CN112252048A - 一种电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:步骤一、将棉织物浸渍于碱液中,振荡后水洗至中性,之后烘干;步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,分散液中碳纳米管与表面活性剂的浓度比为0.1‑0.2:1;步骤三、将步骤一烘干后的棉织物浸泡于碳纳米管分散液中;步骤四、将步骤三浸渍后的棉织物取出,之后烘干;步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。本发明制备出屏蔽效能相对更高的电磁屏蔽织物,制备的涂层织物薄、轻,结构可调,而且所需实验操作条件要求简单,能耗低,无需昂贵的设备,生产成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电磁屏蔽织物技术领域,尤其涉及一种电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法。
背景技术
当今社会飞速发展,其中电子行业发展尤为迅猛,人们生活和工作中基本都能接触到电磁波,因此电磁屏蔽织物的开发研究非常重要。目前电磁屏蔽织物主要依靠进口,国内自主研发电磁屏蔽织物是必要且具有广阔发展前景的。电磁屏蔽织物应用广泛,在日常生活中,可将电磁屏蔽织物为孕妇制成围裙,为家庭主妇制成微波炉罩等;还可以为长期在电脑前工作的人员缝制成防护服饰、手套和帽子等。另外,若人体长期暴露于强力电磁场下,则可能易患癌症病变,因此,生产特种电磁屏蔽织物也很必要。还有非常重要的一点,电磁屏蔽织物可以实现电子系统的兼容性,如笔记本电脑、GPS、ADSL和移动电话等3C产品都会因高频电磁波干扰产生杂讯,影响通讯品质,由于电磁屏蔽织物厚度薄、电阻小等特点,可以包覆电子元件,也可以制作计算机等电子设备中的软接触开关,从而有效实现电子系统的兼容性。
目前市场上出现的主要有混编织物、金属纤维混纺织物、真空镀金属织物、金属涂层织物、硫化铜织物以及化学镀金属织物等,但其存在金属纤维或金属镀层易氧化,易腐蚀,耐磨性低的问题,且它们的屏蔽作用主要来自于反射损耗,其高反射性能虽然达到了较好的屏蔽效果,但反射回来的高能量又会对环境造成二次污染。为了满足舒适性要求同时赋予织物电磁屏蔽性能,就需要应用具有良好导电性且具有一定柔软度的材料对纱线、织物进行后整理。碳纳米管作为一维纳米材料,具有优越的物理化学和机械性能,且具有高导电性、轻质等特性。棉织物中纤维与纤维之间,纱线与纱线之间存在大量的孔洞,为碳纳米管的沉积吸附提供了场所,同时碳纳米管与棉纤维之间存在数量巨大的范德华力,这为棉织物吸附碳纳米管提供了驱动力。因此,通过涂层整理技术能够赋予织物一定的屏蔽性能且不损伤织物的服用性能。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提出一种电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,目的是提高织物的电磁屏蔽性能。
基于上述目的,本发明提供了一种电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将棉织物浸渍于碱液中,振荡后水洗至中性,之后烘干;
步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,分散液中碳纳米管与表面活性剂的浓度比为0.1-0.2:1;
步骤三、将步骤一烘干后的棉织物浸泡于碳纳米管分散液中;
步骤四、将步骤三浸渍后的棉织物取出,之后烘干;
步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。
所述电磁屏蔽隔热涂料包括如下重量百分比的各成分:乙醇22-28%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯5-7%、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛1.2-2.8%、含铜氧化钛复合体25-28%、聚乙二醇8-12%,其余为聚氨酯。
所述含铜氧化钛复合体通过如下方法制备而成:取CuSO4粉末与NaOH以摩尔比1:4混合配置成水溶液,之后经加热、冷却、抽滤、滤饼洗涤、真空干燥得紫红色铜粉末;然后将钛酸四丁酯与乙醇以1:2的体积比混合,冰水浴中搅拌,之后滴加由乙醇、蒸馏水和冰醋酸按体积比4:1:1配成的混合溶液;钛酸四丁酯溶液和与上述混合溶液的体积比为1:1,经搅拌得到透明的溶胶;然后将铜粉末加入所述溶胶中,铜粉末与溶胶的重量比为1:2.5;最后经热处理、冷却后得含铜氧化钛复合体,再将含铜氧化钛复合体研成10-15微米的粉末。
所述电磁屏蔽隔热涂料还包括1-2%的氧化石墨烯水溶液。氧化石墨烯水溶液采用Hummers法制备得到。
所述步骤一中的碱液为KOH溶液或NaOH溶液。
所述KOH溶液或NaOH溶液的浓度为15g/L。
所述步骤二中碳纳米管的浓度为1mg/mL-2mg/mL,表面活性剂的浓度为10mg/mL。
所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
所述步骤二中碳纳米管与表面活性剂是在超声波发生器中振荡形成碳纳米管分散液。
所述步骤三中棉织物浸泡于碳纳米管分散液的浴比为1:30-1:50。
所述步骤四中烘干的温度为105℃,时间为40-50min。合理的烘干温度及时间的设置,便于及时烘干取出。
经过碳纳米管浸渍涂层,以及涂覆电磁屏蔽隔热涂料之后,棉织物的比屏蔽效能最大可超过24dB·cm3/g,远远大于铜的比屏蔽效能。
本发明的有益效果:本发明制备出屏蔽效能相对更高的电磁屏蔽织物,制备的涂层织物薄、轻,结构可调,而且所需实验操作条件要求简单,能耗低,无需昂贵的设备,生产成本低。在点屏蔽隔热涂料中,氧化钛具有吸收电磁辐射的作用。纳米铜的存在会改变氧化钛的带隙和与之对应的自由激子的吸收带,因此能够增强氧化钛吸收电磁辐射的作用。同时,氧化钛是无机非金属材料,它具有很好的隔热作用。所构造的氧化钛-纳米铜复合材料,有较强的电磁波反射和吸收能力,从而使材料有可能在较宽的频率范围(0-1.5GHz)具有良好的电磁屏蔽效能。本发明方法简单,适合于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为使本公开的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白,以下结合具体实施例,对本公开进一步详细说明。
需要说明的是,除非另外定义,本说明书的实施例使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同,而不排除其他元件或者物件。
实施例1
选用普通的棉织物(Ctn),大小为6×6cm2,厚度约为0.4mm,面密度为145±10g/m2;按照如下步骤可制备电磁屏蔽效率良好的电磁屏蔽涂层棉织物。
步骤一、用量筒取200ml蒸馏水于烧杯中(250ml),在电子天平上称取NaOH 3g放入烧杯中,搅拌直至充分溶解。将棉织物浸渍在15g/L NaOH溶液中,在80℃下恒温振荡30min后,用蒸馏水多次清洗直至中性,织物表面洁净,以便于碳纳米管的吸附。在105℃的环境中烘干至恒重,称重;
步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,称取0.15g碳纳米管和1g十二烷基苯磺酸钠放入100ml的蒸馏水中,使分散液浓度为1.5mg/ml,十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS浓度为10mg/ml,超声波处理30min;
步骤三、将棉织物在室温下浸泡在所配置的碳纳米管分散液中2h;
步骤四、将浸渍后的样品取出置于烘箱内,在温度为105℃下烘40min;
步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。
其中,电磁屏蔽隔热涂料包括如下重量百分比的各成分:乙醇25%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯6%、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛2%、含铜氧化钛复合体25%、聚乙二醇10%,其余为聚氨酯。
含铜氧化钛复合体通过如下方法制备而成:称取0.05mol的CuSO4粉末与0.2mol的NaOH放入装有250mL蒸馏水的烧杯中,磁力搅拌20min。然后130℃下加热10h,冷却至室温后抽滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤3次,再用去离子水洗涤3次,真空40℃条件下干燥3h得紫红色铜粉末,粉末的粒径为80-120nm。然后将钛酸四丁酯加到无水乙醇中,二者体积比1:2。在冰水浴中磁力搅拌,然后缓慢滴加由无水乙醇、蒸馏水和冰醋酸形成的混合溶液,其中无水乙醇、蒸馏水、冰醋酸体积比4:1:1。钛酸四丁酯溶液和与上述混合溶液的体积比为1:1,经1h搅拌得到透明的溶胶。然后将铜粉末加入所述溶胶中,铜粉末与溶胶的重量比为1:2.5;然后在热处理炉中加热至400℃恒温3h随炉冷却至室温得到含铜氧化钛复合体,接着将含铜氧化钛复合体研成粒度直径为15微米的粉末。
测得整理后棉织物的电磁屏蔽性能为4.6-10.8dB(织物对频率在3.5GHz~6.0GHz的范围内的电磁波的屏蔽性能达到4.6-10.8dB)。
实施例2
选用普通的棉织物(Ctn),大小为6×6cm2,厚度约为0.4mm,面密度为145±10g/m2;按照如下步骤可制备电磁屏蔽效率良好的电磁屏蔽涂层棉织物。
步骤一、用量筒取200ml蒸馏水于烧杯中(250ml),在电子天平上称取KOH 3g放入烧杯中,搅拌直至充分溶解。将棉织物浸渍在15g/LNaOH溶液中,在80℃下恒温振荡30min后,用蒸馏水多次清洗直至中性,织物表面洁净,以便于碳纳米管的吸附。在105℃的环境中烘干至恒重,称重;
步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,称取0.2g碳纳米管和1g十二烷基苯磺酸钠放入100ml的蒸馏水中,使分散液浓度为2mg/ml,十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS浓度为10mg/ml,超声波处理30min;
步骤三、将棉织物在室温下浸泡在所配置的碳纳米管分散液中2h;
步骤四、将浸渍后的样品取出置于烘箱内,在温度为105℃下烘40min;
步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。
其中,电磁屏蔽隔热涂料包括如下重量百分比的各成分:乙醇28%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯7%、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛2.5%、含铜氧化钛复合体28%、聚乙二醇12%,其余为聚氨酯。
含铜氧化钛复合体通过如下方法制备而成:称取0.05mol的CuSO4粉末与0.2mol的NaOH放入装有250mL蒸馏水的烧杯中,磁力搅拌20min。然后130℃下加热10h,冷却至室温后抽滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤3次,再用去离子水洗涤3次,真空40℃条件下干燥3h得紫红色铜粉末,粉末的粒径为80-120nm。然后将钛酸四丁酯加到无水乙醇中,二者体积比1:2。在冰水浴中磁力搅拌,然后缓慢滴加由无水乙醇、蒸馏水和冰醋酸形成的混合溶液,其中无水乙醇、蒸馏水、冰醋酸体积比4:1:1。钛酸四丁酯溶液和与上述混合溶液的体积比为1:1,经1h搅拌得到透明的溶胶。然后将铜粉末加入所述溶胶中,铜粉末与溶胶的重量比为1:2.5;然后在热处理炉中加热至400℃恒温3h随炉冷却至室温得到含铜氧化钛复合体,接着将含铜氧化钛复合体研成粒度直径为15微米的粉末。
测得整理后棉织物的电磁屏蔽性能为4.2-9.9dB(织物对频率在3.5GHz~6.0GHz的范围内的电磁波的屏蔽性能达到4.2-9.9dB)。
实施例3
选用普通的棉织物(Ctn),大小为6×6cm2,厚度约为0.4mm,面密度为145±10g/m2;按照如下步骤可制备电磁屏蔽效率良好的电磁屏蔽涂层棉织物。
步骤一、用量筒取200ml蒸馏水于烧杯中(250ml),在电子天平上称取NaOH 3g放入烧杯中,搅拌直至充分溶解。将棉织物浸渍在15g/L NaOH溶液中,在80℃下恒温振荡30min后,用蒸馏水多次清洗直至中性,织物表面洁净,以便于碳纳米管的吸附。在105℃的环境中烘干至恒重,称重;
步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,称取0.1g碳纳米管和1g十二烷基苯磺酸钠放入100ml的蒸馏水中,使分散液浓度为1mg/ml,十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS浓度为10mg/ml,超声波处理30min;
步骤三、将棉织物在室温下浸泡在所配置的碳纳米管分散液中2h;
步骤四、将浸渍后的样品取出置于烘箱内,在温度为105℃下烘40min;
步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。
其中,电磁屏蔽隔热涂料包括如下重量百分比的各成分:乙醇22%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯5%、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛1.5%、含铜氧化钛复合体26%、聚乙二醇10%,其余为聚氨酯。
含铜氧化钛复合体通过如下方法制备而成:称取0.05mol的CuSO4粉末与0.2mol的NaOH放入装有250mL蒸馏水的烧杯中,磁力搅拌20min。然后130℃下加热10h,冷却至室温后抽滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤3次,再用去离子水洗涤3次,真空40℃条件下干燥3h得紫红色铜粉末,粉末的粒径为80-120nm。然后将钛酸四丁酯加到无水乙醇中,二者体积比1:2。在冰水浴中磁力搅拌,然后缓慢滴加由无水乙醇、蒸馏水和冰醋酸形成的混合溶液,其中无水乙醇、蒸馏水、冰醋酸体积比4:1:1。钛酸四丁酯溶液和与上述混合溶液的体积比为1:1,经1h搅拌得到透明的溶胶。然后将铜粉末加入所述溶胶中,铜粉末与溶胶的重量比为1:2.5;然后在热处理炉中加热至400℃恒温3h随炉冷却至室温得到含铜氧化钛复合体,接着将含铜氧化钛复合体研成粒度直径为15微米的粉末。
测得整理后棉织物的电磁屏蔽性能为3.8-9.6dB(织物对频率在3.5GHz~6.0GHz的范围内的电磁波的屏蔽性能达到3.8-9.6dB)。
实施例4
选用普通的棉织物(Ctn),大小为6×6cm2,厚度约为0.4mm,面密度为145±10g/m2;按照如下步骤可制备电磁屏蔽效率良好的电磁屏蔽涂层棉织物。
步骤一、用量筒取200ml蒸馏水于烧杯中(250ml),在电子天平上称取NaOH 3g放入烧杯中,搅拌直至充分溶解。将棉织物浸渍在15g/L NaOH溶液中,在80℃下恒温振荡30min后,用蒸馏水多次清洗直至中性,织物表面洁净,以便于碳纳米管的吸附。在105℃的环境中烘干至恒重,称重;
步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,称取0.1g碳纳米管和1g十二烷基苯磺酸钠放入100ml的蒸馏水中,使分散液浓度为1mg/ml,十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS浓度为10mg/ml,超声波处理30min;
步骤三、将棉织物在室温下浸泡在所配置的碳纳米管分散液中2h;
步骤四、将浸渍后的样品取出置于烘箱内,在温度为105℃下烘40min;
步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。
其中,电磁屏蔽隔热涂料包括如下重量百分比的各成分:乙醇25%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯6%、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛2%、含铜氧化钛复合体26%、氧化石墨烯水溶液1.5%、聚乙二醇10%,其余为聚氨酯。
含铜氧化钛复合体通过如下方法制备而成:称取0.05mol的CuSO4粉末与0.2mol的NaOH放入装有250mL蒸馏水的烧杯中,磁力搅拌20min。然后130℃下加热10h,冷却至室温后抽滤,滤饼用丙酮洗涤3次,再用去离子水洗涤3次,真空40℃条件下干燥3h得紫红色铜粉末,粉末的粒径为80-120nm。然后将钛酸四丁酯加到无水乙醇中,二者体积比1:2。在冰水浴中磁力搅拌,然后缓慢滴加由无水乙醇、蒸馏水和冰醋酸形成的混合溶液,其中无水乙醇、蒸馏水、冰醋酸体积比4:1:1。钛酸四丁酯溶液和与上述混合溶液的体积比为1:1,经1h搅拌得到透明的溶胶。然后将铜粉末加入所述溶胶中,铜粉末与溶胶的重量比为1:2.5;然后在热处理炉中加热至400℃恒温3h随炉冷却至室温得到含铜氧化钛复合体,接着将含铜氧化钛复合体研成粒度直径为10微米的粉末。
测得整理后棉织物的电磁屏蔽性能为5.1-11.2dB(织物对频率在3.5GHz~6.0GHz的范围内的电磁波的屏蔽性能达到5.1-11.2dB)。
洗涤标准参照GB/T23463-2009,将生产加工的实施例1至4得到的电磁屏蔽织物制成常见的电磁屏蔽服装,放入全自动洗衣机中并倒入2ml中性洗衣液,选择标准洗涤模式,水温为室温,被洗物与水的重量比约为1∶50,洗涤10次后,实施例4制成的服装外观没有明显变化,实施例1-3制成的服装外观相对实施例4要差一些。
通过上述实施例可以看出,经过碳纳米管浸渍涂层,以及涂覆电磁屏蔽隔热涂料之后,棉织物的比屏蔽效能最大可超过24dB·cm3/g,远远大于铜的比屏蔽效能。
所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解:以上任何实施例的讨论仅为示例性的,并非旨在暗示本公开的范围(包括权利要求)被限于这些例子;在本公开的思路下,以上实施例或者不同实施例中的技术特征之间也可以进行组合,步骤可以以任意顺序实现,并存在如上所述的本说明书实施例的不同方面的许多其它变化,为了简明它们没有在细节中提供。
本说明书的实施例旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求的宽泛范围之内的所有这样的替换、修改和变型。因此,凡在本说明书实施例的精神和原则之内,所做的任何省略、修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤一、将棉织物浸渍于碱液中,振荡后水洗至中性,之后烘干;
步骤二、配制碳纳米管分散液,分散液中碳纳米管与表面活性剂的浓度比为0.1-0.2:1;
步骤三、将步骤一烘干后的棉织物浸泡于碳纳米管分散液中;
步骤四、将步骤三浸渍后的棉织物取出,之后烘干;
步骤五、对步骤四烘干后的棉织物采用电磁屏蔽隔热涂料进行涂层整理,得电磁屏蔽织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电磁屏蔽隔热涂料包括如下重量百分比的各成分:乙醇22-28%、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯5-7%、聚乙烯醇缩甲醛1.2-2.8%、含铜氧化钛复合体25-28%、聚乙二醇8-12%,其余为聚氨酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述含铜氧化钛复合体通过如下方法制备而成:取CuSO4粉末与NaOH以摩尔比1:4混合配置成水溶液,之后经加热、冷却、抽滤、滤饼洗涤、真空干燥得紫红色铜粉末;然后将钛酸四丁酯与乙醇以1:2的体积比混合,冰水浴中搅拌,之后滴加由乙醇、蒸馏水和冰醋酸按体积比4:1:1配成的混合溶液;钛酸四丁酯溶液和与上述混合溶液的体积比为1:1,经搅拌得到透明的溶胶;然后将铜粉末加入所述溶胶中,铜粉末与溶胶的重量比为1:2.5;最后经热处理、冷却后得含铜氧化钛复合体,再将含铜氧化钛复合体研成10-15微米的粉末。
4.根据权利要求1所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中的碱液为KOH溶液或NaOH溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述KOH溶液或NaOH溶液的浓度为15g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中碳纳米管的浓度为1mg/mL-2mg/mL,表面活性剂的浓度为10mg/mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
8.根据权利要求1所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中碳纳米管与表面活性剂是在超声波发生器中振荡形成碳纳米管分散液。
9.根据权利要求1所述电磁屏蔽织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤三中棉织物浸泡于碳纳米管分散液的浴比为1:30-1:50。
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