CN112273531A - Grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on biological fermentation technology - Google Patents
Grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on biological fermentation technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on a biological fermentation technology, wherein the preparation process mainly comprises the following steps: s1: washing and soaking the collected grape branches, and introducing ozone water to eliminate pesticide residues; s2: crushing the pretreated grape branches, then carrying out high-pressure sterilization, and adding the mixed bacterial suspension for modified fermentation; s3: premixing modified grape branch powder with cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, vinasse, rice bran, bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour and calcium hydrophosphate, and adding fermentation liquor; s4: the fermented materials are stacked at the bottom of the fermentation chamber into long piles with the same length and height, the piles are covered for fermentation, and the fermented grape branch fermented feed is transmitted to a granulator for granulation through a transmission device. In a word, the invention has the advantages of advanced process, perfect scheme, novel equipment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed preparation, and particularly relates to a grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on a biological fermentation technology.
Background
The biological fermentation technology is a technology which adopts engineering technical means and utilizes certain functions of organisms (mainly microorganisms) and active isolated enzymes to produce useful biological products for human beings or directly uses the microorganisms to participate in controlling certain industrial production processes. The fermentation of yeast to produce beer, fruit wine, industrial alcohol, the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria to produce cheese and yogurt, and the mass production of penicillin by fungi are well known examples of this. With the progress of science and technology, fermentation technology has been greatly developed and has entered the modern fermentation engineering stage where microorganisms can be artificially controlled and modified to make them human-produced products. The modern fermentation engineering is an important component of the modern biotechnology and has wide application prospect. For example, genetic engineering methods are used to purposefully engineer the original species and increase their production; the microbial fermentation is used for producing medicines, such as human insulin, interferon, growth hormone and the like.
The feed prepared by fermenting the coarse feed by microorganisms is fermented feed, the coarse feed is rich in coarse fibers such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin substances, lignin and the like and protein, but is difficult to be directly digested and absorbed by animals, and the eating of the coarse feed can increase the intestinal burden and cause intestinal diseases. The fermented feed takes microorganism and complex enzyme as biological feed starter strains, and the feed raw materials are converted into microbial mycoprotein, bioactive small peptide amino acid, microbial active probiotics and complex enzyme preparation as an integrated biological fermented feed. The product not only can make up amino acid which is easy to be lacked in conventional feed, but also can quickly convert the nutrient components of other raw feed materials, thereby achieving the effect of enhancing digestion, absorption and utilization.
At present, in the prior art, a few processes for fermenting raw materials by utilizing grape branches are used, pesticide residues on the grape branches can influence the quality of the feed, and crude protein and crude fiber in the grape branches are difficult to ferment and convert, so that the invention designs a grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on a biological fermentation technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on a biological fermentation technology.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a grape branch fermented feed preparation process based on a biological fermentation technology mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: grape branch pretreatment
Cutting off dead branches of collected grape branches, flushing floating dust on the surfaces of the grape branches with clear water, immersing the grape branches in alkaline water with the concentration of 1000g/L for 30-50min, continuously carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the grape branches in the alkaline water by using an ultrasonic generator in the soaking process, taking out the grape branches after soaking, flushing the grape branches with the clear water, naturally airing, putting the aired grape branches into a sealed container, introducing ozone water into the sealed container by using an external ozone generator until the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water, opening the sealed container after the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water for 10-20min, taking out the grape branches after the ozone water is reduced into oxygen and water, flushing the grape branches with the deionized water, and airing for later use;
s2: grape branch pre-fermentation modification
Crushing the grape branches pretreated and dried by S1 by using a crusher to obtain grape branch powder, putting the grape branch powder into an autoclave, adding distilled water which submerges the grape branch powder into the autoclave, raising the temperature in the autoclave to 130 +/-5 ℃, sterilizing at high temperature for 20-30min, discharging pressure, standing, cooling, adding the mixed bacterial suspension into the cooled autoclave, culturing at room temperature for 23-35d, performing modified fermentation on the grape branches by using mixed bacteria to improve the protein content and protein activity of the grape branches, and obtaining modified grape branch powder after finishing the culture;
s3: preparation of composite fermentation raw material
Adding the modified grape branch powder obtained in the step S2, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, vinasse, rice bran, bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour and calcium hydrophosphate which are used as fermentation raw materials into a mixer of a grape branch fermentation feed preparation device according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1:2:3:2:5:2:2:1:1 for premixing, adding activated fermentation liquor into the mixer from a fermentation liquor activation tank after uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the fermentation raw materials is 1-2:500, and uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor and the fermentation raw materials to obtain a fermentation material;
s4: compost fermentation
Lifting the fermented materials to a transfer tank above a fermentation chamber by using a lifting device, stacking the fermented materials in the transfer tank into long piles with the same length and height on a movable plate at the bottom of the fermentation chamber by using a stacking and turning device in the fermentation chamber, covering and fermenting the long piles by using an automatic covering film device, and after the long piles are fermented for 1-2 days or the temperature of the long piles is raised to 50 ℃, and lifting the automatic film covering device, turning the long piled fermented materials by using the stacking and turning device, covering and fermenting the long piled fermented materials again by using the automatic film covering device after the turning is finished, repeatedly fermenting for 8-10 days, opening the movable plate to enable the fermented grape branch fermented feed to fall onto the transmission device, transmitting the fermented grape branch fermented feed to the granulator for granulation by using the transmission device, and carrying out vacuum packaging after cooling.
Further, in the step S1, the sealed container is heated to 40 to 50 ℃ to accelerate the reduction of the ozone water into oxygen and water, thereby reducing the waiting time for the reduction of the ozone water and accelerating the preparation process of the feed.
Further, the preparation method of the mixed bacterial suspension in the S2 comprises the following steps: taking the alternaria alternata, the bifidobacterium and the bacillus subtilis to respectively culture and activate on a culture medium for 3-5d, then respectively transferring the activated alternaria alternata, the bifidobacterium and the bacillus subtilis to a liquid culture medium for culture for 5-7d, and mixing the liquid culture medium to obtain a mixed bacterial suspension, wherein the mass of the mixed bacterial suspension is 2-3 times of that of grape branch powder.
Further, the fermentation liquor in the S3 comprises a compound enzyme liquid and a compound bacterial liquid, wherein the compound enzyme liquid comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase, neutral protease, mannase and glucose oxidase in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, the compound bacterial liquid comprises bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, and the total bacterial number in each milliliter of the compound bacterial liquid is 2-3 × 108The CFU and the compound enzyme can promote the macromolecular decomposition of the fermentation raw materials, produce a large amount of nutrient substances with high absorption rate, and the compound bacteria can improve the feed conversion rate, inhibit the generation of mould and improve the mouthfeel of the feed.
Further, the method for activating the fermentation liquor in the S3 comprises the following steps: adding brown sugar and warm water of 40-50 ℃ into a fermentation liquor activation tank, uniformly stirring, pouring the fermentation liquor into the fermentation liquor activation tank, adding water, brown sugar and fermentation liquor in a ratio of 5:1:1, sealing the fermentation liquor activation tank for 3-5 days to fully ferment and activate the fermentation liquor, activating the fermentation liquor, and adding the activated fermentation liquor into fermentation raw materials, so that the complex enzyme and the complex bacteria in the fermentation liquor can rapidly act, and the preparation rate of the feed is improved.
The preparation equipment for preparing the grape branch fermented feed by using the preparation process mainly comprises a mixer, a fermentation liquor activation tank, a lifting device, a fermentation chamber, a transmission device and a granulator,
the mixer is fixedly arranged on the horizontal ground through supporting legs, the mixer comprises a mixing tank for mixing fermentation raw materials and fermentation liquor, a stirring device arranged in the mixing tank and a discharge valve arranged at the lower end of the mixing tank,
the fermentation liquor activation tank is connected to the outer side of the mixer, is communicated with the interior of the mixing tank through a metering valve and is used for adding quantitative fermentation liquor into the mixing tank,
the lifting device comprises a conveyor belt, one end of the conveyor belt is positioned below the mixer, the other end of the conveyor belt is positioned above the fermentation chamber, a lifting hopper is arranged on the conveyor belt and used for lifting the fermentation material discharged by the discharge valve to the position above the fermentation chamber through the conveyor belt,
the fermentation chamber is arranged on the horizontal ground on the right side of the mixer, the top of the fermentation chamber is provided with a transit groove communicated with the conveyor belt, the transit groove is used for storing fermented materials,
the stacking and turning device is arranged in the fermentation chamber and used for stacking the fermentation materials in the transfer groove into stacked fermentation materials and turning the fermentation materials, the stacking and turning device comprises two sliding grooves which are arranged on the front inner side wall and the rear inner side wall of the fermentation chamber in parallel, sliding seats which are respectively arranged in the two sliding grooves, two sliding rods which are connected with the two sliding seats in parallel, and a stacking machine which is connected with the two sliding rods in a sliding and hanging manner, a material pump which is connected with the bottom end of the transfer groove through a material pipe is arranged on the stacking machine and used for transferring the fermentation materials in the transfer groove into the fermentation chamber, and the turning device used for turning the fermentation materials is also arranged in the stacking machine,
the bottom of the fermentation chamber is provided with 3-5 movable plates for bearing fermentation materials, the movable plates comprise two mutually combined strip-shaped rotating plates, an aggregate funnel connected below the rotating plates and a hydraulic rod arranged on the inner wall of the aggregate funnel and used for supporting the rotating plates,
the bottom of the fermentation chamber is also provided with positioning rods which are evenly arranged around the movable plate in groups,
an automatic covering film device for covering the fermentation material pile is also arranged at the top in the fermentation chamber, the automatic covering film device comprises a plurality of groups of electric telescopic rods corresponding to the positioning rods, sleeves which can be sleeved on the positioning rods are arranged at the lower ends of the electric telescopic rods, covering films are connected between the sleeves,
the conveying device comprises a transverse conveying belt arranged at a discharge port at the bottom of the collecting hopper and an inclined conveying belt connected with the transverse conveying belt and used for conveying fermented grape branch fermented feed to the granulator, and the granulator is used for granulating the fermented grape branch fermented feed.
Furthermore, spaces for moving the stacking and turning device are reserved on the front side and the rear side inside the fermentation chamber, so that fermented materials are prevented from being scattered when the stacking machine moves transversely on the movable plate.
Furthermore, a plurality of vibrators for assisting the fermented materials in the material pipe to descend are arranged on the material pipe, so that the fermented materials are prevented from being adhered to the inner wall of the material pipe, and the discharging of the material pipe is not facilitated or blocked.
Further, the inner side face of the covering film is provided with a temperature monitor for monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material pile, the temperature monitor can monitor the temperature of the fermentation material pile, when the temperature reaches a set temperature range, the temperature monitor sends a monitoring signal to the stacker crane, and the stacker crane performs pile turning operation according to the monitoring signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the grape branch fermented feed preparation process and equipment based on the biological fermentation technology provided by the invention have the advantages that the pruned grape branches are subjected to surface cleaning and surface pesticide residue removal, so that the grape branches can be used as feed production raw materials without causing feed quality reduction, then the sterilized grape branches are subjected to fermentation pre-modification to improve the protein content and protein activity of the grape branches, then the grape branch raw materials and other raw materials are subjected to automatic mixing, stacking, fermentation and other operations by utilizing the preparation equipment, the fermentation raw materials are fermented by utilizing the complex enzyme and the complex bacteria, the complex enzyme can promote the macromolecular decomposition of the fermentation raw materials to generate a large amount of nutrient substances with high absorption rate, the complex enzyme can improve the feed conversion rate and inhibit the generation of mold, the taste of the feed can be improved, and the preparation equipment can also automatically turn over the stacks when the temperature of the fermentation raw material stacks rises to a set temperature, so that the fermentation raw materials are fully fermented inside and outside. In a word, the invention has the advantages of advanced process, perfect scheme, novel equipment and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall construction of a production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a fermentation chamber of the production apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a slide bar structure of the manufacturing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the bottom structure of a fermentation chamber of the production apparatus of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-a mixer, 11-a mixing tank, 12-a stirring device, 13-a discharge valve, 2-a fermentation liquor activation tank, 21-a metering valve, 3-a lifting device, 31-a conveyor belt, 32-a lifting hopper, 4-a fermentation chamber, 41-a positioning rod, 5-a transit tank, 51-a material pipe, 511-a vibrator, 6-a stacking and turning device, 61-a sliding tank, 62-a sliding seat, 63-a sliding rod, 64-a stacker, 641-a material pump, 642-a stacking and turning device, 7-a movable plate, 71-a rotating plate, 72-an aggregate funnel, 73-a hydraulic rod, 8-an automatic covering membrane device, 81-an electric telescopic rod, 82-a sleeve, 83-a covering membrane, 84-a temperature monitor, 9-conveying device, 91-transverse conveyor belt, 92-inclined conveyor belt and 10-granulator.
Detailed Description
For the understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is further illustrated with reference to fig. 1 to 4 and the specific embodiments, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: a grape branch fermented feed preparation process based on a biological fermentation technology mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: grape branch pretreatment
Cutting dead branches of collected grape branches, flushing floating dust on the surfaces of the grape branches with clear water, immersing the grape branches in alkaline water with the concentration of 1000g/L for 30min, continuously carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the grape branches in the alkaline water by using an ultrasonic generator in the soaking process, taking out the grape branches after soaking, flushing the grape branches with the clear water, naturally airing, putting the aired grape branches into a sealed container, introducing ozone water into the sealed container by using an external ozone generator until the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water, soaking the grape branches in the ozone water for 10min, opening the sealed container, taking out the grape branches after the ozone water is reduced into oxygen and water, flushing the grape branches with the deionized water, airing for later use, and accelerating the ozone water to be reduced into the oxygen and the water by heating the sealed container to 40 ℃;
s2: grape branch pre-fermentation modification
Crushing the grape branches pretreated and dried by S1 by a crusher to obtain grape branch powder, putting the grape branch powder into an autoclave, adding distilled water which submerges the grape branch powder into the autoclave, raising the temperature in the autoclave to 125 ℃, sterilizing at high temperature for 20min, discharging pressure, standing, cooling, adding the mixed bacterial suspension into the cooled autoclave, culturing at room temperature for 23d, performing modified fermentation on the grape branches by using mixed bacteria to improve the protein content and protein activity of the grape branches, obtaining modified grape branch powder after finishing the culture,
the preparation method of the mixed bacterial suspension comprises the following steps: taking alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to respectively culture and activate on a culture medium for 3d, then respectively transferring the activated alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to a liquid culture medium by using an inoculating needle to culture for 5d, and mixing the liquid culture medium to obtain a mixed bacterial suspension, wherein the mass of the mixed bacterial suspension is 2 times of that of grape branch powder;
s3: preparation of composite fermentation raw material
Adding the modified grape branch powder obtained in the step S2, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, vinasse, rice bran, bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour and calcium hydrophosphate which are used as fermentation raw materials into a mixer 1 of grape branch fermented feed preparation equipment according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1:2:3:2:5:2:2:1:1 for premixing, adding activated fermentation liquor into the mixer 1 through a fermentation liquor activation tank 2 after uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the fermentation raw materials is 1:500, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor and the fermentation raw materials to obtain a fermentation material,
the fermentation liquor comprises a compound enzyme liquid and a compound bacterial liquid, the compound enzyme liquid comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase, neutral protease, mannase and glucose oxidase in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, the compound bacterial liquid comprises bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3:1:5, and the total bacterial count in each milliliter of the compound bacterial liquid is 2 multiplied by 108CFU，
The activation method of the fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: adding brown sugar and warm water of 40 ℃ into the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, uniformly stirring, pouring the fermentation liquid into the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, adding water, brown sugar and fermentation liquid in a ratio of 5:1:1, sealing the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, and fermenting for 3d to fully ferment and activate the fermentation liquid;
s4: compost fermentation
Lifting the fermented materials to a transfer tank 5 above a fermentation chamber 4 by using a lifting device 3, then stacking the fermented materials in the transfer tank 5 into long piles with the same length and height on a movable plate 7 at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 4 by using a stacking and turning device 6 in the fermentation chamber 4, covering and fermenting the long piles by using an automatic covering film device 8, rising the automatic covering film device 8 after the long piles are fermented for 1 day or when the temperature of the long piles is raised to 50 ℃, turning the long piles by using the stacking and turning device 6, covering and fermenting the long piles again by using the automatic covering film device 8 after the turning is finished, opening the movable plate 7 after the repeated fermentation for 8 days to enable the fermented grape branch fermented feeds to fall onto a transmission device 9, and transmitting the grape branch fermented feeds to a granulator 10 by using the transmission device 9 for granulation, cooling and vacuum packaging.
Example 2: a grape branch fermented feed preparation process based on a biological fermentation technology mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: grape branch pretreatment
Cutting dead branches of collected grape branches, flushing floating dust on the surfaces of the grape branches with clear water, immersing the grape branches in 1000g/L alkaline water for 40min, continuously carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the grape branches in the alkaline water by using an ultrasonic generator in the soaking process, taking out the grape branches after soaking, flushing the grape branches with clear water, naturally airing, putting the aired grape branches into a sealed container, introducing ozone water into the sealed container by using an external ozone generator until the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water, soaking the grape branches in the ozone water for 15min, opening the sealed container, taking out the grape branches after the ozone water is reduced into oxygen and water, flushing the grape branches with deionized water, airing for later use, and accelerating the reduction of the ozone water into the oxygen and water by heating the sealed container to 45 ℃;
s2: grape branch pre-fermentation modification
Crushing the grape branches pretreated and dried by S1 by a crusher to obtain grape branch powder, putting the grape branch powder into an autoclave, adding distilled water which submerges the grape branch powder into the autoclave, raising the temperature in the autoclave to 130 ℃, sterilizing at high temperature for 25min, discharging pressure, standing, cooling, adding the mixed bacterial suspension into the cooled autoclave, culturing at room temperature for 30d, performing modified fermentation on the grape branches by using mixed bacteria to improve the protein content and protein activity of the grape branches, obtaining modified grape branch powder after finishing the culture,
the preparation method of the mixed bacterial suspension comprises the following steps: taking alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to respectively culture and activate on a culture medium for 4d, then respectively transferring the activated alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to a liquid culture medium by using an inoculating needle to culture for 6d, and mixing the liquid culture medium to obtain a mixed bacterial suspension, wherein the mass of the mixed bacterial suspension is 2.5 times of that of the grape branch powder;
s3: preparation of composite fermentation raw material
Adding the modified grape branch powder obtained in the step S2, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, vinasse, rice bran, bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour and calcium hydrophosphate which are used as fermentation raw materials into a mixer 1 of grape branch fermented feed preparation equipment according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1:2:3:2:5:2:2:1:1 for premixing, adding activated fermentation liquor into the mixer 1 through a fermentation liquor activation tank 2 after uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the fermentation raw materials is 1.5:500, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor and the fermentation raw materials to obtain a fermentation material,
the fermentation liquor comprises a compound enzyme liquid and a compound bacterial liquid, the compound enzyme liquid comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase, neutral protease, mannase and glucose oxidase in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, the compound bacterial liquid comprises bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3:1:5, and the total bacterial count in each milliliter of the compound bacterial liquid is 2.5 multiplied by 108CFU，
The activation method of the fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: adding brown sugar and warm water of 45 ℃ into the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, uniformly stirring, pouring the fermentation liquid into the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, adding water, brown sugar and fermentation liquid in a ratio of 5:1:1, sealing the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, and fermenting for 4d to fully ferment and activate the fermentation liquid;
s4: compost fermentation
Lifting the fermented materials to a transfer tank 5 above a fermentation chamber 4 by using a lifting device 3, then stacking the fermented materials in the transfer tank 5 into long piles with the same length and height on a movable plate 7 at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 4 by using a stacking and turning device 6 in the fermentation chamber 4, covering and fermenting the long piles by using an automatic covering film device 8, rising the automatic covering film device 8 after the long piles are fermented for 1.5 days or when the temperature of the long piles is raised to 50 ℃, turning the long piles by using the stacking and turning device 6, covering and fermenting the long piles again by using the automatic covering film device 8 after the turning is finished, opening the movable plate 7 after 9 days of repeated fermentation, dropping the fermented grape branch fermented feeds onto a transmission device 9, transmitting the grape branch fermented feeds to a pelletizer 10 by using the transmission device 9 for pelleting, cooling and vacuum packaging.
Example 3: a grape branch fermented feed preparation process based on a biological fermentation technology mainly comprises the following steps:
s1: grape branch pretreatment
Cutting dead branches of collected grape branches, flushing floating dust on the surfaces of the grape branches with clear water, immersing the grape branches in 1000g/L alkaline water for 50min, continuously carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the grape branches in the alkaline water by using an ultrasonic generator in the soaking process, taking out the grape branches after soaking, flushing the grape branches with clear water, naturally airing, putting the aired grape branches into a sealed container, introducing ozone water into the sealed container by using an external ozone generator until the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water, soaking the grape branches in the ozone water for 20min, opening the sealed container, taking out the grape branches after the ozone water is reduced into oxygen and water, flushing the grape branches with deionized water, airing for later use, and accelerating the reduction of the ozone water into the oxygen and water by heating the sealed container to 50 ℃;
s2: grape branch pre-fermentation modification
Crushing the grape branches pretreated and dried by S1 by a crusher to obtain grape branch powder, putting the grape branch powder into an autoclave, adding distilled water which submerges the grape branch powder into the autoclave, raising the temperature in the autoclave to 135 ℃, sterilizing at high temperature for 30min, discharging pressure, standing, cooling, adding the mixed bacterial suspension into the cooled autoclave, culturing at room temperature for 35d, performing modified fermentation on the grape branches by using mixed bacteria to improve the protein content and protein activity of the grape branches, obtaining modified grape branch powder after finishing the culture,
the preparation method of the mixed bacterial suspension comprises the following steps: taking alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to respectively culture and activate on a culture medium for 5d, then respectively transferring the activated alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to a liquid culture medium by using an inoculating needle to culture for 7d, and mixing the liquid culture medium to obtain a mixed bacterial suspension, wherein the mass of the mixed bacterial suspension is 3 times of that of the grape branch powder;
s3: preparation of composite fermentation raw material
Adding the modified grape branch powder obtained in the step S2, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, vinasse, rice bran, bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour and calcium hydrophosphate which are used as fermentation raw materials into a mixer 1 of grape branch fermented feed preparation equipment according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1:2:3:2:5:2:2:1:1 for premixing, adding activated fermentation liquor into the mixer 1 through a fermentation liquor activation tank 2 after uniformly mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the fermentation raw materials is 2:500, uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor and the fermentation raw materials to obtain a fermentation material,
the fermentation liquor comprises a compound enzyme liquid and a compound bacterial liquid, the compound enzyme liquid comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase, neutral protease, mannase and glucose oxidase in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, the compound bacterial liquid comprises bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycetes, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3:1:5, and the total bacterial count in each milliliter of the compound bacterial liquid is 3 multiplied by 108CFU，
The activation method of the fermentation liquor comprises the following steps: adding brown sugar and warm water of 50 ℃ into the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, uniformly stirring, pouring the fermentation liquid into the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, adding water, brown sugar and fermentation liquid in a ratio of 5:1:1, sealing the fermentation liquid activation tank 2, and fermenting for 5d to fully ferment and activate the fermentation liquid;
s4: compost fermentation
Lifting the fermented materials to a transfer tank 5 above a fermentation chamber 4 by using a lifting device 3, then stacking the fermented materials in the transfer tank 5 into long piles with the same length and height on a movable plate 7 at the bottom of the fermentation chamber 4 by using a stacking and turning device 6 in the fermentation chamber 4, covering and fermenting the long piles by using an automatic covering film device 8, rising the automatic covering film device 8 after the long piles are fermented for 2 days or when the temperature of the long piles is raised to 50 ℃, turning the long piles by using the stacking and turning device 6, covering and fermenting the long piles again by using the automatic covering film device 8 after the turning is finished, opening the movable plate 7 after 10 days of repeated fermentation, dropping the fermented grape branch fermented feeds onto a transmission device 9, and transmitting the grape branch fermented feeds to a granulator 10 by using the transmission device 9 for granulation, cooling and vacuum packaging.
The preparation equipment for preparing the grape branch fermented feed by the preparation process in the embodiment comprises the following steps: as shown in figure 1, mainly comprises a mixer 1, a fermentation liquor activation tank 2, a lifting device 3, a fermentation chamber 4, a conveying device 9 and a granulator 10,
the mixer 1 is fixedly arranged on the horizontal ground through supporting legs, the mixer 1 comprises a mixing tank 11 for mixing fermentation raw materials and fermentation liquor, a stirring device 12 arranged in the mixing tank 11 and a discharge valve 13 arranged at the lower end of the mixing tank 11,
the fermentation liquor activation tank 2 is connected with the outer side of the mixer 1, the fermentation liquor activation tank 2 is communicated with the interior of the mixing tank 11 through a metering valve 21 and is used for adding quantitative fermentation liquor into the mixing tank 11,
the lifting device 3 comprises a conveyor belt 31 with one end positioned below the mixer 1 and the other end positioned above the fermentation chamber 4, an elevator bucket 32 is arranged on the conveyor belt 31, the elevator bucket 32 is used for lifting the fermentation material discharged by the discharge valve 13 to the upper part of the fermentation chamber 4 through the conveyor belt 31,
the fermentation chamber 4 is arranged on the horizontal ground on the right side of the mixer 1, the top of the fermentation chamber 4 is provided with a transit groove 5 communicated with the conveyor belt 31, the transit groove 5 is used for storing fermentation materials,
as shown in fig. 2, a stacking and turning device 6 for stacking and turning over the fermentation materials in the transfer tank 5 into a stack of fermentation materials is arranged in the fermentation chamber 4, as shown in fig. 3, the stacking and turning device 6 comprises two sliding grooves 61 arranged in parallel on the front and rear inner side walls of the fermentation chamber 4, sliding seats 62 respectively arranged in the two sliding grooves 61, two sliding rods 63 connected in parallel with the two sliding seats 62, and a stacker 64 slidably connected to the two sliding rods 63, a material pump 641 connected with the bottom end of the transfer tank 5 through a material pipe 51 is arranged on the stacker 64, a plurality of vibrators 511 for assisting the fermentation materials in the material pipe 51 to descend are arranged on the material pipe 51, the material pump 641 is used for transferring the fermentation materials in the transfer tank 5 into the fermentation chamber 4, a turning device 642 for turning over the fermentation materials is also arranged in the stacker 64, spaces for moving the stacking and turning device 6 are reserved on the front and rear sides in the fermentation chamber 4,
the bottom of the fermentation chamber 4 is provided with 3 movable plates 7 for bearing fermentation materials, the movable plates 7 comprise two mutually combined long strip-shaped rotating plates 71, a collecting hopper 72 connected below the rotating plates 71 and a hydraulic rod 73 arranged on the inner wall of the collecting hopper 72 and used for supporting the rotating plates 71,
as shown in FIG. 4, the bottom of the fermentation chamber 4 is further provided with positioning rods 41, the positioning rods 41 are uniformly arranged around the movable plate 7 in groups,
an automatic covering film device 8 for covering the fermentation material pile is arranged at the top in the fermentation chamber 4, the automatic covering film device 8 comprises a plurality of groups of electric telescopic rods 81 corresponding to the positioning rods 41, sleeves 82 which can be sleeved on the positioning rods 41 are arranged at the lower ends of the electric telescopic rods 81, a covering film 83 is connected between the sleeves 82, a temperature monitor 84 for monitoring the temperature of the fermentation material pile is arranged on the inner side surface of the covering film 83,
the conveying device 9 comprises a transverse conveying belt 91 arranged at a discharge port at the bottom of the collecting hopper 72 and an inclined conveying belt 92 connected with the transverse conveying belt 91 and used for conveying fermented grape branch fermented feed to the granulator 10, and the granulator 10 is used for granulating the fermented grape branch fermented feed.
Claims (9)
1. A grape branch fermented feed preparation process based on a biological fermentation technology is characterized by mainly comprising the following steps:
s1: grape branch pretreatment
Cutting off dead branches of collected grape branches, flushing floating dust on the surfaces of the grape branches with clear water, immersing the grape branches in alkaline water with the concentration of 1000g/L for 30-50min, continuously carrying out ultrasonic cleaning on the grape branches in the alkaline water by using an ultrasonic generator in the soaking process, taking out the grape branches after soaking, flushing the grape branches with the clear water, naturally airing, putting the aired grape branches into a sealed container, introducing ozone water into the sealed container by using an external ozone generator until the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water, opening the sealed container after the grape branches are immersed in the ozone water for 10-20min, taking out the grape branches after the ozone water is reduced into oxygen and water, flushing the grape branches with the deionized water, and airing for later use;
s2: grape branch pre-fermentation modification
Crushing the grape branches pretreated and dried by S1 by using a crusher to obtain grape branch powder, putting the grape branch powder into an autoclave, adding distilled water which submerges the grape branch powder into the autoclave, raising the temperature in the autoclave to 130 +/-5 ℃, sterilizing at high temperature for 20-30min, discharging pressure, standing, cooling, adding the mixed bacterial suspension into the cooled autoclave, culturing at room temperature for 23-35d, performing modified fermentation on the grape branches by using mixed bacteria to improve the protein content and protein activity of the grape branches, and obtaining modified grape branch powder after finishing the culture;
s3: preparation of composite fermentation raw material
Adding the modified grape branch powder obtained in the step S2, cottonseed meal, fish meal, meat and bone meal, vinasse, rice bran, bagasse, wheat bran, corn flour and calcium hydrophosphate which are used as fermentation raw materials into a mixer (1) of grape branch fermented feed preparation equipment according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1:2:3:2:5:2:2:1:1 for premixing, adding activated fermentation liquor into the mixer (1) through a fermentation liquor activation tank (2) after uniform mixing, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation liquor to the fermentation raw materials is 1-2:500, and uniformly mixing the fermentation liquor and the fermentation raw materials to obtain a fermentation material;
s4: compost fermentation
Lifting fermented materials to a transfer tank (5) above a fermentation chamber (4) by using a lifting device (3), then stacking the fermented materials in the transfer tank (5) on a movable plate (7) at the bottom of the fermentation chamber (4) into long stacks with the same length and the same height by using a stacking and turning device (6) in the fermentation chamber (4), covering and fermenting the long stacks of fermented materials by using an automatic covering film device (8), rising the automatic covering film device (8) after the long stacks of fermented materials are fermented for 1-2d or when the temperature of the long stacks of fermented materials rises to 50 ℃, turning the long stacks of fermented materials by using the stacking and turning device (6), covering and fermenting the long stacks of fermented materials again by using the automatic covering film device (8) after the turning is finished, opening the movable plate (7) after the repeated fermentation is carried out for 8-10d, and enabling the fermented grape branch fermented feeds to fall onto a transmission device (9), the transmission device (9) transmits the grape branch fermented feed to a granulator (10) for granulation, and the cooled grape branch fermented feed is packaged in vacuum.
2. The process for preparing grape branch fermented feed based on biofermentation technology according to claim 1, wherein in the S1, the reduction of ozone water into oxygen and water can be accelerated by heating the sealed container to 40-50 ℃.
3. The preparation process of the grape branch fermented feed based on the biological fermentation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the mixed bacterial suspension in the S2 comprises the following steps: taking alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to respectively culture and activate on a culture medium for 3-5d, then respectively transferring the activated alternaria alternata, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis to a liquid culture medium by using an inoculating needle to culture for 5-7d, and mixing the liquid culture medium to obtain a mixed bacterial suspension, wherein the mass of the mixed bacterial suspension is 2-3 times of that of grape branch powder.
4. The preparation process of the grape branch fermented feed based on the biological fermentation technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation broth in S3 comprises a complex enzyme solution and a complex bacteria solution, the complex enzyme solution comprises cellulase, beta-glucanase, neutral protease, mannase and glucose oxidase in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3, the complex bacteria solution comprises bacillus licheniformis, saccharomycete, lactobacillus plantarum, enterococcus faecalis, acetic acid bacteria, actinomycetes and lactic acid bacteria in a mass ratio of 1:1:2:1:3: 5, and the total bacteria number in the complex bacteria solution per ml is 2-3 x 108CFU。
5. Equipment for preparing grape branch fermented feed by using the preparation process according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized by mainly comprising a mixer (1), a fermentation liquor activation tank (2), a lifting device (3), a fermentation chamber (4), a conveying device (9) and a granulator (10),
the mixer (1) is fixedly arranged on the horizontal ground through supporting legs, the mixer (1) comprises a mixing tank (11) for mixing fermentation raw materials and fermentation liquor, a stirring device (12) arranged in the mixing tank (11) and a discharge valve (13) arranged at the lower end of the mixing tank (11),
the fermentation liquor activation tank (2) is connected to the outer side of the mixer (1), the fermentation liquor activation tank (2) is communicated with the interior of the mixing tank (11) through a metering valve (21) and is used for adding quantitative fermentation liquor into the mixing tank (11),
the lifting device (3) comprises a conveyor belt (31) with one end positioned below the mixer (1) and the other end positioned above the fermentation chamber (4), the conveyor belt (31) is provided with a lifting hopper (32), the lifting hopper (32) is used for lifting the fermentation material discharged by the discharge valve (13) to the upper part of the fermentation chamber (4) through the conveyor belt (31),
the fermentation chamber (4) is arranged on the horizontal ground on the right side of the mixer (1), the top of the fermentation chamber (4) is provided with a transit groove (5) communicated with the conveyor belt (31), the transit groove (5) is used for storing fermentation materials,
a stacking and turning device (6) for stacking the fermentation materials in the transfer tank (5) into a stack of fermentation materials and turning the fermentation materials is arranged in the fermentation chamber (4), the stacking and turning device (6) comprises two sliding grooves (61) which are arranged on the front inner side wall and the rear inner side wall of the fermentation chamber (4) in parallel, sliding seats (62) which are respectively arranged in the two sliding grooves (61), two sliding rods (63) which are connected with the two sliding seats (62) in parallel and a stacker crane (64) which is connected with the two sliding rods (63) in a sliding and hanging manner, a material pump (641) which is connected with the bottom end of the transfer tank (5) through a material pipe (51) is arranged on the stacker crane (64), the material pump (641) is used for transferring the fermentation materials in the transfer tank (5) into the fermentation chamber (4), and a turning device (642) for turning the fermentation materials is also arranged in the stacker crane (64),
the bottom of the fermentation chamber (4) is provided with 3-5 movable plates (7) for bearing fermentation materials, the movable plates (7) comprise two strip-shaped rotating plates (71) which are combined with each other, a collecting hopper (72) connected below the rotating plates (71) and a hydraulic rod (73) which is arranged on the inner wall of the collecting hopper (72) and is used for supporting the rotating plates (71),
the bottom in the fermentation chamber (4) is also provided with positioning rods (41), the positioning rods (41) are uniformly arranged around the movable plate (7) in groups,
an automatic covering film device (8) used for covering the fermentation material pile is further arranged at the top in the fermentation chamber (4), the automatic covering film device (8) comprises a plurality of groups of electric telescopic rods (81) corresponding to the positioning rods (41), sleeves (82) capable of being sleeved on the positioning rods (41) are arranged at the lower ends of the electric telescopic rods (81), covering films (83) are connected between the sleeves (82),
the conveying device (9) comprises a transverse conveying belt (91) arranged at a discharge hole at the bottom of the collecting hopper (72) and an inclined conveying belt (92) connected with the transverse conveying belt (91) and used for conveying fermented grape branch fermented feed to the granulator (10), and the granulator (10) is used for granulating the fermented grape branch fermented feed.
6. Grape branch fermented feed preparation equipment based on biofermentation technology according to claim 5, characterized in that, the front and back sides inside the fermentation chamber (4) reserve space for the movement of the stacking and turning device (6).
7. The grape branch fermented feed preparation device based on the biological fermentation technology is characterized in that a plurality of vibrators (511) used for assisting the fermented materials in the material pipe (51) to descend are arranged on the material pipe (51).
8. The grape branch fermented feed preparation device based on the biological fermentation technology is characterized in that a temperature monitor (84) for monitoring the temperature of a fermentation material pile is arranged on the inner side surface of the covering membrane (83).
9. The grape branch fermented feed preparation device based on the biological fermentation technology is characterized in that a vibrator (511) is arranged on the material pipe (51).
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116218664A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-06-06 | 益生居生物环保科技服务(北京)有限公司 | Fermentation equipment based on protease preparation poultry fodder |
| CN117530365A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-09 | 湖北润泛生物科技有限公司 | Cellulose source feed for strawberry tea branches and preparation method thereof |
| CN117866739A (en) * | 2024-03-06 | 2024-04-12 | 广东旺大集团股份有限公司 | Clean feed fermentation device and application method thereof |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116218664A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-06-06 | 益生居生物环保科技服务(北京)有限公司 | Fermentation equipment based on protease preparation poultry fodder |
| CN116218664B (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-09-22 | 益生居生物环保科技服务(北京)有限公司 | Fermentation equipment based on protease preparation poultry fodder |
| CN117530365A (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-02-09 | 湖北润泛生物科技有限公司 | Cellulose source feed for strawberry tea branches and preparation method thereof |
| CN117530365B (en) * | 2023-11-09 | 2024-05-17 | 湖北润泛生物科技有限公司 | Cellulose source feed for strawberry tea branches and preparation method thereof |
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