基锰化合物的又其它实例公开于US5,575,823和US 3,015,668中,所述专利的公开内容均全文以引用的方式并入本文中。
其它市售清洁剂和/或添加剂可以与本文所描述的反应产物组合使用。这类清洁剂包括但不限于琥珀酰亚胺、曼尼希碱清洁剂、季铵化合物、如一般描述于美国专利申请序列第13/450,638号中的双-氨基三唑清洁剂和如一般描述于美国专利申请序列第13/240,233号和第13/454,697号中的烃基取代的二羧酸或酐和氨基胍的反应产物,其中反应产物每分子具有少于一当量氨基三唑基团。
本申请的添加剂(包括如上文所描述的破乳剂混合物)和用于配制本公开的添加剂和/或燃料的任何任选的添加剂可单独地或以各种子组合共混到基础燃料中。在一些实施例中,本申请的添加剂组分可使用添加剂浓缩物同时共混到燃料中,因为这利用当呈添加剂浓缩物形式时成分的组合提供的相互相容性和便利性。此外,使用浓缩物可减少共混时间并且减少共混错误的可能性。
基础燃料
本申请的燃料性能添加剂可应用到柴油、喷气或汽油燃料的操作。在一种方法中,包括本文的破乳剂共混物的燃料性能添加剂非常适合于柴油或汽油,并且,尤其汽油。在一个实施例中,燃料为汽油。在其它另一个实施例中,燃料为柴油。燃料可包括任何和所有的中间馏分燃料、柴油燃料、生物可再生燃料、生物柴油燃料、脂肪酸烷基酯、天然气合成油(GTL)燃料、汽油、喷气燃料、醇、醚、煤油、低硫燃料、合成燃料,如费舍尔-托普希燃料、液化石油气、船用油、煤制油(CTL)燃料、生物质制油(BTL)燃料、高沥青质燃料、衍生自煤(天然、清洁和石油焦)的燃料、基因工程生物燃料和农作物及其提取物,和天然气。如本文所用,“生物可再生燃料”应理解为意指衍生自除石油之外的资源的任何燃料。这类资源包括但不限于玉米、玉蜀黍、大豆和其它农作物;草,如柳枝稷、芒草和杂交草;海藻、海菜、植物油;天然脂肪;和其混合物。在一个方面,生物可再生燃料可包含单羟基醇,如包含1到约5个碳原子的那些。合适的单羟基醇的非限制性实例包括甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、叔丁醇、戊醇、异戊醇,和其混合物。优选燃料包括汽油燃料。
本文的燃料和燃料性能添加剂适合用于各种内燃机系统或发动机中。系统或发动机可包括固定发动机(例如用于发电设施、泵站等中的发动机)和动态发动机(例如用作在汽车、卡车、道路平整设备、军用车辆等中的原动机的发动机)。通过本文的燃烧系统或发动机意指内燃机,例如并且不限于Atkinson循环发动机、旋转发动机、喷雾引导、壁引导,和组合的壁/喷雾引导直接喷射汽油(“DIG”或“GDI”)发动机、涡轮增压DIG发动机、机械增压DIG发动机、均质燃烧DIG发动机、均质/分层DIG发动机、装配有压电喷射器的DIG发动机,每次喷射具有多个燃料脉冲能力、具有EGR的DIG发动机、具有稀薄NOx捕集器的DIG发动机、具有稀薄NOx催化剂的DIG发动机、具有SN-CR NOx控制的DIG发动机、具有用于NOx控制的在喷射之后(后燃烧)的排放柴油燃料的DIG发动机、装配有灵活燃料操作(例如,汽油、乙醇、甲醇、生物燃料、合成燃料、天然气、液化石油气(LPG)和其混合物)的DIG发动机。还包括带或不带先进排放后处理系统能力、带或不带涡轮机、带或不带增压器、带或不带组合的增压器/涡轮增压器、带或不带递送用于燃烧和排放物改善的添加剂的车载能力,和带或不带可变阀正时的常规和先进端口供应燃料的内燃机。另外包括汽油供应燃料的均质充气压缩点火(HCCI)发动机、柴油HCCI发动机、二冲程发动机、柴油燃料发动机、汽油燃料发动机、固定发电机、汽油和柴油HCCI、机械增压、涡轮增压的汽油和柴油直接喷射发动机、能够可变阀定时的发动机、贫燃烧发动机、能够使气缸失活的发动机或任何其它内燃机。燃烧系统的再其它实例包括在混合动力车辆中与电马达组合的上文列出的系统中的任何一种。
实例
以下实例说明本公开的例示性实施例。在这些实例以及在本申请中的其它地方中,除非另外指示,否则所有比率、份和百分比以重量计。旨在仅出于说明的目的呈现这些实例,并不旨在限制本公开的本发明的范围。
实例1
对如下表1和2中所示的比较和发明实例进行破乳化性测试,以确定添加剂组合物在水和燃料之间提供分离的难易程度。破乳化性根据ASTM D-1094进行。燃料为Market E091辛烷汽油,并且含有含季铵盐清洁剂的全配方的汽油性能添加剂。在表1A和1B中提供在燃料中的组分的相对比率,并且根据D-1094测试的破乳化性在表2中提供。
表1A:燃料组合物
表1B:破乳剂组分
表2:ASTM D1094破乳化性
组分 | 总水回收 | 回收时间20ml | 在5分钟时界面等级 |
比较实例1 | 20ml | 0:50 | 2 |
比较实例2 | 18ml | - | 4 |
比较实例3 | 20ml | 1:00 | 2 |
比较实例4 | 5ml | - | 4 |
比较实例5 | 18ml | - | 4 |
比较实例6 | 18ml | - | 3 |
比较实例7 | 15ml | - | 4 |
发明实例1 | 20ml | 0:30 | 1b |
发明实例2 | 20ml | 1:50 | 1b |
发明实例3 | 20ml | 1:00 | 1b |
如上所示,仅本发明样品展现最高界面等级,并且回收20ml的水的时间最短。比较样品均具有差界面等级,或不能回收20ml的水。
实例2
在此实例中,根据ASTM D-1094另外评估上表1A和1B的燃料和破乳剂组合物在Market E0 87辛烷汽油中的破乳化性,所述汽油具有含如在实例1中所阐述的季铵盐清洁剂的全配方汽油性能添加剂。结果在下表3中提供。
表3:ASTM D1094破乳化性
组分 | 总水回收 | 回收时间20ml | 在5分钟时界面等级 |
比较实例1 | 20ml | 1:00 | 2 |
比较实例2 | 5ml | - | 4 |
比较实例3 | 20ml | 2:00 | 1b |
比较实例4 | 20ml | 1:00 | 2 |
发明实例1 | 20ml | 1:20 | 1b |
发明实例2 | 20ml | 1:00 | 1b |
发明实例3 | 20ml | 0:45 | 1b |
与实例1的添加剂一样,仅本发明样品实现最高界面等级,以及回收20ml的水的时间最短。对如在2中所示的比较和发明实例进行破乳化性测试,以确定添加剂组合物在水和燃料之间提供分离的难易程度。破乳化性根据ASTM D-1094进行。燃料为Market E0 87辛烷汽油
应注意,除非明确地且肯定地限于一个指示物,否则如本说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用,单数形式“一(a/an)”和“所述(the)”包括多个指示物。因此,例如,提及“抗氧化剂”包括两种或更多种不同抗氧化剂。如本文所用,术语“包括”和其语法变型旨在为非限制性的,使得列表中项目的叙述不排除可取代或添加到所列项目中的其它类似项目。
出于本说明书和所附权利要求书的目的,除非另有指示,否则在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的所有表示量、百分比或比例的数值和其它数值应理解为在所有情况下均由术语“约”修饰。因此,除非相反地指示,否则以下说明书和所附权利要求书中所阐述的数值参数为可根据力求通过本公开获得的所期望性质而变化的近似值。最低限度地,并且不试图限制等效物原则应用于权利要求书的范围,至少应根据所报告的有效数字的数值并且通过应用一般四舍五入技术来解释每个数值参数。
应理解,本文所公开的每种组分、化合物、取代基或参数应解释为公开以单独地或与本文所公开的每一种其它组分、化合物、取代基或参数中的一个或多个组合使用。
应另外理解,本文所公开的每个范围应解释为具有相同有效数字数值的在所公开范围内的每个具体值的公开。因此,举例来说,1到4的范围应解释为值1、2、3和4以及这类值的任何范围的明确公开。
应另外理解,本文所公开的每个范围的每个下限应解释为与本文中针对相同组分、化合物、取代基或参数所公开的每个范围的每个上限和每个范围内的每个具体值组合公开。因此,本公开应解释为通过将每个范围的每个下限与每个范围的每个上限或与每个范围内的每个具体值组合、或通过将每个范围的每个上限与每个范围内的每个具体值组合推导的所有范围的公开。也就是说,还应另外理解,本文还讨论在宽范围内的端点值之间的任何范围。因此,1到4的范围还意指1到3、1到2、2到4、2到3等的范围。
此外,本说明书或实例中所公开的组分、化合物、取代基或参数的特定量/值应解释为一定范围的下限或上限的公开,并且因此可以与针对本申请中其它地方所公开的相同组分、化合物、取代基或参数的范围的任何其它下限或上限或特定量/值组合,以形成那种组分、化合物、取代基或参数的范围。
虽然已经描述特定实施例,但是申请人或所属领域的其他技术人员可想到当前未预见到或当前可能未预见到的替代方案、修改、变化、改善和实质性等同方案。因此,如提交并且如其可以被修正的所附权利要求书旨在涵盖所有所述替代方案、修改、变化、改善和实质性等同方案。
Claims (21)
1.一种燃料性能添加剂,其包含:
季铵盐,其由具有至少叔氨基的含氮化合物和季铵化剂的反应获得;和
破乳剂组分,所述破乳剂组分包括以下的共混物(i)至少两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其包括(i-1)第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其相对溶解度数为18到22,和(i-2)第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其相对溶解度数为12到16;(ii)烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;以及(iii)烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的相对溶解度数小于10。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物为具有25到75摩尔的环氧乙烷的乙氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物;和/或其中所述第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物为具有5到30摩尔的组合的环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的乙氧基化和丙氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物;和/或其中所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物衍生自二聚体脂肪二酸、三聚体脂肪三酸、二聚体脂肪二醇和/或三聚体脂肪三醇和至少一个环氧烷衍生基团,并且具有5到30总摩尔的烷氧基化部分;和/或其中所述烷氧基化聚亚胺具有10到50摩尔的烷氧基化部分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述破乳剂组分包括10重量%到50重量%的所述第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛、10重量%到50重量%的所述第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物、10重量%到50重量%的所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物和1重量%到15重量%的所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的共混物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述季铵盐与所述破乳剂组分的重量比为5:1到1:1;和/或所述燃料性能添加剂包括由(i)、(ii)和(iii)的共混物提供的45到190总摩尔的烷氧基化部分。
5.根据权利要求1所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述含氮化合物为烃基取代的酰化剂和具有能够与所述烃基取代的酰化剂缩合的氧或氮原子并且包括所述叔氨基的化合物的反应产物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述含氮化合物为包括所述叔氨基的多胺和伯胺、仲胺或其组合;和/或其中所述烃基取代的酰化剂为烃基取代的酯、酸酐、单酸或二酸;和/或其中所述季铵化剂选自由以下组成的组:烃基取代的羧酸酯、碳酸酯、酚盐、环氧化物、氨基甲酸酯、卤化物、硫酸酯、亚硫酸酯、硫化物、磺酸酯、磷酸酯、膦酸酯,或其混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述季铵化剂为烃基取代的羧酸酯,且所述羧酸酯为草酸酯。
8.根据权利要求6所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述烃基取代的酰化剂为烃基取代的琥珀酸或单酯。
9.根据权利要求5所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述季铵化剂选自由以下组成的组:环状碳酸酯、水杨酸酯,或其混合物。
10.根据权利要求1所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述季铵盐在选自羧酸和烷基酚的质子供体存在下衍生自含有至少一个叔氨基的酰胺基胺和环氧化物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述酰胺基胺在基本上没有酰化剂的反应介质中;和/或其中所述羧酸为脂肪酸。
12.根据权利要求10所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述质子供体为选自由以下组成的组的羧酸:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、聚合酸,或其混合物。
13.根据权利要求12所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述质子供体为聚异丁烯基琥珀酸。
14. 一种燃料性能添加剂,其包含:
季铵盐,所述季铵盐为衍生自季铵碳酸盐与有机酸的反应的烃基可溶季铵羧酸盐;和
破乳剂组分,所述破乳剂组分包括以下的共混物(i)至少两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其包括(i-1)第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其相对溶解度数为18到22,和(i-2)第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其相对溶解度数为12到16;(ii)烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;以及(iii)烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的相对溶解度数小于10。
15.根据权利要求14所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述季铵碳酸盐通过使碳酸二酯与叔酰胺基胺化合物反应形成;和/或其中所述季铵碳酸盐选自由以下组成的组:琥珀酰亚胺基烷基三烷基碳酸铵、琥珀酰胺基/琥珀酰基酯碳酸铵和酰胺基烷基三烷基碳酸铵。
16.根据权利要求14所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述有机酸选自由以下组成的组:硬脂酸、十九烷酸、花生酸、结核硬脂酸、十四碳烯酸、岩芹酸、油酸、异油酸、鳕油酸、聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀酸酯酸、酰胺酸、酰亚胺酸、十六烷二酸、十七烷二酸、十八烷二酸、十九烷二酸、二十烷二酸、3-己基-4-癸烯-1,2-二羧酸、3-己基-1,12-癸烷二羧酸、6-乙烯-9-十六烯-1,16-二羧酸、6-乙基-1,16-十六烷二羧酸、6-苯基-1,12-十二烷二羧酸、7,12-二甲基-7,1-十八碳二烯-1,18-二羧酸、7,12-二甲基-1,18-十八烷二羧酸、6,8-二苯基-1,14-十四烷二羧酸,和聚烷基或聚烯基琥珀二酸。
17.根据权利要求16所述的燃料性能添加剂,其中所述有机酸为反油酸。
18.一种燃料组合物,其包括大量的燃料和根据权利要求1或权利要求14所述的燃料性能添加剂。
19.根据权利要求18所述的燃料组合物,其中所述燃料选自汽油或柴油。
20.一种改善含添加剂的燃料的破乳化性的方法,所述方法包括:
将主要量的燃料与季铵盐燃料性能添加剂和包括以下的共混物的破乳剂组分组合:(i)至少两种烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其包括(i-1)第一烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其相对溶解度数为18到22,和(i-2)第二烷氧基化苯酚甲醛聚合物,其相对溶解度数为12到16;(ii)烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物,所述烷氧基化脂肪酸聚合物的相对溶解度数为12到16;和(iii)烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物,所述烷氧基化聚亚胺聚合物的相对溶解度数小于10。
21. 根据权利要求20所述的方法,其中所述燃料选自汽油或柴油;和/或其中所述改善的破乳化性根据ASTM D1094、ASTM D7451中的一个或其组合来测量。
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