CN112280652A - Flowing type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization - Google Patents
Flowing type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization Download PDFInfo
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- 241000168517 Haematococcus lacustris Species 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
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- MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N astaxanthin Chemical compound C([C@H](O)C(=O)C=1C)C(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)C(=O)[C@@H](O)CC1(C)C MQZIGYBFDRPAKN-ZWAPEEGVSA-N 0.000 description 14
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
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- HDLNSTQYXPTXMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Astaxanthin-diacetat Natural products O=C1C(OC(=O)C)CC(C)(C)C(C=CC(C)=CC=CC(C)=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC=2C(CC(C(=O)C=2C)OC(C)=O)(C)C)=C1C HDLNSTQYXPTXMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/06—Tubular
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/20—Material Coatings
Abstract
A flow type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization is composed of a plurality of parallel and serial flow channels. The wall structure of the reactor is made of transparent materials such as glass, quartz, organic glass and the like. Light emitted by artificial light sources such as sunlight or LEDs is incident into the reactor through the top surface of the reactor, and the light intensity is exponentially attenuated from top to bottom in the reactor due to the absorption and scattering effects of haematococcus pluvialis cells on light energy in the reactor, so that the reactor is divided into areas with different light intensity in the height direction. The reactor of the invention can realize the synchronous operation of different growth stages of haematococcus pluvialis in the same floor area, has simple structure and realizes the cascade utilization of light energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a photobioreactor suitable for haematococcus pluvialis culture, in particular to a flowing type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization.
Background
With the development of economy, the living standard of people is continuously improved, and the field of food health care becomes a research hotspot at home and abroad at present. The natural astaxanthin has extremely strong oxidation resistance, can be used for removing free radicals in vivo, inhibiting tumors, improving human immunity, preventing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the like, has wide market application prospect, and is very important for mass synthesis of the natural astaxanthin.
Haematococcus pluvialis is known as a concentrated product of natural astaxanthin because astaxanthin (the content of astaxanthin can reach 5 percent of the dry weight of algal cells) can be synthesized in algal cells in large quantity under the condition of environmental stress, and is the currently accepted source of natural astaxanthin with the most commercial value. Haematococcus pluvialis is a freshwater unicellular green alga belonging to the phylum Chlorophyta, the family Haematococcus. Carotenoid can be accumulated in haematococcus pluvialis cells under the environmental stress conditions of strong light, nitrogen deficiency and the like, wherein more than 80 percent of the carotenoid is astaxanthin and astaxanthin ester. The culture of haematococcus pluvialis and the synthesis of intracellular astaxanthin are carried out in a photobioreactor, and the photobioreactor provides conditions such as proper illumination, temperature, pH and the like for the growth of haematococcus pluvialis cells.
Notably, H.pluvialis has unique growth characteristics, and as the environmental conditions change during the culture process, H.pluvialis develops different cell morphologies and intracellular material compositions during its growth phase. At present, the view commonly used internationally is to divide the whole growth phase of H.pluvialis into a green vegetative phase and a red chlamydospore phase. Specifically, when the haematococcus pluvialis cells are in low light intensity (20-90 mu mol m)-2s-1) Under the conditions of proper temperature, sufficient inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, haematococcus pluvialis cells rapidly divide and proliferate in the form of green swimming cells, the cell number is increased, and the biomass concentration is improved; however, when the haematococcus pluvialis cells are in high light intensity (100-480 mu mol m)-2s-1) And in the process of conversion, the cell volume is increased, the content of astaxanthin in the cells is increased, and the color of the cells is changed from green to red. Therefore, the environmental conditions required by the haematococcus pluvialis in the green nutrition stage and the red chlamydospore stage are obviously different, so that the haematococcus pluvialis culture process in the current stage mostly adopts a two-step method, namely the haematococcus pluvialis in the green nutrition stage and the red chlamydospore stageThe algae cells are respectively placed in different photobioreactors and different environmental conditions are applied, however, the process has the defects of complex operation, multiple reactors, large occupied area and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a flow type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization based on the characteristic that light intensity is exponentially attenuated when light energy is transmitted in haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension, and the light energy with different light intensities is used for culturing haematococcus pluvialis cells in different growth periods under the same floor area, so that the gradient utilization of the light energy is realized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a flowing type microalgal photobioreactor based on light energy cascade utilization, the reactor comprises transparent material, and the reactor comprises a plurality of parallel and the runner of establishing ties along the direction of height, and the green swimming cell suspension of low concentration haematococcus pluvialis gets into inside the reactor from the reactor bottommost runner to flow slowly upwards along reactor inner channel, and the red chlamydospore suspension of high concentration haematococcus pluvialis flows from the runner of reactor topmost layer finally.
Furthermore, the light source is positioned on the upper part of the wall surface at the top end of the reactor, the interior of the reactor is divided into areas with different light intensity sizes from top to bottom along the height direction, and the areas are a high light intensity area, a medium light intensity area and a low light intensity area from top to bottom in sequence.
Furthermore, the high light intensity area is used for the growth of haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospores, the medium light intensity area is used for inducing the conversion of haematococcus pluvialis green motile cells to red chlamydospores, and the low light intensity area is used for the culture of haematococcus pluvialis green motile cells.
Furthermore, the transparent material is glass, organic glass or quartz.
A three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of a flow type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization is shown in figure 1, the reactor is composed of a plurality of parallel and serial flow channels along the height direction under the same floor area, and the wall surface structure of the reactor is made of transparent materials such as glass, quartz, organic glass and the like.
Furthermore, light emitted by sunlight or artificial light sources such as LEDs is incident into the reactor through the top surface of the reactor, and due to the absorption and scattering effects of haematococcus pluvialis cells on light energy in the reactor, the light intensity is exponentially attenuated from top to bottom in the reactor, and the reactor is divided into areas with different light intensity sizes along the height direction, namely a high light intensity area, a medium light intensity area and a low light intensity area from top to bottom in sequence. The high light intensity area is used for the growth of haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospores, the medium light intensity area is used for inducing the conversion of haematococcus pluvialis green motile cells to the red chlamydospores, and the low light intensity area is used for the culture of the haematococcus pluvialis green motile cells.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of a flow type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization, wherein a haematococcus pluvialis green swimming cell suspension with low cell concentration and rich in inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus enters the reactor from a bottom flow channel of the reactor, the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension slowly flows upwards along the flow channel in the reactor to ascend layer by layer under the drive of a peristaltic pump, and finally a haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospore suspension with high concentration flows out from a top flow channel of the reactor. In the process that the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension flows in the flow channel in the reactor, when the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension is in an area with weak light intensity at the bottom, under the conditions of low light intensity and sufficient inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus of the haematococcus pluvialis cells, green swimming cells of the haematococcus pluvialis proliferate in a large quantity, the biomass concentration of the haematococcus pluvialis cells is increased, and meanwhile, the concentration of the inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension is reduced along the flowing direction of the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension. Then, along with the flowing of the algae cell suspension, the algae cell suspension enters a flow channel with higher light intensity in the reactor, the light intensity is higher in the flow channel, meanwhile, the concentration of inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the algae cell suspension is lower, the algae cells are under the stress condition which is not beneficial to the growth of the algae cells, the green swimming cells of the haematococcus pluvialis gradually lose flagella and are converted to red chlamydospores through different green cells and yellow immobile cells, and therefore, a region corresponding to the conversion process in the reactor can be changed into an induced conversion transition region.
Then, along with the flowing of the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension in the pipeline in the reactor, the distance from the light incidence surface of the reactor of the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension to the light incidence surface is further shortened, the light intensity received by the haematococcus pluvialis cells is further increased, meanwhile, inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension are further reduced to a depletion state, at the moment, under the synergistic stress action of the deficiency of the inorganic nutrient salts such as the high light intensity and the nitrogen and phosphorus, the content of the astaxanthin in the haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospores is further increased, and finally the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension with high biomass concentration and high astaxanthin content flows out of a top-layer flow channel of the reactor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the synchronous operation of different growth stages of haematococcus pluvialis in the same floor area is realized by the parallel series flow channels and by utilizing the characteristics that the light intensity is exponentially attenuated from top to bottom in the reactor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a flow type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy cascade utilization according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the operating principle of the flow type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy cascade utilization according to the present invention;
wherein, in the drawings: 1-incident light; 2-a reactor wall of transparent material; 3-the flow direction of the haematococcus pluvialis green motile cell suspension at the inlet of the reactor; 4-haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension; 5-the flow direction of the haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospore suspension at the outlet of the reactor; i — high light intensity region (red pachychium spore region); II-medium intensity region (transition region of induced transition); III-Low intensity region (Green motile cell region).
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, a flowing microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy cascade utilization, the main structure of the reactor is composed of a reactor wall surface 2 made of transparent materials, the reactor is divided into a plurality of flow channels which are parallel to each other and connected in series by the wall surface structure made of transparent materials along the height direction, a haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension 4 flows in the flow channels in the reactor, a haematococcus pluvialis green swimming cell suspension 3 with low biomass concentration enters the reactor from the flow channel at the bottom layer of the reactor, and finally a haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospore suspension 5 with high biomass concentration and high astaxanthin content flows out from the flow channel at the top layer of the reactor. The incident light 1 is incident into the photobioreactor from the upper area of the top of the reactor, and due to the absorption and scattering effects of the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension 4 on the light energy, the light intensity in the reactor is gradually reduced from top to bottom along the height direction, and the reactor is divided into three areas along the height direction, namely a high light intensity area I, a medium light intensity area II and a low light intensity area III. Accordingly, the haematococcus pluvialis cells in the low light intensity region III are in a green motile cell morphology, and thus the low light intensity region III is also referred to as a green motile cell region. The haematococcus pluvialis cells in the intermediate light intensity region II are in the process of the induced transition from the green phase to the red phase, and therefore the intermediate light intensity region II is also referred to as the induced transition region. The haematococcus pluvialis cells in the high intensity region I are in the red chlamydospore morphology, and therefore the high intensity region I is also referred to as a red chlamydospore region.
In this embodiment, the incident light 1 is provided by a rectangular white LED lamp panel, the incident light intensity of the reactor is adjusted by adjusting the power of the LED lamp panel and the distance between the lamp panel and the top panel of the reactor, and the light intensity of the top light incident surface of the reactor is 450 μmol m-2s-1And the wall surface 2 of the reactor made of transparent material is a transparent organic glass plate with the thickness of 3 mm.
In this particular example, the biomass concentration was 0.1g L-1The haematococcus pluvialis green swimming cell suspension 3 is driven by a peristaltic pump to be mixed with 0.2m h-1Enters the bottommost flow channel of the reactor and slowly flows forwards in the reactor pipeline. The light emitted by the white light LED rectangular lamp panel provides incident light 1 for photosynthesis of haematococcus pluvialis in the reactor, and after the incident light 1 enters the reactor, the light intensity is gradually reduced from top to bottom along the height direction of the reactor due to the existence of light attenuation. In the low light intensity area III, the haematococcus pluvialis green swimming cells are in low illuminationUnder the condition of sufficient nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus, the haematococcus pluvialis can be rapidly divided and proliferated, the cell number is increased, and the biomass concentration of the haematococcus pluvialis is increased; then, the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension with high biomass concentration enters a medium light intensity area II, in the area, the light intensity received by the haematococcus pluvialis cell is increased, the concentration of inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in a culture system is low, and the haematococcus pluvialis green swimming cells are gradually changed to red chlamydospores when the haematococcus pluvialis cells are under the environmental stress condition; then, the haematococcus pluvialis cell suspension enters a high light intensity region I in the reactor, in the region, the light intensity received by the haematococcus pluvialis cell is further increased, the concentration of inorganic nutrient salts such as nitrogen and phosphorus in a culture system is further reduced or completely exhausted, and under the synergistic stress action of high light intensity and nutrient salt deficiency, the content of astaxanthin in the haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospores is further increased; and finally, the haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospore suspension 5 with high biomass concentration and high astaxanthin content flows out from the top runner of the reactor. The height dimension and the flow passage dimension of the reactor are determined according to the specific haematococcus pluvialis species. The reactor of the invention can realize the synchronous operation of different growth stages of haematococcus pluvialis in the same floor area, has simple structure and realizes the cascade utilization of light energy.
Claims (4)
1. The flowing type microalgae photobioreactor based on light energy gradient utilization is characterized in that the reactor is made of transparent materials, the reactor is composed of a plurality of parallel flow channels connected in series along the height direction, low-concentration haematococcus pluvialis green swimming cell suspension enters the reactor from the bottom flow channel of the reactor and slowly flows upwards along the flow channel in the reactor, and finally high-concentration haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospore suspension flows out from the top flow channel of the reactor.
2. The flowing microalgae photobioreactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source is located at the upper portion of the top wall surface of the reactor, and the interior of the reactor is divided into regions with different light intensity from top to bottom along the height direction, and the regions are a high light intensity region, a medium light intensity region and a low light intensity region from top to bottom.
3. The flowing microalgae photobioreactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the high-light-intensity region is used for the growth of haematococcus pluvialis red chlamydospores, the medium-light-intensity region is used for inducing the conversion of haematococcus pluvialis green motile cells into red chlamydospores, and the low-light-intensity region is used for the culture of haematococcus pluvialis green motile cells.
4. The photobioreactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transparent material is glass, plexiglass or quartz.
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