CN112250461A - 一种高强度透明陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度透明陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112250461A
CN112250461A CN202011105859.0A CN202011105859A CN112250461A CN 112250461 A CN112250461 A CN 112250461A CN 202011105859 A CN202011105859 A CN 202011105859A CN 112250461 A CN112250461 A CN 112250461A
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potassium
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麦文英
汪加武
叶建明
王礼
石献忠
熊红炎
卢佩玉
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Overland Ceramics Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及陶瓷生产领域,提供一种高强度透明陶瓷及其制备方法,用于解决陶瓷板材透光率低的问题。本发明提供的高强度透明陶瓷,包括:S10.取钠砂10~15质量份,钾长石5~15质量份,氧化铝粉末30~50质量份,高钾砂2~5质量份,钾钠长石2~5质量份,碳酸钡1~3质量份,钛酸锂晶须1~3质量份,钛酸钾晶须1~3质量份,球土1~4质量份,磷酸钙2~5质量份;S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石等混合,球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。提高了陶瓷的透光率,同时提高陶瓷厚度、断裂模数和破坏强度。

Description

一种高强度透明陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷生产领域,具体涉及高强度透明陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
参照国标GB/T23266-2009《陶瓷板》中的定义,在本发明中所提到的陶瓷薄板是指由黏土和其他无机非金属材料经成形、高温烧结等生产工艺制成的厚度不大于6mm,面积不小于1.62m2的板状陶瓷制品。陶瓷薄板的使用要求其具有高强度和高韧性,而半透性陶瓷薄板在此项指标上具有一定劣势,在应用中,破损较多,施工和后期维护成本高。
现有的透明陶瓷往往需要较高的焙烧温度才能提高陶瓷的透光性。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题为陶瓷板材透光率低的问题,提供高强度透明陶瓷。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供的技术方案为:
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂10~15质量份,钾长石5~15质量份,氧化铝粉末30~50质量份,高钾砂2~5质量份,钾钠长石2~5质量份,碳酸钡1~3质量份,钛酸锂晶须1~3质量份,钛酸钾晶须1~3质量份,球土1~4质量份,磷酸钙2~5质量份,氧化钇0.05~0.1质量份,氧化镧0.01~0.05质量份,氧化镁0.1~0.5质量份;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。
以纳米级的氧化铝粉末作为主要原料,改变了现有的配方,同时提高烧成温度,引入烧结助剂:钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁,从而尽可能的提高板材的透光性;配合晶须,以尽可能的提高板材的强度。
提高了板材的强度,同时提高了板材的透光性。
优选地,步骤S10中,钠砂12~15质量份,钾长石10~15质量份,氧化铝粉末40~50质量份,高钾砂3~5质量份,钾钠长石4~5质量份,碳酸钡2~3质量份,钛酸锂晶须1.5~3质量份,钛酸钾晶须2.5~3质量份,球土2~4质量份,磷酸钙3~5质量份,氧化钇0.06~0.1质量份,氧化镧0.02~0.05质量份,氧化镁0.12~0.5质量份。
优选地,步骤S10中,钠砂12质量份,钾长石10质量份,氧化铝粉末40质量份,高钾砂3质量份,钾钠长石4质量份,碳酸钡2质量份,钛酸锂晶须1.5质量份,钛酸钾晶须2.5质量份,球土2质量份,磷酸钙3质量份,氧化钇0.06质量份,氧化镧0.02质量份,氧化镁0.12质量份。
优选地,所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。对氧化铝粉末的粒径进行优化,从而提高陶瓷的透光性。
优选地,所述烧成的时间为4~6h。
优选地,所述钛酸锂晶须的制备方法为:
取二氧化钛晶须10~20质量份,硝酸锂14~28质量份;
将二氧化钛晶须同硝酸锂混合均匀,在300~400℃下焙烧3h后,再在600~700℃下焙烧6h,冷却后水洗、烘干得到钛酸锂晶须。钛酸锂晶须较少用于透明陶瓷的增韧。
优选地,取二氧化钛晶须15质量份,硝酸锂26质量份。
优选地,所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸30~40质量份,钛酸乙酯5~12质量份,10~15质量份的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。可以得到柱状的钛酸钾晶须,同钛酸锂晶须联用,经高温烧成可以显著提高透明陶瓷的强度。
优选地,取硬脂酸35质量份,钛酸乙酯10质量份,11质量份的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液。
高强度透明陶瓷,根据上述任一项高强度透明陶瓷制备方法制备的高强度透明陶瓷。
发明人在多年的透明陶瓷研发过程中发现,无机晶须可以提高陶瓷的力学性能,但是难以改变透明陶瓷的透光性,常见的氧化锌晶须、氧化镁晶须、硼酸铝晶须、碳化硅晶须等都难以改善陶瓷的透光性。
发明人为了提高透明陶瓷的强度和透光率,进行了大量的尝试,偶然情况下发现钛酸锂晶须同钛酸钾晶须联用对于提高陶瓷材料的透光率有显著的作用,并且可以同时提高陶瓷材料强度,大幅改善了透明陶瓷的性能。进一步,发明人发现,利用柱状的钛酸钾晶须同钛酸锂晶须联用,可以更进一步地提高陶瓷的透光率。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果为:提高了陶瓷的透光率,同时提高了陶瓷厚度、断裂模数和破坏强度。
具体实施方式
以下实施列是对本发明的进一步说明,不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,钛酸锂晶须15g,钛酸钾晶须25g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸锂晶须的制备方法为:
取二氧化钛晶须15g,硝酸锂26g;
将二氧化钛晶须同硝酸锂混合均匀,在300~400℃下焙烧3h后,再在600~700℃下焙烧6h,冷却后水洗、烘干得到钛酸锂晶须。
所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸350g,钛酸乙酯100g,110g的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。得到的钛酸钾晶须是柱状的六钛酸钾晶须。
以纳米级的氧化铝粉末作为主要原料,同时提高烧成温度,引入烧结助剂,从而尽可能的提高板材的透光性;配合晶须,以尽可能的提高板材的强度。
提高了板材的强度,同时提高了板材的透光性。对氧化铝粉末的粒径进行优化,从而提高陶瓷的透光性。钛酸锂晶须较少用于透明陶瓷的增韧。可以得到柱状的钛酸钾晶须,同钛酸锂晶须联用,经高温烧成可以显著提高透明陶瓷的强度。
实施例2
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,钛酸锂晶须40g,钛酸钾晶须25g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸锂晶须的制备方法为:
取二氧化钛晶须15g,硝酸锂26g;
将二氧化钛晶须同硝酸锂混合均匀,在300~400℃下焙烧3h后,再在600~700℃下焙烧6h,冷却后水洗、烘干得到钛酸锂晶须。
所述钛酸钾晶须为四钛酸钾晶须。
实施例3
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂150g,钾长石150g,氧化铝粉末500g,高钾砂50g,钾钠长石50g,碳酸钡30g,钛酸锂晶须30g,钛酸钾晶须30g,球土40g,磷酸钙50g,氧化钇1g,氧化镧0.5g,氧化镁5g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸锂晶须的制备方法为:
取二氧化钛晶须30g,硝酸锂52g;
将二氧化钛晶须同硝酸锂混合均匀,在300~400℃下焙烧3h后,再在600~700℃下焙烧6h,冷却后水洗、烘干得到钛酸锂晶须。
所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸350g,钛酸乙酯100g,110g的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。得到的钛酸钾晶须是柱状的六钛酸钾晶须。
对比例1
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,钛酸锂晶须40g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸锂晶须的制备方法为:
取二氧化钛晶须15g,硝酸锂26g;
将二氧化钛晶须同硝酸锂混合均匀,在300~400℃下焙烧3h后,再在600~700℃下焙烧6h,冷却后水洗、烘干得到钛酸锂晶须。
对比例2
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,钛酸钾晶须40g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸350g,钛酸乙酯100g,110g的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。得到的钛酸钾晶须是柱状的六钛酸钾晶须。。
对比例3
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,片状氧化铝颗粒15g,钛酸钾晶须25g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将片状氧化铝颗粒、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸350g,钛酸乙酯100g,110g的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。得到的钛酸钾晶须是柱状的六钛酸钾晶须。。
所述片状氧化铝颗粒的板片宽度为0.5~5μm,所述片状氧化铝颗粒的板片宽度与板片厚度之比为5~8。
对比例4
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,硼酸铝晶须15g,钛酸钾晶须25g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将硼酸铝晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸350g,钛酸乙酯100g,110g的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。得到的钛酸钾晶须是柱状的六钛酸钾晶须。
对比例5
高强度透明陶瓷,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂120g,钾长石100g,氧化铝粉末400g,高钾砂30g,钾钠长石40g,碳酸钡20g,氧化镁晶须40g,球土20g,磷酸钙30g,氧化钇0.60g,氧化镧0.20g,氧化镁1.20g;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将氧化镁晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。所述烧成的时间为5h。
实验例
采用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-2550型,Shimadzu公司)测量样品在波长700nm处的透过率(样品厚度抛光至5mm);参照GB/T3810.2测试破坏强度和断裂模数。
表1 各实施方式的高强度透明陶瓷的性能
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
各实施例或对比例用于测试的样品的厚度为5mm,厚度较大,但是实施例1在5mm的厚度下也达到了40%的透光率,为进一步提高透明陶瓷的厚度提供了可能。
实施例1的透光率较高,与烧结助剂以及氧化铝的含量有关,氧化铝与烧结助剂联用可以提高透光率,将大块的陶瓷板的透光率提高到40%左右。实施例1、3同对比例相比,透过率有较为显著的提高,这是由于对比例中的晶须同现有配方中的其他组分有一定的拮抗作用,无法在机械性能和透光率之间形成平衡。实施例1和3的钛酸钾晶须为柱状的六钛酸钾晶须,实施例2中钛酸钾晶须为层状的四钛酸钾晶须,申请人在大量实验后,偶然发现柱状的六钛酸钾晶须和钛酸锂晶须联用可以提供透光率。

Claims (10)

1.高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤S10.取钠砂10~15质量份,钾长石5~15质量份,氧化铝粉末30~50质量份,高钾砂2~5质量份,钾钠长石2~5质量份,碳酸钡1~3质量份,钛酸锂晶须1~3质量份,钛酸钾晶须1~3质量份,球土1~4质量份,磷酸钙2~5质量份,氧化钇0.05~0.1质量份,氧化镧0.01~0.05质量份,氧化镁0.1~0.5质量份;
步骤S20.将钠砂、钾长石、氧化铝粉末、高钾砂、钾钠长石、碳酸钡、球土、磷酸钙混合,采用湿法球磨制成浆料,干燥、粉碎,得到基料;将钛酸锂晶须、钛酸钾晶须、氧化钇、氧化镧、氧化镁同基料混合,搅拌均匀得到前驱体粉;
步骤S30.将前驱体粉冲压形成板坯;
步骤S40.将板坯干燥至含水率低于1%后入窑1600~1700℃烧成,得到高强度透明陶瓷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,钠砂12~15质量份,钾长石10~15质量份,氧化铝粉末40~50质量份,高钾砂3~5质量份,钾钠长石4~5质量份,碳酸钡2~3质量份,钛酸锂晶须1.5~3质量份,钛酸钾晶须2.5~3质量份,球土2~4质量份,磷酸钙3~5质量份,氧化钇0.06~0.1质量份,氧化镧0.02~0.05质量份,氧化镁0.12~0.5质量份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,钠砂12质量份,钾长石10质量份,氧化铝粉末40质量份,高钾砂3质量份,钾钠长石4质量份,碳酸钡2质量份,钛酸锂晶须1.5质量份,钛酸钾晶须2.5质量份,球土2质量份,磷酸钙3质量份,氧化钇0.06质量份,氧化镧0.02质量份,氧化镁0.12质量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化铝粉末的粒径为10~30nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧成的时间为4~6h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛酸锂晶须的制备方法为:
取二氧化钛晶须10~20质量份,硝酸锂14~28质量份;
将二氧化钛晶须同硝酸锂混合均匀,在300~400℃下焙烧3h后,再在600~700℃下焙烧6h,冷却后水洗、烘干得到钛酸锂晶须。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,取二氧化钛晶须15质量份,硝酸锂26质量份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,所述钛酸钾晶须的制备方法为:
取硬脂酸30~40质量份,钛酸乙酯5~12质量份,10~15质量份的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液;
将5%的氢氧化钾水溶液滴加到熔融的硬脂酸中,滴加完成后加入钛酸乙酯,搅拌1~2h,静置冷却后,在550℃下焙烧2h,冷却;
将冷却后的产物球磨30min,在900℃下煅烧2h,冷却后即得钛酸钾晶须。
9.根据权利要求8所述的高强度透明陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,取硬脂酸35质量份,钛酸乙酯10质量份,11质量份的5%的氢氧化钾水溶液。
10.高强度透明陶瓷,其特征在于,根据权利要求1~9任一项高强度透明陶瓷制备方法制成的高强度透明陶瓷。
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