CN1122725C - 新一代抗氧化变形高温合金 - Google Patents

新一代抗氧化变形高温合金 Download PDF

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CN1122725C
CN1122725C CN 00134338 CN00134338A CN1122725C CN 1122725 C CN1122725 C CN 1122725C CN 00134338 CN00134338 CN 00134338 CN 00134338 A CN00134338 A CN 00134338A CN 1122725 C CN1122725 C CN 1122725C
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alloy
temperature
oxidized
deformation
temp
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CN1360076A (zh
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刘奎
张顺南
赵秀娟
高明
马颖澈
曲文生
张晋德
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新型高温抗氧化高温合金,按重量百分比,合金的化学成分为:C≤0.07,Si≤0.3,Mn<0.3,Cr 15-25,W 5-14,Al 1.5-3.2,S<0.002,P<0.0025,Ni余。该合金可作为锅炉过热器及其他耐高温结构件的选用材料,最高使用温度达1250℃,它在1250℃时的瞬时拉伸强度和抗氧化性能均优于目前国内锅炉过热器采用的最好的材料1Cr25Ni20Si2在1200℃时的性能,材料具有良好的可焊性及冷热加工性能,可加工成棒材、管材、板材、丝材。

Description

新一代抗氧化变形高温合金
本发明涉及一种抗氧化变形高温合金。
传统高温结构件,如锅炉过热器支撑件等,主要使用耐热钢1Cr25Ni20Si2材料,其最高使用温度不超过1100℃。耐热钢不能在更高温度下使用的原因是,材料的抗氧化性差,强度偏低。本专利研究出一种可在更高温度下使用的高温合金,其特征是:
1.为提高合金的使用温度,必须提高合金的初熔温度。为此,在设计合金时,尽量减少降低合金初熔温度的元素的含量。如B、S、P等。在本发明的合金中不含B。
2.为提高合金的高温强度,并能获得较好的抗氧化性能,本发明的合金以W作为固溶强化元素,避免加大量Mo后在高温出现的灾害性氧化。
3.在设计合金时,考虑到合金的高温抗氧化性能,合金中有17~19%的铬含量。同时,为保证合金在1200~1250℃仍有较好的抗氧化能力,合金中必须加入较多的Al元素。又为保证合金在850℃左右具有较高的塑性,本发明选用的合金Al含量为2.2~3.0%。
本发明合金的成分为:
                      新研制合金的化学成分(wt%)
元素 C   Si  Mn   Cr   W     Al   Ni   S   P
成分限 ≤0.07   ≤0.3  <0.3   15-25   5-14     1.5-3.2   余   <0.002   <0.0025
  二、合金性能
  1)拉伸性能
  表2给出了新合金(1050℃固溶)和1Cr25Ni20Si2合金不同温度下的拉伸性能结果。显然新合金从室温至高温都比1Cr25Ni20Si2合金的强度高,只是由于合金中含有一定量的Al,合金的700~850℃的中温塑性有一定程度的降低,高温塑性与1Cr25Ni20Si2合金基本相当。
                表3    新合金与1Cr25Ni20Si2合金拉伸性能比较
温度(℃)                     新合金                   1Cr25Ni20Si2合金
σ0.2(MPa) σb(MPa) δ% Ψ% σ0.2(MPa) σb(MPa) δ% Ψ%
  室温  354.0  828.0  55.0  69.0   306.5   640.5   54.0 71.5
  600  231.0  677.0  54.0  60.0   195.0   463.0   45.5 69.5
  700  365.0  629.0  32.0  31.0   190.5   333.0   60.0 74.5
  800  391.5  425.5  20.0  23.0   139.5   209.5   84.0 91.5
  850  375.0  472.5  31.5  40.5   100.5   151.5   108.5 95.5
  900  221.5  420.5  67.0  91.0   72.0   113.5   111.5 94.5
  1000  110.6  85.6   65.5 93.2
  1100  61.1  80.6   41.3 88.4
  1150  50.4  75.0   33.9 87.0
  1200  39.5  68.5   27.0 79.7
  1250  30.9  53.6
2)持久性能
表3列出新合金的持久性能结果。
             表3合金持久性能
    温度(℃)    应力(MPa)   持久时间(hr)
700     444.6362.0343.0394.0245.0     1217806682220
800     147.0117.678.458.8     762225381170
900     58.849.029.4     44469774
950     49.029.414.7     163231658
3)蠕变性能
合金的蠕变性能如图1所示。
4)抗氧化性能
新研制合金和1Cr25Ni20Si2合金高温抗氧化性能如图2所示。结果表明新研制合金在1250℃的抗氧化性优于1Cr25Ni20Si2合金在1200℃的性能。
5)物理性能
(1)合金比重
新合金的室温密度为8.598g·cm-3
(2)热膨胀性能表5合金的热膨胀温度                   相对伸长量ΔL/L0              平均线膨胀系数α(℃)                   (×10-3)                       (×10-6/℃)100                    1.071                           12.3200                    2.402                           12.9300                    3.796                           13.2400                    5.253                           13.6500                    6.775                           13.9600                    8.362                           14.3700                    10.016                          14.6800                    11.738                          14.9900                    13.529                          15.3970                    14.824                          15.51000                   15.390                          15.6(3)合金的比热和热导率
                     表6合金比热和热导率温度           热扩散率         比热           热导率(℃)           (cm2.s-1)  (J.g-1.℃-1)  (W.cm-1.℃-1)200             0.0303          0.474          0.124300             0.0344          0.483          0.143400             0.0381          0.497          0.163500             0.0414          0.517          0.184600             0.0444          0.543          0.207700             0.0471          0.574          0.233800             0.0497          0.612          0.262900             0.0522          0.655          0.2941000            0.0545          0.704          0.3301100            0.0569          0.758          0.371(4)合金的弹性模量
               表7合金的弹性模量温度            弹性模量          切变模量          泊松比(℃)              (GPa)             (Gpa)            (μ)14                220.5             84.3            0.308100               218.5             83.5            0.308
   200    215.0    82.1     0.309
   300    209.5    79.8     0.313
   400    203.5    77.2     0.318
   500    196.5    74.5     0.319
   600    190.0    71.5     0.329
   700    183.5    68.6     0.334
   800    176.0    65.7     0.339
   900    168.0    62.5     0.344
   1000   161.0    59.7     0.348
合金加工技术
1.合金采用真空感应冶炼+真空自耗的双联熔炼工艺(10kg小锭可以只用真空感应冶炼工艺)。并采用我们发明的纯净化冶炼技术,使合金的含量降至10ppm以下,S含量降至20ppm以下,从而使得合金获得良好的塑性和冷热加工性能。
2.合金的管材采用旋压和冷轧加工工艺。丝材采用冷拔工艺完成。为使合金保持良好的塑性,合金在冷加工过程中必须适时固溶处理,消除加工硬化。

Claims (1)

1.一种新一代抗氧化变形高温合金,其特征是按重量百分比,合金的化学成分为:C≤0.07,Si≤0.3,Mn<0.3,Cr 15-25,W 5-14,Al 1.5-3.2,S<0.002,P<0.0025,Ni余。
CN 00134338 2000-12-21 2000-12-21 新一代抗氧化变形高温合金 Expired - Lifetime CN1122725C (zh)

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