CN112293482B - 一种果实保鲜剂和延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法 - Google Patents
一种果实保鲜剂和延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种果实保鲜剂，包括黄腐酸、海藻多糖和水，黄腐酸的浓度为400～800ppm，海藻多糖的浓度为200～600ppm。还公开了一种延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法，在柑橘果实成熟采摘前20～40天对柑橘果实喷施上述的果实保鲜剂。采摘前用黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂喷施挂树果实后，不仅延迟了果皮转色，延缓了果实成熟衰老的进程，起到一定的保鲜作用；而且由于其不易落果，类似留树贮藏，延长了果实成熟采摘期，缓解了果实集中上市导致腐烂的矛盾。黄腐酸/海藻多糖安全无毒，几近天然，对环境土壤也无害无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉属于农业技术领域，涉及果实贮藏、保鲜技术，具体涉及一种果实保鲜剂和延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法。
背景技术
一个产区的某个水果品种果实采收往往集中在同一个时间段，一方面使得果农在短时间内有繁重的采收工作，另一方面集中时间采收也不便于对采收的果实进行贮藏运输，造成果实大量堆积，容易烂果。临近采果前对柑橘果实果树喷施有益制剂不仅可以防止其落果并延长其挂果时间，还改变延迟了果皮转色时间和进程，从而起到延缓果实衰老的保鲜作用。以往一些果农对部分水果采用留树贮藏保鲜，即将果实留在树上不采收，所谓的“留树贮藏”除了分时段不只一次地向果树果实喷施药剂外，还会影响来年的收成，而且为了防止落果，一般多采用激素类药剂喷施果树，农业领域激素类制剂的过多使用会对人体和环境造成伤害和污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对上述问题，提供一种果实保鲜剂和采用这种果实保鲜剂延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法。
本发明为了实现其目的，采用的技术方案是：
一种果实保鲜剂，包含黄腐酸、海藻多糖和水，黄腐酸的浓度为400～800ppm，海藻多糖的浓度为200～600ppm。
作为优选地，所述果实保鲜剂中，黄腐酸的浓度为800ppm，海藻多糖的浓度为200ppm。
一种延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法，在柑橘果实成熟采摘前20～40天对其喷施上述的果实保鲜剂。
优选地，在柑橘果实成熟采摘前30天对柑橘果实喷施权利要求1或2所述的果实保鲜剂。
喷施处理的挂树果实比未经处理的果实延迟2-4周采摘。
优选地，所述的柑橘为砂糖橘。
本发明的另一目的是提供前述的果实保鲜剂在柑橘果实成熟期里挂树保鲜中的应用。
优选地，应用方式为在柑橘果实成熟采摘前20～40天对果实喷施该果实保鲜剂。
进一步优选地，应用方式为在柑橘果实成熟采摘前30天对果实喷施该果实保鲜剂。
本发明的有益效果是：采摘前用黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂喷施挂树果实后，不仅延迟了果皮转色，延缓了果实成熟衰老的进程，起到一定的保鲜作用；而且由于其不易落果，类似留树贮藏，延长了果实成熟采摘期，缓解了果实集中上市导致腐烂的矛盾。黄腐酸/海藻多糖安全无毒，几近天然，对环境土壤也无害无污染。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中果实处理和取样流程图。
图2是不同处理对柑橘果实果皮颜色影响照。
图3是不同处理与对照果皮色差值a*的结果比较。
图4是处理组与对照的果实果皮颜色影响照。
图5是处理与对照果皮色差值a,b,c和色调角的检测数据图。
图6是处理与对照的果实呼吸强度检测结果图。
图7是处理与对照样的叶绿素A和叶绿素B以及总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量检测结果。
图8是处理与对照样的脱落酸含量检测结果对比。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但并不因此而限制本发明。
下述实施例中的实验方法，如无特别说明，均为常规方法。
实施例1
一、试验材料：
实验于2018～2019年年底进行；砂糖橘选自广东省广州市从化区的5年树龄果园，每个处理5株树，3个重复，分别从每棵树按四个方位采取15个果实，随机混合后，选取15个果实作为样品待测，三个生物学重复。
二、检测仪器和方法
采用柯尼卡美能达KONICA MINOLTA CM-5分光测色计的色差仪检测果实果皮色差值；照相用数码相机固定拍摄；叶绿素A和B、类胡萝卜素以及内源激素脱落酸(ABA)等含量用液相-质谱仪检测。
三、处理药剂：
用水配制黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂，共设置三个浓度组合处理，三个处理的混合制剂中黄腐酸/海藻多糖浓度分别为400ppm/600ppm、600ppm/400ppm、800ppm/200ppm。
处理药剂配方中，黄腐酸粉剂购自上海通微生物技术有限公司，生化黄腐酸A型；海藻多糖粉剂购自西安奥赛生物科技有限公司，50％含量。
四、试验方法：
广州当地的沙糖橘成熟采收期一般集中在12月底，在果实成熟采摘前一个月(30天)对处理组的挂树果实喷施黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂，喷施时喷雾一次让果实上布满药液即可；喷施清水的砂糖橘果实作为对照。
喷施前当即采样作为基础样品(标记0DPT)，由此计时(从喷施时间算起)，然后处理组与对照组的果树果实分别于15天后采摘(记为15DPT)、30天后采摘(记为30DPT)以及30天后采摘果采后常温贮藏15天(记为15DAS)，检测刚采摘下的0DPT、15DPT、30DPT以及15DAS的果实相关指标。实验处理和取样流程设计如图1所示。
五、试验结果：
(1)不同浓度的混合制剂与清水对照的处理结果如图2、图3所示，由此发现黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂浓度为800ppm/200ppm的处理对于延缓果皮转色的时间和进程效果最好。
(2)检测黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂800ppm/200ppm处理与对照的15DPT、30DPT、15DAS样品的果实果皮色差值a,b,c与色调角。
结果如图4、图5所示，显示处理样(SWE)色调角低于100时的色调角大于对照(CK)，处理样果皮的a*b*c*值均小于对照，说明对照果实颜色更偏红-黄，也就是说处理样颜色还更青(发绿)。
(3)检测黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂800ppm/200ppm处理后与对照的15DPT、30DPT、15DAS样品的果实呼吸强度，结果如图6所示，未经处理的对照样呼吸更强，会使寿命缩短；反之处理样呼吸平稳且更低，这样可以延缓衰老，从而得以保鲜。
(4)检测黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂800ppm/200ppm处理与对照的15DPT、30DPT、15DAS果实样品中叶绿素A和叶绿素B以及总叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量，结果如图7所示，显示结果与图5的果皮色差值结果相呼应，从其物质含量也显示出绿色果(新鲜)的叶绿素水平更高，而显示黄色的类胡萝卜素含量还未上升，但对照已上升偏黄了。
(5)检测黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂800ppm/200ppm处理与对照的15DPT、30DPT、15DAS果实样品中的脱落酸(ABA)含量，结果如图8所示，显示对照样ABA含量较高，且处理样的15DPT、30DPT与对照差异显著(*P<0.05)，说明对照果更易脱落；而喷施黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂处理后的果实经过30天后脱落酸含量比对照明显更低，这样果蒂保持(绿)更不易形成离层而落果。
综合以上结果，发现处理样(SWE)比对照样果皮颜色转色慢，而且其呼吸强度均较低，脱落酸ABA的含量也更低，这样果蒂保持鲜绿不易脱落，相应也延长了其保鲜寿命；相反，对照样CK颜色很快变黄，更快走向衰老，难以挂树保鲜和贮藏。所以采前处理，至少可以延迟2-4周采收，类似于留树贮藏，在一定程度上解决了果实集中采收上市导致的腐烂等问题。
采前处理用黄腐酸/海藻多糖混合制剂喷施挂树果实不仅延迟了果皮转色，延缓了果实成熟衰老的进程，起到一定的保鲜作用；而且由于其不易落果，类似留树贮藏，延长了果实成熟采摘期，缓解了果实集中上市导致腐烂的矛盾。黄腐酸/海藻多糖安全无毒，几近天然，对环境土壤也无害无污染。
Claims (4)
1.一种延缓柑橘果实衰老延长挂果保鲜期的方法，其特征在于，在柑橘果实成熟采摘前20～40天对其喷施果实保鲜剂，喷施一次，让果实上布满药液即可，所述果实保鲜剂由生化黄腐酸、海藻多糖和水组成，生化黄腐酸的浓度为400～800 ppm，海藻多糖的浓度为200～600 ppm；喷施处理的挂树果实比未经处理的果实延迟2-4周采摘。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，生化黄腐酸的浓度为800 ppm，海藻多糖的浓度为200 ppm。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在柑橘果实成熟采摘前30天对柑橘果实喷施果实保鲜剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述的柑橘为砂糖橘。
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| JP2003171196A (ja) * | 2001-12-03 | 2003-06-17 | Gold Kosan Kk | 複合肥料 |
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| CN107494705A (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-22 | 兰溪市沉默生物科技有限公司 | 一种利用海藻多糖保鲜水果的方法 |
| CN110357711A (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-22 | 深圳市五谷网络科技有限公司 | 柑橘有机水溶肥及其制备方法 |
| CN111184035A (zh) * | 2020-01-07 | 2020-05-22 | 广东省石油与精细化工研究院 | 一种植物源留树保鲜剂及其使用方法 |
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| CN103918781A (zh) * | 2014-04-13 | 2014-07-16 | 许自霖 | 一种海藻多糖组合物可食性保鲜涂膜及其制备方法 |
| CN107494705A (zh) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-12-22 | 兰溪市沉默生物科技有限公司 | 一种利用海藻多糖保鲜水果的方法 |
| CN110357711A (zh) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-22 | 深圳市五谷网络科技有限公司 | 柑橘有机水溶肥及其制备方法 |
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