CN112244179A - 一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂 - Google Patents
一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：DL‑肉碱15～25份、磷虾粉15～25份、L‑苏氨酸5～12份、L‑组氨酸5～12份、L‑精氨酸5～12份、5‑呈味核苷酸二钠3份、蚯蚓粉3份、玉米胚芽粉3份和猪血粉3份，将上述原料按物理混合即为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。在杂交鳜鱼中目前还很少有关促摄饵物质的研究，本发明提供一种杂交鳜促摄食效果较好的复合添加剂，复合添加剂效果优于商品添加剂，可以作为一种实用添加剂进行推广应用于杂交鳜的驯食；本申请配制的复合添加剂，与其他商品添加剂、单体添加剂或几种单体添加剂相比较，对杂交鳜摄食效果产生了显著的效果，鳜鱼驯化率高达92.46％。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特种水产养殖技术领域，特别是一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。
背景技术
自上世纪80年代以来，从摄食行为等方面对鳜鱼进行了一定的食性驯化探究，形成了一定的研究基础。梁旭方等(1995)在研究鳜摄食机理的基础上在网箱内用冰鲜进行了鳜鱼驯食试验，初步确定了鳜鱼驯食的一般步骤；湖北省水产科学研究所的吴遵霖等(1996)通过驯食试验最早实现了鳜鱼对人工配合饲料的阶段性摄食。
杂交育种是利用亲本优势来提升鱼类生产性能的重要手段。卞云斌等在2008-2011年进行了翘嘴鳜和斑鳜的杂交育种试验，成功培育出平均全长6.52cm的杂交鳜1100余尾。此后的研究还包括斑鳜(♀)×翘嘴鳜(♂)(许淼洋等，2013)、翘嘴鳜(♀)×斑鳜(♂)(张进等，2013；孙际佳等，2016)等鳜鱼种间杂交试验。鳜鱼的杂交后代在生长、摄食人工饲料等方面的性能具有一定的杂种优势，李传阳等(2016)的研究表明，鳜鱼亲本及其杂交子代的生长速度差异为：翘嘴鳜>杂交鳜(斑鳜(♀)×翘嘴鳜(♂))>斑鳜；高晓霞等(2017)的报道显示，翘嘴鳜(♀)×斑鳜(♂)杂交后代的人工饲料驯食率可达70％左右。
但是，以上驯食及杂交试验研究仅仅局限于实验室或小规模的养殖技术实践，驯食率低且效果不稳定，因而其研究成果无法应用于现代鳜鱼产业实践。为此，本发明对杂交鳜鱼的易摄食人工饲料和诱食添加剂进行挖掘和筛选，提高杂交鱼的驯化率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，以解决上述技术背景中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明通过以下技术方案来实现：
一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：DL-肉碱15～25份、磷虾粉15～25份、L-苏氨酸5～12份、L-组氨酸5～12份、L-精氨酸5～12份、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3份、蚯蚓粉3份、玉米胚芽粉3份和猪血粉3份，将上述原料按物理混合即为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。
上述技术方案中，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：DL-肉碱20份、磷虾粉20份、L-苏氨酸8份、L-组氨酸8份、L-精氨酸8份、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3份、蚯蚓粉3份、玉米胚芽粉3份和猪血粉3份，将上述原料按物理混合即为人工饲料的复合添加剂。
上述技术方案中，所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的5～10％。
上述技术方案中，所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的7.6～7.7％。
上述技术方案中，所述人工饲料，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：白鱼粉47份、鲜鱼肉(干重)35份、酵母粉2份、鱼肝油5份、磷酸钙1份、无机盐混合物1份、维生素混合物2份、矿物预混料2份和羧甲基纤维素5份。
上述技术方案中，所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂在促进杂交鳜摄食养殖中的应用。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1)在杂交鳜鱼中目前还很少有关促摄饵物质的研究，本发明将提供杂交鳜促摄食效果较好的复合添加剂，复合添加剂效果优于商品添加剂，可以作为一种实用添加剂进行推广应用于杂交鳜的驯食；
2)本申请配制的复合添加剂，与其他商品添加剂、单体添加剂或几种单体添加剂相比较，对杂交鳜摄食效果产生了显著的效果，鳜鱼驯化率高达92.46％。同时本申请配制的复合添加剂配合人工饲料，使得杂交鳜驯化率达90％的驯食周期只需要1个月。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：DL-肉碱15～25份、磷虾粉15～25份、L-苏氨酸5～12份、L-组氨酸5～12份、L-精氨酸5～12份、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3份、蚯蚓粉3份、玉米胚芽粉3份和猪血粉3份，将上述原料按物理混合即为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。
所述促进杂交鳜摄食复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的5～10％。其中，所述人工饲料，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：白鱼粉47份、鲜鱼肉(干重)35份、酵母粉2份、鱼肝油5份、磷酸钙1份、无机盐混合物1份、维生素混合物2份、矿物预混料2份和羧甲基纤维素5份。其中，无机盐混合物(购自饲料公司)，维生素混合物(购自饲料公司)，为市售产品。
无机盐混合物、维生素混合物具体含量如下：
无机盐混合物由下述重量份的原料制备：NaF 2.5份；KI 1.5份；CoCl2·6H2O 50份；CuSO4·5H2O 15份；FeSO4·H2O 100份；ZnSO4·H2O 50份；MnSO4·H2O 60份；MgSO4·7H2O1200份；Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O 2400份；NaCl 100份。
维生素混合物由下述重量份的原料制备：维生素B130份；维生素B240份；维生素B620份；维生素B120.1份；维生素K310份；肌醇600份；维生素B350份；维生素B5100份；叶酸20份；维生素B71份；维生素A20份；维生素D320份；生育酚100份；维生素C 1200份；维生素E30份；氯化胆碱800份。
本发明还提供一种人工配合饲料，包括上述的人工饲料和复合添加剂；用于杂交鳜饲料驯食；例如，杂交鳜为湖南洞庭湖翘嘴鳜母本与广西西江梧州段斑鳜父本杂交，进行人工繁殖所得；
实施例1
每公斤人工饲料中添加所述复合添加剂为：DL-肉碱25g、磷虾粉25g、L-苏氨酸5g、L-组氨酸5g、L-精氨酸5g、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3g、蚯蚓粉3g、玉米胚芽粉3g和猪血粉3g，将上述原料按物理混合既为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的7.7％。
实施例2
每公斤人工饲料中添加所述复合添加剂为：DL-肉碱20g、磷虾粉20g、L-苏氨酸8g、L-组氨酸8g、L-精氨酸8g、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3g、蚯蚓粉3g、玉米胚芽粉3g和猪血粉3g、将上述原料按物理混合既为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的7.6％。
实施例3
每公斤人工饲料中添加所述复合添加剂为：DL-肉碱15g、磷虾粉15g、L-苏氨酸12g、L-组氨酸12g、L-精氨酸g、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3g、蚯蚓粉3g、玉米胚芽粉3g和猪血粉3g，将上述原料按物理混合既为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的6.6％。
以未添加复合添加剂的人工饲料作为未添加组，以实施例1、2、3作为复合添加剂1、2、3组；对平均体长为0.58cm左右的杂交鳜进行1个月饲养周期(2020年7月23号到2020年8月23号)的养殖试验，1个月后对杂交鳜进行增重率检测，统计分析杂交鳜的增重、存活及饵料系数换算。
另外，本实施例在试验中同时利用商品诱食剂进行平行比较试验，为了清除本发明制备的复合添加剂与单体添加剂之间的误差，本发明将制备的3种复合添加剂与单体添加成分(例如DL-肉碱、磷虾粉、L-苏氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-精氨酸、蚯蚓粉)进行比较；商品诱食剂、单体添加成分的添加量与复合添加剂2的添加量相同。对驯食中的杂交鳜增重率和存活率的分析统计结果如表1所示：
表1本发明的复合添加剂对驯食中的杂交鳜增重率和存活率的影响
说明：表中同行内数据标有不同字母表示有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
由表1可以明显看出本发明制备的复合添加剂1、2、3组的杂交鳜增重率和存活率显著高于其他组，饲料系数最低。
商购的商品诱食剂养殖杂交鳜的生长效果和存活率要差于本发明制备的复合添加剂，主要原因可能是商品诱食剂不是杂交鳜专用添加剂，不适合在杂交鳜人工饲料中添加使用。
本发明制备的复合添加剂对杂交鳜的增重率和存活率的促进效果明显优于单体添加成分。其次是DL-肉碱、L-苏氨酸、蚯蚓粉能在一定程度上促进鳜鱼增重和存活，饲料系数显著高于本发明制备的复合添加剂2；而添加磷虾粉、L-组氨酸、L-精氨酸对鳜鱼摄食和生长均没有显著影响。
将DL-肉碱、L-苏氨酸、蚯蚓粉中的任意两个或两个以上添加到人工饲料中，添加量与复合添加剂2的添加量相同。对平均体长为0.58cm左右的杂交鳜进行1个月饲养周期的养殖试验，1个月后对杂交鳜进行增重、存活进行统计，分析得杂交鳜的增重率在10.83％以下、存活率在88.43％、以及及饵料系数显著高于本发明制备的复合添加剂2。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的具体实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：DL-肉碱15～25份、磷虾粉15～25份、L-苏氨酸5～12份、L-组氨酸5～12份、L-精氨酸5～12份、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3份、蚯蚓粉3份、玉米胚芽粉3份和猪血粉3份，将上述原料按物理混合即为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：DL-肉碱20份、磷虾粉20份、L-苏氨酸8份、L-组氨酸8份、L-精氨酸8份、5-呈味核苷酸二钠3份、蚯蚓粉3份、玉米胚芽粉3份和猪血粉3份，将上述原料按物理混合即为促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的5～10％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂的添加量为人工饲料的7.6～7.7％。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述人工饲料，按重量份计份的原料配比包括：白鱼粉47份、鲜鱼肉35份、酵母粉2份、鱼肝油5份、磷酸钙1份、无机盐混合物1份、维生素混合物2份、矿物预混料2份和羧甲基纤维素5份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂，其特征在于，所述促进杂交鳜摄食人工饲料的复合添加剂在促进杂交鳜摄食养殖中的应用。
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