CN112247836A - Novel adjustable gasbag instrument head can be monitored to state - Google Patents
Novel adjustable gasbag instrument head can be monitored to state Download PDFInfo
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- CN112247836A CN112247836A CN202011131527.XA CN202011131527A CN112247836A CN 112247836 A CN112247836 A CN 112247836A CN 202011131527 A CN202011131527 A CN 202011131527A CN 112247836 A CN112247836 A CN 112247836A
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- air bag
- air
- tool head
- tool
- head
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/04—Headstocks; Working-spindles; Features relating thereto
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
Abstract
A novel state-monitorable and adjustable air bag tool head relates to the field of ultra-precision polishing. The device comprises a semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell, an air bag tool head tool handle, a slotted locking round nut, an pneumoelectric slip ring, a precise tool setting device and an air bag tool head state monitoring system; the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is fixedly installed on an air bag tool head tool handle through a slotted locking round nut in a pressing mode, the air bag tool head tool handle is connected with a shaft of an external driving device, an air-electric slip ring rotor is installed on a shaft of the device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate, an air-electric slip ring stator is installed on a fixing structure of the device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate, a precision tool setting device is installed on an installation hole of the air bag tool head tool handle, sensors of an air bag tool head state monitoring system are distributed at positions of states of the air bag tool head, and an air circuit which are distributed in the air bag tool head gather to an air-electric slip ring stator, so that input and output of state signals and the air circuit of the.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ultra-precision polishing, in particular to a novel airbag tool head with an adjustable state capable of being monitored.
Background
Chinese patent CN102825543B discloses an air bag polishing head for air bag type polishing, which has small deformation of the air bag when the internal pressure of the air bag changes, can position the precision, and significantly improves the processing precision. The spherical cap-shaped airbag comprises a shaft connector, a spherical cap-shaped airbag shell and a polishing material layer, wherein the open end of the spherical cap-shaped airbag shell is fixedly connected with the shaft connector, and the polishing material layer is adhered to the surface of the spherical cap-shaped elastic outer layer; the spherical cap-shaped air bag is characterized in that the spherical cap-shaped air bag shell is provided with a spherical cap-shaped elastic outer layer and a spherical cap-shaped elastic inner layer, the elastic modulus of the spherical cap-shaped elastic inner layer is greater than that of the spherical cap-shaped elastic outer layer, the spherical cap-shaped elastic outer layer is directly formed on the surface of the spherical cap-shaped elastic inner layer in an injection molding mode, and the spherical cap-shaped elastic outer layer is fixedly connected with the spherical cap-shaped elastic inner layer. The patent can realize the air bag type polishing function, but the outer spherical-crown-shaped elastic layer is directly bonded on the outer surface of the inner spherical-crown-shaped elastic layer and lacks the fixed connection of the structure, so that the outer spherical-crown-shaped elastic layer is easy to fall off in the using process, the use instability of the air bag tool head is increased, and the service life of the air bag tool head is reduced. When the air bag tool head rotates at a high speed to work, the dynamic balance of the air bag tool head has great influence on the processing quality, and the patent lacks consideration on the dynamic balance.
Chinese patent CN108481189B discloses an air bag polishing head capable of self-adjusting air pressure, which comprises an air bag disk, a polishing air bag, an air pressure self-adjusting module and an air inlet valve; the processing side of the polishing air bag is in a spherical crown shape, and the other side of the polishing air bag is fixedly arranged on the air bag disc; a polishing cavity is arranged in the polishing air bag, the outer surface of the processing side of the polishing air bag is opposite to the region of the polishing cavity, and part or all of the region is opposite to the polishing working part; the air pressure self-adjusting module is used for automatically adjusting the air pressure in the polishing cavity; the air inlet valve is used for being matched with a polishing air bag to realize inflation, the air bag tool head is flexible, the rigidity is insufficient, the self-adjusting module structure is complex, the air cavity range of the air bag tool head is large relative to the processing contact area, and therefore the control effect of the deformation condition of the air bag tool head in the processing contact area of the air bag tool head is not obvious in the processing process aiming at the control of air pressure.
The relative position of the air bag tool head and the workpiece is confirmed by external auxiliary equipment when the air bag tool head is used, the traditional mode is that tool setting is carried out by a 'trial cutting method', because the air bag tool head is a processing tool with certain flexibility, the relative position between the air bag tool head tool and the processed workpiece is determined by the tool setting carried out by a manual trial cutting method, the accuracy is low, and the efficiency is low, and the other mode is that: and (3) mounting the measuring head at a more accurate position of the machine tool, such as a main shaft, acquiring the workpiece origin point coordinates of the workpiece, dismounting the measuring head and other auxiliary equipment after the measurement is finished, mounting the air bag head to contact the workpiece, and finishing the tool setting in the height direction. The method is complicated in operation steps and long in time consumption, and uncertain errors are brought when auxiliary equipment is installed each time the tool setting mode is carried out.
In summary, the existing air bag tool head is basically a pure structure, the monitoring of each state of the air bag tool head is completed by adopting external auxiliary equipment, and the air bag tool head integrates the state monitoring function into the structure of the air bag tool head. In addition, the air bag tool head is processed in a precession mode, an area of the spherical crown corresponding to the axis of the tool holder is basically not contacted with a workpiece in the processing process, and the large-size air bag tool head belongs to an area with extremely low utilization rate and can be fully utilized by an internal cavity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel state-monitoring adjustable air bag tool head which improves the use reliability and stability and is added with a built-in detection device to monitor and control each state of an air bag aiming at the defects that each important state of the existing air bag, such as air pressure, position, temperature and pressure, needs to be assisted and detected by an external device to achieve the control purpose and the like.
The invention comprises a semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell, an air bag tool head tool handle, a slotted locking round nut, an pneumoelectric slip ring, a precise tool setting device and an air bag tool head state monitoring system; the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is fixedly installed on an air bag tool head cutter handle in a pressing mode through a slotted locking round nut, the air bag tool head cutter handle is connected with a shaft of an external driving device, an air-electric slip ring rotor is installed on the shaft of the device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate, an air-electric slip ring stator is installed on a fixing structure of the device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate, a precision tool setting device is installed on an installation hole of the air bag tool head cutter handle, sensors of an air bag tool head state monitoring system are distributed at positions of the air bag tool head in which states occur, and the air bag tool head state monitoring system collects the air-electric slip ring stator through a circuit and an air circuit which are distributed in the air bag tool head to complete input and output of state signals and the air.
The spherical crown part of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is of a three-layer semi-flexible structure similar to a sandwich and composed of outer rubber, a middle metal layer and an inner rubber layer, a ring groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the base matched with the middle metal layer, a steel sleeve is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the middle metal layer after the circumferential surface of the middle metal layer is pressed into the ring groove, and through holes are punched in the circumferential array of the assembled circumferential surfaces of the base, the middle metal layer and the middle metal layer. The outer rubber layer and the inner rubber layer are directly bonded and fixed with the middle metal layer at the spherical crown part, and the outer rubber layer and the inner rubber layer are communicated at the non-spherical crown part through the through holes and are structurally fixed and bonded and fixed on the base through the annular groove on the base.
Further, an upper disc surface of the airbag tool head tool handle is provided with a gas path through hole, a circuit through hole, a lifting hole and a counterweight groove, and a lower disc surface of the airbag tool head tool handle is provided with a positioning ring, a limiting rib and a mounting hole; the base of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is matched and assembled with the lower disc positioning ring of the air bag tool head tool handle, and is tightly pressed and fixedly installed on the air bag tool head tool handle through the slotted locking round nut; the tool bit tool handle of the air bag tool bit is used as an intermediate carrier to be connected with the driving device, the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell and the precise tool setting device;
when in processing, the axis of the tool holder of the air bag tool head and the normal line of the processing contact surface of the processed workpiece form a precession angle of 20-25 degrees.
The thickness of the outer rubber layer can be 5-7 mm, the thickness of the middle metal layer can be 0.5-1.2 mm, the thickness of the inner rubber layer can be 2-3 mm, and the rubber thickness of the air pressure regulating air bag is 0.5-2 mm.
The bottom of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is provided with a region with less contact, and the region can be separated to be used as an installation space of other devices;
when the air bag tool head works at a precession angle, the bottom area of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell hardly participates in contact processing, the area can be divided into a waterproof cover, namely, the structure of the cover is matched with the air bag tool head into a sphere, in order to prevent polishing liquid from sputtering an inner cavity of the air bag head, the waterproof cover can be designed into pipe thread connection, and the purposes of water prevention and convenient disassembly and assembly are achieved.
The gas-electric slip ring is composed of a gas-electric slip ring rotor and a gas-electric slip ring stator, the gas-electric slip ring rotor is arranged on a shaft of a device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate, and the gas-electric slip ring stator is arranged on a fixing structure of the device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate and plays a role in transmitting and communicating gas and electric signals between the rotating part and the fixing part.
The precise tool setting device is arranged on a mounting hole of a tool handle of the air bag tool head and comprises a telescopic linear motor, a side head, a waterproof cover and connecting parts of the telescopic linear motor, the side head and the waterproof cover, and the precise tool setting device is used for acquiring the accurate relative position state of the air bag tool head and a workpiece.
The state monitoring system of the air bag tool head comprises an air pressure monitoring module, a position monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and a pressure monitoring module, and is respectively used for monitoring four important states of air pressure, position, temperature and pressure of the air bag tool head; the air pressure monitoring module comprises an air pressure regulating and controlling air bag, an air path element, an air pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a corresponding detection and control circuit, and the detection and regulation control of the air pressure in the inner cavity of the air bag is completed together; the air pressure regulating air bags are arranged along the circumference and filled in the inner cavity of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell, air holes are formed in the flat top surface of the air pressure regulating air bags, the mounting quantity of the air pressure regulating air bags meets the requirement that the inner cavity of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is filled up, and the air pressure regulating air bags have replaceability; the air path element comprises an air pipe, an air pipe quick connector and an air path part of the air electric slip ring; the temperature monitoring module comprises a temperature sensor and a corresponding monitoring circuit, and the temperature sensor can be annularly arranged at a position between the middle metal layer and the inner rubber layer of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell; the pressure monitoring module comprises pressure sensors and corresponding monitoring circuits thereof, and the pressure sensors can be annularly arranged at positions between the middle metal layer and the inner rubber layer of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell; the position monitoring module comprises a precise tool setting device and a corresponding detection and control circuit.
The structure of the air bag tool head is optimized according to the requirements obtained in the manufacturing and using processes of the existing air bag tool, the air bag tool head handle, the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell and the slotted locking round nut are used as a basic framework of the air bag tool head, and the internal air pressure, the position of the air bag tool head on a machine tool, the temperature of the air bag tool head and a stress state monitoring system are combined to perform real-time monitoring and control through coordination of all parts so as to finish precise and ultra-precise polishing. The semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell constantly ensures the stability of the internal air pressure of the air bag tool head by combining an air pressure regulating air bag with an air pressure monitoring part in an air bag state monitoring system; the precise tool setting device is matched with a tool setting gauge through a built-in telescopic side head to carry out tool setting, so that the relative position state of an air bag tool head and a workpiece before polishing is precisely obtained, and an accurate processing track is provided for the workpiece; the temperature state and stress condition of the air bag tool head during working are monitored in real time through a galvanic couple temperature sensor and a surface mount pressure sensor of an air bag state monitoring system, and the acquired state data are transmitted to the monitoring system to make corresponding control measures. The invention improves the reliability and stability of the use, and is added with a built-in detection device to complete the monitoring and control of each state of the air bag.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-sectional view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a full-section view according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tool head position state of an airbag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a full-section structure of a handle of an air bag tool bit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a full sectional view of a semi-flexible spherical cap airbag housing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of an air pressure control airbag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure, each label is: 1. an air pressure regulating air bag; 11. a gas transmission hole; 12. an air pressure regulating air bag circuit channel; 2. a semi-flexible spherical crown airbag housing; 21. an outer rubber layer; 22. an intermediate metal layer; 23. an inner rubber layer; 24. steel jacket; 25. a base; 3. grooving and locking the round nut; 4, an air bag tool head and a tool handle; 41. lifting holes; 42. a counterweight groove; 431. a circuit via; 432. a gas path through hole; 44. a positioning ring; 45. limiting ribs; 46. mounting holes; 47. a tool shank spindle; 48. the disc surface is arranged; 49. a lower disc surface; 5. a quick connector for an air pipe; 51. a quick air pipe joint of the tool handle of the air bag tool head; 52. a gas pipe quick joint of the gas-electric slip ring rotor; 53. a gas pipe quick connector of the gas-electric slip ring stator; 61. an electro-pneumatic slip ring stator; 62. an electro-pneumatic slip ring rotor; 71. the wire interface of the gas-electric slip ring stator; 72. the wire interface of the gas-electric slip ring rotor; 81. a linear telescopic motor; 811. tightening the screw; 812. a linear telescopic motor fixing head; 813. a linear telescopic motor telescopic rod; 82. a waterproof cover connector; 83. a side head expansion joint; 84. a waterproof cover; 85. a lateral head; 86. tool setting gauge; 9. a waterproof cover; 10. and (5) a workpiece.
Detailed Description
The following examples will further illustrate the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the air bag tool head state monitoring system comprises a semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2, an air bag tool head cutter handle 4, a slotted locking round nut 3, an air-electric slip ring, an air pressure regulating air bag 1, a precision tool setting device and an air bag tool head state monitoring system. The state monitoring system of the air bag tool head comprises four parts, namely air pressure monitoring, position monitoring, temperature monitoring and pressure monitoring, which correspond to four important states of air pressure, position, temperature and pressure of the air bag tool head respectively.
The semi-flexible spherical cap air bag cover 2 includes an outer rubber layer 21, an intermediate metal layer 22, an inner rubber layer 23, a steel sleeve 24 and a base 25. The spherical crown part is a three-layer semi-flexible structure similar to a sandwich, the middle layer metal layer 22 is made of a metal sheet material through stamping, flexibility is guaranteed, and meanwhile certain rigidity is achieved, so that the physical performance and stamping performance of the selected metal material meet the requirements that no wrinkle and no fracture occur after the spherical crown is stamped, the shape fixing performance is good, and after stamping and forming, a heat treatment process is carried out to refine grains and improve the surface quality so as to improve the fatigue resistance. A circular groove is cut on the circumferential surface of the base 25 matched with the middle metal layer 22, the circumferential surface of the fixed part of the middle metal layer 22 is pressed into the groove, then a steel sleeve 24 is sleeved, and through holes are punched on the circumferential surface after the three parts are assembled in a circumferential array mode. The outer layer and the inner layer are bonded on the middle metal layer 22 through rubber injection molding, the inner rubber layer 21 and the outer rubber layer 23 are directly bonded and fixed with the middle metal layer 22 at the spherical crown part, the inner rubber layer 21 and the outer rubber layer 23 are communicated through the circumferential array through holes, and the double fixation of structure locking and injection molding bonding on the base is realized through the annular groove on the base 25. When the air bag tool head works at a precession angle, the bottom area of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 hardly participates in contact processing, the area is divided into a waterproof cover 9, namely the structure of the waterproof cover 9 is matched with the air bag tool head into a sphere, in order to prevent polishing liquid from sputtering to the inner cavity of the air bag head, the waterproof cover 9 is designed into pipe thread connection, and the purposes of water prevention and convenient disassembly and assembly are achieved.
The structure that the upper disc surface 48 of the cutter handle is provided with a lifting hole 41, a counterweight groove 42, an air passage through hole 432, a circuit through hole 431 and a lower disc surface 49 of the cutter handle is provided with a positioning ring 44, a limiting rib 45 and a mounting hole 46, wherein the lifting hole 41 is used for assembling a lifting lug when the air bag tool head is moved so as to be convenient to carry and mount, the counterweight groove 42 is used for adding a counterweight block to realize the dynamic balance of the air bag tool head, the positioning ring 44 is used for being pressed and fixedly mounted on the cutter handle 4 of the air bag tool head through a slotted locking round nut 3 after being matched and positioned with the inner circle of a base 25 of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2, the limiting rib 45 is used for limiting the circumferential motion of the air pressure regulating air bag 1 so as to be fixed, and the mounting hole 46 is used for mounting a precise cutter aligning device.
The air pressure monitoring module comprises an air pressure regulating air bag 1, an air path element, an air pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a corresponding detection and control circuit, and the detection and regulation control of the air pressure in the air bag inner cavity are completed together. The air pressure regulating air bags 1 are arranged along the circumference and filled in the inner cavity of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2, the mounting quantity of the air pressure regulating air bags 1 meets the requirement that the inner cavity of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 is just filled, and the air pressure regulating air bags have replaceability; the air path element comprises an air pipe, an air pipe quick connector 5 and an air path part of the gas-electric slip ring; the main gas path from the gas source is divided into branches with the same number as that of the air pressure regulating air bags 1, the gas is input into the rotating air bag head tool through the gas path part of the gas-electric slip ring after passing through the air pressure sensor and the electromagnetic valve, and enters the gas transmission hole 11 on the flat top surface of the air pressure regulating air bag 1 from the gas path through hole 432 of the air bag tool head tool handle 4 to reach the inner cavity. The air pressure sensor and the electromagnetic valve are used for detecting and regulating the air pressure in the inner cavity of the air bag in real time, so that the fluctuation is reduced, the air pressure is stable at any moment, and the processing quality is ensured.
The precise tool setting device is arranged on the mounting hole position 46 of the air bag tool head tool handle 4 and comprises a linear telescopic motor 81, a set screw 811, a linear telescopic motor fixing head 812, a linear telescopic motor telescopic rod 813, a waterproof cover connector 82, a side head telescopic connector 83, a waterproof cover 84, a side head 85 and a tool setting gauge 86. The linear telescopic motor 81 is arranged in the tool shank shaft 47 through a linear telescopic motor fixing head 812, the front end of a telescopic rod 813 of the linear telescopic motor is connected with the side head 85, the side head 85 is controlled to extend and retract, tool setting work is automatically completed, coordinate data of an air bag head tool is acquired and transmitted to a numerical control center, and the accurate relative position state of the air bag head tool and the workpiece 10 is obtained.
The temperature monitoring part and the pressure monitoring part in the air bag tool head state monitoring system comprise a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a corresponding detection and control circuit. In the processing process, the abnormal condition of the air bag tool head and the force state of the air bag tool head which can be most directly reflected when the air bag tool head is invalid occur, so that the stress state of the air bag tool head is necessarily monitored in real time. And circularly arranging patch type pressure sensors at the position between the air pressure regulating air bag 1 corresponding to the processing contact area and the inner rubber layer 23 of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 for monitoring the force state. The deformation of the middle metal layer 22 of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 can generate heat, the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 can also generate heat during processing contact, and for preventing the abnormal stress of the air bag tool head burn and the air bag tool head from causing large deformation and heating due to the supply of polishing solution, the position circular ring arrangement galvanic couple temperature sensor between the middle metal layer 22 of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 corresponding to the processing contact area and the inner rubber layer 23 carries out real-time monitoring on the temperature change condition of the air bag tool head.
The assembly flow of the present invention is given below:
and the tool handle 4 of the air bag tool head is used as an intermediate carrier to connect and install all parts. After the driving wire of the linear telescopic motor 81 is firstly placed into the shaft shank shaft 47 shaft hole of the air bag tool head tool shank 4 and penetrates out of the hole site II on the shaft, the linear telescopic motor 81 is inserted into the linear telescopic motor fixing head 812 and is inserted into the shaft shank shaft 47 shaft hole of the air bag tool head tool shank 4 together, the linear telescopic motor fixing head 812 and the shaft shank shaft 47 shaft hole are in transition fit, after the front end shaft shoulder of the linear telescopic motor 81 is positioned, the linear telescopic motor fixing head 812 is fixed by using a set screw 811, and the linear telescopic motor 81 is fixed. The front end of the linear telescopic motor telescopic rod 813 is connected with a side head telescopic joint 83, and the side head telescopic joint 83 is connected with a side head 85. The waterproof cover connector 82 is installed in the installation hole 46, and the waterproof cover 84 is installed together with the waterproof cover 9 to protect the side head 85 and prevent water. The air circuit and the circuit on the upper portion of the disk surface 48 of the upper disk surface of the tool handle 4 of the air bag tool head are connected, the circuit penetrates through the disk surface of the tool handle, the patch type pressure sensor and the thermocouple type temperature sensor are connected, the air pressure regulating air bag 1 is distributed along the limiting rib 45 and is arranged on the tool handle 4 of the air bag tool head, and the sensor circuit penetrates through the air pressure regulating air bag circuit channel 12 to adhere and fix the patch type pressure sensor and the thermocouple type temperature sensor in the circular ring area where the contact area I is located. The semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 is positioned and buckled on the air pressure regulating air bag 1 through the positioning ring 44, and the slotted locking round nut 3 is locked to press the base 25 of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 to fix the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell. The gas-electric slip ring stator 61 is installed on the air bag tool head arm, and the gas-electric slip ring rotor 62 is installed on the outer circumferential surface of the handle shaft 47 of the air bag head handle 4 and is fixed by a set screw 811. The electric wire interface 71 of the gas-electric slip ring stator is an inlet of each circuit, and after passing through the slip ring, the electric wire interface 72 of the gas-electric slip ring rotor supplies power to the linear expansion motor 81, the patch type pressure sensor and the galvanic couple type temperature sensor of the air bag tool head. The gas paths on the gas-electric slip ring stator 61 are connected to the gas transmission holes 11 of the gas pressure regulating air bags 1 from the gas hole on the shaft end surface of the gas-electric slip ring rotor 62 after passing through the slip ring. During machining, the air pressure regulating air bag 1 is filled with certain air pressure and then the air bag tool head is rotated, then the axis of the air bag head tool shank 4 and the normal line of the machining contact surface of a machined workpiece form a precession angle of 20-25 degrees and then the air bag head tool shank is pressed down to a certain height to reach the surface of the workpiece 10 to start machining.
The condition monitoring principle of the present invention is given below:
the monitoring and control state of the invention is divided into: air pressure, position, temperature and pressure. The air pressure regulating air bag 1 is combined with the air path to control the outline shape state of the air bag, so that the control on the air pressure stability is improved, the fitting property is enhanced, and the processing precision is improved; before processing, automatically setting a tool through a precise tool setting device to obtain a position state; the stress state and the temperature state in the processing process are completed by a temperature monitoring part and a pressure monitoring part in an air bag tool head state monitoring system.
Before the air bag tool head is used for processing a workpiece, a polishing material layer is required to be attached to the outer rubber layer 21 of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 by glue. The air cavity scope of gasbag tool head is for the regional I of processing contact big much, consequently for strengthening the flexible control of the gasbag tool head deformation condition of atmospheric pressure to gasbag tool head processing contact area I in the course of working, has arranged atmospheric pressure regulation and control gasbag 1 in the air cavity and has realized the control to processing contact area atmospheric pressure stability, reduces the influence of atmospheric pressure fluctuation to gasbag tool head course of working, improves the precision, reinforcing laminating nature. The air pressure regulating air bags 1 are circularly arrayed and filled with cavities of the air bag tool heads, and the size and the structure of each air pressure regulating air bag 1 are consistent, so that the interchangeability is improved, and the assembly is convenient. The upper plane of the air pressure regulation and control air bag 1 is provided with a groove which is matched with a limiting rib 45 of the air bag tool head tool handle 4 to limit the circumferential movement of the air pressure regulation and control air bag, the upper plane of the air pressure regulation and control air bag 1 is also provided with an air transmission hole 11, and an air pipe quick connector 51 is arranged on the air transmission hole to realize quick connection with an external air circuit. The air passage of each air pressure regulating air bag 1 is controlled by an electromagnetic valve and is connected with an air pressure sensor. The air pressure sensor monitors the air pressure of each path of air pressure regulating and controlling air bag 1 in real time, when the range of each air pressure regulating and controlling air bag 1 is monitored to be used as a processing contact area I, the air pressure in a cavity is increased due to deformation and extrusion of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2, the electromagnetic valve is controlled to open the air outlet to discharge partial air to enable the air pressure in the cavity of the air pressure regulating and controlling air bag 1 to be stable, and when the area of the air pressure regulating and controlling air bag 1 is monitored to be away from the processing contact area I, the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 recovers the original shape to enable the air pressure in the cavity.
Because the air bag tool head is a processing tool with certain flexibility and cannot be used for carrying out tool setting by a trial cutting method to accurately determine the relative position between the air bag tool head and a processed workpiece, the invention integrates the measuring head 85 into the air bag tool head and adopts a mode of automatically setting the tool by the tool setting gauge before the air bag tool head is used for tool setting. The side head 85 is extended and retracted by the driving of the linear telescopic motor 81 according to the use condition, and automatic tool setting is realized by matching with the tool setting gauge 86. The Z-axis of the side head 85, along with the three linear axes of the machine tool X, Y, Z, is used to find the highest point on the workpiece 10 or measurements of different heights of the part. The measurement in the X/Y axis direction is used for measuring the length and the width of the processed workpiece 10, so that the obtained coordinate values in the three directions can realize the alignment of the original point of the workpiece 10 by combining a numerical control system, compensate the error of a workpiece coordinate system, determine the processing amount and improve the tool setting efficiency. Because the polishing layer passing through the air bag tool head is matched with the polishing liquid to process when a part is processed, and the polishing layer is worn after a period of processing, the air bag tool head needs to be trimmed to enable the air bag tool head to have polishing capability again, and therefore the relation of the Z direction of each coordinate system needs to be determined again after online trimming. When the precise tool setting device is installed and used, the waterproof cover 9 is taken down, and the air bag tool is screwed in the machining process to protect the inner cavity of the air bag tool from being influenced by polishing liquid. The mounting positions of the processed workpieces are inconsistent every time, and the tool setting is required before processing.
Tool setting process: because the side head 85 is coaxially matched with the airbag tool head handle 4, the spherical center of the side head 85 is on the airbag tool head handle 4, that is, the horizontal coordinates of the side head 85 and the airbag tool head are consistent, that is, the differences Δ X and Δ Y between the spherical center of the side head 85 and the horizontal coordinates of the airbag tool head are zero. The axis of the air bag tool head is placed in parallel with the Z coordinate, the side head 85 is used for touching the tool setting gauge 86 placed at the designated position from the right above to obtain a Z coordinate value Z1, then the air bag tool head is used for touching the tool setting gauge 86 from the right above after being in a precession angle posture to obtain another Z coordinate value Z2, and the height difference delta Z between the spherical center of the side head 85 and the air bag tool head is obtained. And placing the axis of the air bag tool head and the Z coordinate in parallel, using the side heads 85 to respectively touch two pairs of opposite sides of the workpiece 10 two by two to obtain four coordinate data, and adding the coordinate data values perpendicular to each group of the opposite sides and dividing the value by 2 to obtain the central coordinate value (X0, Y0) of the workpiece 10. The axis of the air bag tool head is still placed parallel to the Z coordinate and the horizontal coordinate is moved to the coordinate value (X0, Y0) to touch the workpiece 10 using the side head 85, and the Z coordinate value Z0 of the highest point of the workpiece is obtained. And (3) adding or subtracting the obtained coordinates (X0, Y0, Z0) of the center highest point of the workpiece 10 and (delta X, delta Y, delta Z) to obtain the coordinates of the center point of the workpiece in the air bag tool head coordinate system, thereby completing accurate and automatic tool setting.
In the processing process, the abnormal condition of the air bag tool head and the state of the force borne by the air bag tool head which can be most directly reflected when the air bag tool head fails, the patch type pressure sensors which are arranged in a circular ring manner at the positions between the air pressure regulating air bag 1 corresponding to the processing contact area I and the rubber layer 23 in the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 deform the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell 2 in the processing and using process, the deformation signal is transmitted to the electric control center through the patch type pressure sensor, the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the deformation and the received force is established according to the relationship between the deformation and the stress of the metal material, and once the deformation abnormality of the air bag tool head is reflected to the patch type pressure sensor to be converted into the stress condition, the instruction is given to enable the air bag tool head to be far away from the processed workpiece and stop the machine tool to work, so that the abnormal force fluctuation caused by large pressing amount, fatigue failure of the middle metal layer 22 and the like is generated.
Because of the processing of the large-size workpiece, the air bag tool has serious heat condition due to large pressing amount, long processing time and over-high rotating speed, and the polishing material layer is burnt and damaged when the heating is serious, so that the damage of the air bag tool head is aggravated. The deformation of metal level 22 in the middle of semi-flexible spherical crown gasbag shell 2 can produce the heat, semi-flexible spherical crown gasbag shell 2 also will produce the heat during processing contact, arouse the big deformation to generate heat for preventing to lead to gasbag tool bit burn and the unusual atress of gasbag tool bit because of polishing solution supplies with unusually, position ring arrangement galvanic couple temperature sensor between metal level 22 and the interior rubber layer 23 in the middle of semi-flexible spherical crown gasbag shell 2 that processing contact zone I corresponds carries out real-time supervision to the temperature variation condition of gasbag tool bit, issue the instruction when appearing unusual undulant and let gasbag tool bit keep away from the work piece and stop the lathe work.
The invention relates to a polishing tool head with an optimized mechanical structure and an integrated airbag tool head for detecting and controlling each state of the polishing tool head and an electrical system. The air bag tool head comprises an air bag tool head tool handle, a semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell, a slotted locking round nut, an air-electric slip ring, an air pressure regulating air bag, a precise tool setting device and an air bag tool head state monitoring system. The air bag tool head comprises an air bag tool head handle, a semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell and a slotted locking round nut, wherein the air bag tool head handle, the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell and the slotted locking round nut are used as a basic framework of the air bag tool head, and the air pressure in the air bag tool head, the position of the air bag tool head on a machine tool, the temperature of the air bag tool head and a stress state monitoring system are combined to coordinate to carry out real-time. The semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell constantly ensures the stability of the internal air pressure of the air bag tool head by combining an air pressure regulating air bag with an air pressure monitoring part in an air bag state monitoring system; the precise tool setting device is matched with a tool setting gauge through a built-in telescopic side head to carry out tool setting, so that the relative position state of an air bag tool head and a workpiece before polishing is precisely obtained, and an accurate processing track is provided for the workpiece; the temperature state and the stress condition of the air bag tool head during working are monitored in real time through a galvanic couple type temperature sensor and a surface mount type pressure sensor of an air bag state monitoring system, and the acquired state data are transmitted to the monitoring system to make corresponding control measures.
Claims (7)
1. A novel state-monitorable and adjustable air bag tool head is characterized by comprising a semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell, an air bag tool head tool handle, a slotted locking round nut, an air-electric slip ring, a precise tool setting device and an air bag tool head state monitoring system; the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is fixedly installed on an air bag tool head cutter handle in a pressing mode through a slotted locking round nut, the air bag tool head cutter handle is connected with a shaft of an external driving device, an air-electric slip ring rotor is installed on the shaft of a device for driving an air bag tool head to rotate, an air-electric slip ring stator is installed on a fixing structure of the device for driving the air bag tool head to rotate, a precision tool setting device is installed on an installation hole of the air bag tool head cutter handle, sensors of an air bag tool head state monitoring system are distributed at positions where states of the air bag tool head occur, and a circuit and an air circuit which are distributed in the air bag tool head are gathered to the air-electric slip ring stator to complete input and output of state signals and the air circuit of the air bag tool head;
the spherical crown part of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is of a three-layer semi-flexible structure similar to a sandwich and composed of an outer rubber layer, a middle metal layer and an inner rubber layer, a ring groove is formed in the circumferential surface of the base matched with the middle metal layer, a steel sleeve is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the middle metal layer after the circumferential surface of the middle metal layer is pressed into the ring groove, and through holes are punched in the circumferential array of the assembled circumferential surfaces of the base, the middle metal layer and the middle metal layer; the outer rubber layer and the inner rubber layer are directly bonded and fixed with the middle metal layer at the spherical crown part, and the outer rubber layer and the inner rubber layer are communicated at the non-spherical crown part through the through holes and are structurally fixed and bonded and fixed on the base through the annular groove on the base.
2. The novel state-monitorable and adjustable air bag tool head according to claim 1 and characterized in that an upper disk surface of a tool holder of the air bag tool head is provided with an air passage through hole, a circuit through hole, a lifting hole and a counterweight groove, and a lower disk surface of the tool holder of the air bag tool head is provided with a positioning ring, a limiting rib and a mounting hole; the base of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is matched and assembled with the lower disc positioning ring of the air bag tool head tool handle, and is tightly pressed and fixedly installed on the air bag tool head tool handle through the slotted locking round nut; the tool bit handle of the air bag tool bit is used as an intermediate carrier to connect the driving device, the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell and the precise tool setting device.
3. The novel state-monitorable and adjustable air bag tool head according to claim 1 and characterized in that the axis of the tool shank of the air bag tool head forms a precession angle of 20-25 degrees with the normal of the processing contact surface of the processed workpiece.
4. The novel adjustable and controllable air bag tool head as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of said outer rubber layer is 5-7 mm, the thickness of said middle metal layer is 0.5-1.2 mm, the thickness of said inner rubber layer is 2-3 mm, and the rubber thickness of said air pressure control air bag is 0.5-2 mm.
5. The novel adjustable and controllable air bag tool head as recited in claim 1, wherein when the air bag tool head is operated at a precession angle, the bottom of the semi-flexible spherical cap air bag housing is divided into a region with less contact to be used as a waterproof cover, the cover is configured to fit with the air bag tool head in a spherical shape, and the waterproof cover is designed to be connected by a pipe thread to prevent the polishing solution from splashing into the inner cavity of the air bag head, so as to achieve the purposes of water resistance and convenient disassembly and assembly.
6. The novel state-monitorable and adjustable air bag tool head according to claim 1 and further comprising a precise tool setting device mounted on a mounting hole of a tool shank of the air bag tool head, wherein the precise tool setting device comprises a telescopic linear motor, a side head, a waterproof cover and connecting parts of the telescopic linear motor, the side head, the waterproof cover and the three parts, and is used for acquiring the accurate relative position state of the air bag tool head and a workpiece.
7. The novel state-monitorable and adjustable air bag tool head according to claim 1 and wherein the state-monitoring system of the air bag tool head comprises an air pressure monitoring module, a position monitoring module, a temperature monitoring module and a pressure monitoring module, which are respectively used for monitoring four important states of air pressure, position, temperature and pressure of the air bag tool head; the air pressure monitoring module comprises an air pressure regulating and controlling air bag, an air path element, an air pressure sensor, an electromagnetic valve and a corresponding detection and control circuit, and the detection and regulation control of the air pressure in the inner cavity of the air bag is completed together; the air pressure regulating air bags are arranged along the circumference and filled in the inner cavity of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell, air holes are formed in the flat top surface of the air pressure regulating air bags, the mounting quantity of the air pressure regulating air bags meets the requirement that the inner cavity of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell is filled up, and the air pressure regulating air bags have replaceability; the air path element comprises an air pipe, an air pipe quick connector and an air path part of the air electric slip ring; the temperature monitoring module comprises a temperature sensor and a corresponding monitoring circuit, and the temperature sensor can be annularly arranged at a position between the middle metal layer and the inner rubber layer of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell; the pressure monitoring module comprises pressure sensors and corresponding monitoring circuits thereof, and the pressure sensors can be annularly arranged at positions between the middle metal layer and the inner rubber layer of the semi-flexible spherical crown air bag shell; the position monitoring module comprises a precise tool setting device and a corresponding detection and control circuit.
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| CN202011131527.XA CN112247836A (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Novel adjustable gasbag instrument head can be monitored to state |
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| CN202011131527.XA CN112247836A (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Novel adjustable gasbag instrument head can be monitored to state |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113618543A (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2021-11-09 | 江苏嘉一北科光学科技有限公司 | Optical lens convex surface polishing equipment |
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