CN112243892A - Method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using shallow super - Google Patents
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- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
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- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- 241000256837 Apidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 description 36
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000256846 Apis cerana Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K47/00—Beehives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L21/00—Marmalades, jams, jellies or the like; Products from apiculture; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L21/20—Products from apiculture, e.g. royal jelly or pollen; Substitutes therefor
- A23L21/25—Honey; Honey substitutes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using a shallow super, which comprises the following steps: (1) breeding healthy bee strong colonies; (2) producing a shallow honeycomb without antibiotics by using strong bee colonies for later use; (3) in a large honey flow period, additionally arranging a shallow super on the top of the hive, putting the shallow honeycombs obtained in the step (2) into the shallow super, enabling the put shallow honeycombs to correspond to the honeycombs in the hive one by one, storing semi-mature honey in the shallow honeycombs by bees, and brewing by the bees to obtain mature honeycombs; (4) taking out the mature honey spleens in the shallow relay box and dehumidifying and drying the mature honey spleens at the end of the honey flow period; (5) drying, separating by honey extraction, and filling. According to the invention, only the high-concentration naturally mature honey brewed by the honeybees is collected, and the high-temperature concentration processing is not carried out, so that the nutritional value of the honey is ensured to the maximum extent, the quality of the honey is high, the residue of antibiotics in the honey is effectively avoided, the quality of the honey is further improved, and the high nutritional value of the honey is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of honey production, and particularly relates to a method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using a shallow super.
Background
At present, the beekeeping farmers in China mainly produce low-concentration immature honey due to the influence of factors such as a breeding mode, a production mode, market price and the like, and beekeepers producing high-concentration mature honey are few.
The existing high-concentration honey in China is basically prepared by carrying out high-temperature concentration processing on low-concentration immature honey, the concentration of the processed high-concentration immature honey reaches the concentration of mature honey, but the content of the nutritional value of the high-concentration immature honey is greatly lower than that of the mature honey; meanwhile, the irregular bee-keeping mode in the bee-keeping process aggravates the labor intensity of bees, so that the bees are weak and sick, and bee-keeping people are quite common and prominent in the phenomena of indiscriminate use and abuse of antibiotics for treating and preventing bee diseases under the guidance of lack of correct bee disease prevention and treatment theoretical knowledge and technology, so that the content of the antibiotics in the produced honey exceeds the standard, and the quality and the nutritive value of the honey are further reduced.
Mature honey refers to honey which is collected by bees and stored in a nest after being fully brewed (the bees are considered to be mature) and is covered by beeswax. The honey is thick, mellow and rich in nutrition, and is a real high-quality honey. Compared with mature honey, the non-mature honey is not subjected to the complete brewing process of bees, various enzymes secreted by the bees are greatly lower than the mature honey, the content of sucrose is relatively higher than that of the mature honey, and the non-mature honey is easy to deteriorate due to the large water content. In addition, even if honey is fully brewed by bees and sealed to be mature in a period of high air humidity, the Baume degree of the honey is difficult to reach over 42 degrees, generally only 40-41.5 degrees, and the honey can still be fermented and deteriorated in high-temperature seasons in summer.
Therefore, we propose an efficient and safe production system for producing natural mature high concentration honey without antibiotics.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using a shallow super, which can produce natural mature high-concentration honey, aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using a shallow super comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding healthy bee strong colonies;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) producing a shallow honeycomb without antibiotics by utilizing healthy strong bee colonies: selecting healthy and disease-free bee colonies in the step (1), adding a shallow foundation frame to enable the bee colonies to build a shallow honeycomb when the comb building activity of the bee colonies is extremely high in an external honey flowing period, taking out the bee colonies after the shallow honeycomb on the shallow foundation frame is built, taking out the bee colonies, putting the bee colonies into the shallow foundation frame again to enable the bee colonies to continue building the shallow honeycomb, and repeating the steps in the same manner to obtain a sufficient number of shallow honeycombs without antibiotics for later use;
(3) production of honey spleens: in a large honey flow period, additionally arranging a shallow super at the top of the hive, putting the shallow honeycombs obtained in the step (2) into the shallow super, enabling the put shallow honeycombs to correspond to the honeycombs in the hive one by one, storing semi-mature honey in the shallow honeycombs by bees, brewing to obtain mature honey by the bees, and sealing to obtain mature honey;
(4) collecting mature honey spleens: taking out the mature honey spleens in the shallow relay box at the end of the honey flowing period, taking out the mature honey spleens, placing the mature honey spleens in a drying chamber for dehumidification and drying until the honey concentration reaches 42-43 Baume degrees;
(5) honey taking and filling: and (3) honey shaking and separating the dried honey spleens, immediately filtering and packaging after separation while the honey spleens are hot, and thus obtaining the canned mature honey.
Preferably, during the production of honeybees, the bee colony cannot be fed with syrup and medicines for treating or preventing bee diseases.
Preferably, the temperature in the drying chamber in the step (4) is controlled to be 30-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be below 15%.
Preferably, the standard for strong bee colony selection in the step (1) is that Chinese bees are more than 6 splenomed bees, and western bees are more than 12 splenomed bees.
Preferably, when the shallow honeycomb in the step (2) is used for storing the honey of the Chinese bees, a west bee industry honeycomb foundation is adopted for repairing and manufacturing; when the shallow honeycomb is used for storing the honey of the west bees, a west bee comb foundation is adopted for repairing and constructing.
Preferably, the shallow honeycomb can be stored frozen at-18 deg.C after taking out honey.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by additionally arranging a shallow honeycomb on the original beehive, the honeybees can store the collected honey at the bottom of the honeycomb by utilizing the honey storage habit of the honeybees, and the mature honey can be stored at the top of the honeycomb after the honey is brewed and matured by the honeybees; after the shallow honeycomb is additionally arranged, collected nectar is brewed and matured by the bees and then is stored in the shallow honeycomb, so that the nectar can not be taken out together with the immature honey in the lower honeycomb box during honey taking, and the quality of the honey is ensured;
(2) the shallow honeycomb is built by adopting strong swarm and healthy bees, so that the shallow honeycomb is ensured not to contain any antibiotic, and the quality and safety of honey after being stored are ensured;
(3) after the mature honey comb is covered, because the air humidity is high, the bees are difficult to discharge the excessive water content in the honey comb, so that the water content in the honey comb is difficult to reach the standard of the excellent grade, and the excessive water content in the honey comb can be effectively removed by adopting the dehumidifying and drying of the drying chamber, so that the quality of the honey is further improved;
(4) during the production period of the honey comb, any antibiotics and syrup are forbidden to be fed, and the quality and safety of honey are further ensured.
According to the invention, strong bees are used for strengthening the group, only the naturally mature honey brewed by the bees is collected, and after collection, dehumidification and drying are carried out to remove redundant water in the honey without high-temperature concentration processing, so that the nutritional value of the honey is ensured to the maximum extent, the quality of the honey is high, the residue of antibiotics in the honey is effectively avoided, the quality of the honey is further improved, and the high nutritional value of the honey is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the beehive and shallow super of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a nest box; 2. shallow super; 3. a shallow honeycomb; 4. and (5) a honeycomb.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The method for producing the antibiotic-free mature honey by using the shallow super disclosed by the embodiment comprises the following steps of:
(1) selecting healthy and disease-free Chinese bees for strong colony cultivation; starting to breed and cultivate a large number of collected bees with suitable age by using a swarm with the Chinese bee colony vigor not less than 3 spleens about 45 days before the honey flow period comes, paying attention to heat preservation of the swarm and fully utilizing reward feeding to promote queen bee production in the process of breeding and cultivating the large number of collected bees, and ensuring that the Chinese bee colony vigor reaches more than 6 spleens after the honey flow period comes to complete the cultivation of strong bee colonies;
(2) producing a shallow honeycomb 3 without antibiotics by using strong swarm Chinese bees; the drone and the west bee have habits of making male honeycombs for storing honey, the honey storage spleens of the Chinese bees can be repaired by the bee comb foundation of the west bee worker, and because the new honeycombs are large in holes and fresh in wax, the honey storage efficiency is high, and the phenomenon that the color and luster of newly-collected light-color honey are deepened due to the fact that the old honeycombs are easy to decolor is avoided.
In the external honey flowing period, the comb making enthusiasm of the bee colony is high, the bee colony is enabled to make the comb at the moment, a shallow comb foundation frame is placed in the comb box 1, the height of the shallow comb foundation frame is one third to one half of the height of the comb 4 in the comb box 1, the shallow comb foundation frame is specifically matched with the height of a shallow super box 2 which is actually used, after the comb making of the bees on the placed shallow comb foundation frame is completed, a shallow comb 3 is obtained and taken out for standby, then a new shallow comb foundation frame is placed in the comb box 1 again to enable the bee colony to continue to make the comb, and a large number of shallow combs 3 are obtained for standby by reciprocating in the way; healthy and disease-free bee colonies are selected for construction in the process of spleen building;
(3) producing honey spleens; because the honeycomb function of the bees is clearly divided into 'upper honey storage and lower brood', the nectar newly collected by the bees is stored at the lower part of the honeycomb 4 in the hive 1, the water content of the new nectar is usually more than 50%, the new nectar is carried to the upper part of the honeycomb 4 for storage and full brewing after being brewed to be half-mature by the bees, and finally, the mature honey is obtained at the upper part of the honeycomb 4;
in this embodiment, in the period of large honey flow, as shown in fig. 1, a shallow super 2 communicated with the top of a hive 1 is additionally arranged at the top of the hive 1, shallow combs 3 obtained in step (2) are placed in the shallow super 2, the height of the shallow super 2 is one third to one half of the hive 1, the shallow combs 3 are exactly matched with the shallow super 2, the shallow combs 3 are placed and correspond to the combs 4 in the hive 1 one by one, after the shallow combs 3 are additionally arranged, the shallow combs 3 are positioned at the top of the combs 4 and correspond to the combs 4 one by one, according to the habits of bees, the collected new honey is stored at the lower part of the combs 4 of the hive 1 for brewing, when the honey is collected at the beginning, because the holes of the shallow combs are empty, the bees store a small amount of new honey in the holes of the shallow combs, and the rest of the new honey is stored at the lower part of the combs 4, the honey can convey the semi-mature honey at the lower part of the honeycomb 4 to the shallow honeycomb 3 at the top for storage, and the semi-mature honey stored in the shallow honeycomb 3 is brewed continuously until the semi-mature honey is brewed into mature honey, and the mature honey is obtained after the cover is closed; after the honey storage of a shallow honeycomb is finished, only a shallow super 2 is needed to be additionally arranged between the shallow super 2 full of honey and the nest box 1, then the shallow honeycomb 3 is put in, and the empty shallow honeycomb 3 is positioned between the shallow honeycomb 3 full of honey and the honeycomb 4, so that the bees continue to convey the semi-mature honey to a new shallow honeycomb 3 and store the semi-mature honey downwards, and the newly stored semi-mature honey is brewed until the honey is mature; the number of the shallow super boxes 2 can be selected and added according to the actual honey yield of the bees; during the production period of the honeybees, the feeding of syrup and medicines for treating or preventing bee diseases is forbidden;
(4) collecting mature honey spleens; when honey is taken after the honey flowing period is finished, the bees are driven to the lower nest box 1, then the upper shallow super box 2 is taken down, the mature honey combs in the shallow super box 2 are taken out, at the moment, the honey taken out from the honey combs is mature honey, and the non-mature honey with high water content is positioned in the nest box 1 and is left for the bees to eat; because the air humidity is higher, even if the sealed mature honey is covered, the concentration of the honey shaken out from the honey spleens is still not high, therefore, the taken-off mature honey spleens need to be dehumidified and dried, the taken-off mature honey spleens are placed in a drying chamber, the temperature in the drying chamber is controlled to be 30-35 ℃, the humidity is controlled to be below 15 percent, the honey spleens are naturally placed and dried for more than 3 days, and the drying is finished when the honey concentration reaches 42-43 Baume degrees;
(5) honey is taken out and filled; performing honey shaking separation on the dried honey spleens by adopting a full-automatic large honey shaking machine, immediately filtering and packaging the separated honey when the separated honey is hot, and thus obtaining canned mature honey; because the concentration of the honey is too high, the cooled honey is very viscous and is not easy to filter;
(6) preservation of the shallow honeycomb 3; when the shallow honeycomb 3 is used for producing mature honey for the first time, the newly manufactured shallow honeycomb 3 is needed, and the manufactured shallow honeycomb 3 can be reused for many years, so that the shallow honeycomb 3 after the honey is taken can be placed in a freezer for freezing storage at-18 ℃.
Example 2
The embodiment is basically the same as the embodiment 1, only the bee varieties for honey production are selected to be different, the west bees are selected for honey production, and the west bees with strong colonies need 12 spleens above; when the shallow honeycomb 3 is used for storing the honey of the west bees, the drone comb foundation of the west bees is adopted for repairing; meanwhile, the west bees are generally raised in double boxes, the nest box 1 is a breeding area, the super is a honey storage area, the super can be detached from the bees before the shallow super 2 is added, the hive is sealed and stored with the box, and then the shallow super 2 is added on the nest box 1.
Field test
(1) Selecting 12 swarms of Apis cerana Fabricius in Abam as test swarms;
selection principle: the queen bees are new queen bees cultured in the same batch, and collected bees with proper age are cultured 40 days before honey flow, so that the situation of bee colony groups before the test is started is equivalent and the activity is normal;
(2) grouping tests;
randomly dividing test bee colonies into 2 groups, one group is a test group, the other group is a comparison group, and each group comprises 6 boxes of bee colonies (the serial numbers are 1-6 respectively);
(3) the feeding management modes are consistent, the artificial interference is avoided as much as possible, wherein the test group adopts a combined beehive of a standard box and a shallow super to produce honey, and the scheme is the scheme of the invention; the comparison group adopts a standard box to produce honey, and the quality of the honey produced in 30 days is determined.
Test bee colony honey yield metering mode: the weight difference of the bee colony before and after honey shaking is weighed and recorded as the weight of the single-box single honey yield (the honey cover mass is counted). The determination result is the quality sum of honey produced by the bee colony in the 30d big honey flow period, which is detailed in
Table 1:
table 1: honey production per colony
The total honey yield of the test group is 3.04 times that of the control group as can be seen from the table 1; from the single yield, the lowest of the test group is 2.36 times of the highest of the control group, and the highest of the test group is 3.38 times of the highest of the control group.
The test result shows that: the combined beehive adopting the standard hive and the shallow super has obvious advantages in the breeding production of the apis cerana gaertn, and has higher breeding yield and smaller influence on bee colonies compared with the standard hive.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modification and replacement based on the technical solution and inventive concept provided by the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using a shallow super is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) breeding healthy bee strong colonies;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) producing a shallow honeycomb without antibiotics by utilizing healthy strong bee colonies: selecting healthy and disease-free bee colonies in the step (1), adding a shallow foundation frame to enable the bee colonies to build a shallow honeycomb when the comb building activity of the bee colonies is extremely high in an external honey flowing period, taking out the bee colonies after the shallow honeycomb on the shallow foundation frame is built, taking out the bee colonies, putting the bee colonies into the shallow foundation frame again to enable the bee colonies to continue building the shallow honeycomb, and repeating the steps in the same manner to obtain a sufficient number of shallow honeycombs without antibiotics for later use;
(3) production of honey spleens: in a large honey flow period, additionally arranging a shallow super at the top of the hive, putting the shallow honeycombs obtained in the step (2) into the shallow super, enabling the put shallow honeycombs to correspond to the honeycombs in the hive one by one, storing semi-mature honey in the shallow honeycombs by bees, brewing to obtain mature honey by the bees, and sealing to obtain mature honey;
(4) collecting mature honey spleens: taking out the mature honey spleens in the shallow relay box at the end of the honey flowing period, taking out the mature honey spleens, placing the mature honey spleens in a drying chamber for dehumidification and drying until the honey concentration reaches 42-43 Baume degrees;
(5) honey taking and filling: and (3) honey shaking and separating the dried honey spleens, immediately filtering and packaging after separation while the honey spleens are hot, and thus obtaining the canned mature honey.
2. The method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using the shallow super according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the production process of honeybees, the syrup and the medicines for treating or preventing bee diseases cannot be fed to bee colonies.
3. The method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using the shallow super according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and (4) controlling the temperature in the drying chamber to be 30-35 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be below 15%.
4. The method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using the shallow super according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the strong bee colony selection standard in the step (1) is that Chinese bees reach more than 6 splenomed bees, and western bees reach more than 12 splenomed bees.
5. The method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using the shallow super according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the shallow honeycomb in the step (2) is used for storing the honey of the Chinese bees, a west bee worker honeycomb foundation is adopted for repairing and manufacturing; when the shallow honeycomb is used for storing the honey of the west bees, a west bee comb foundation is adopted for repairing and constructing.
6. The method for producing antibiotic-free mature honey by using the shallow super as claimed in any one of claims 1, 2, 4 and 5, wherein the shallow super comprises the following steps: the shallow honeycomb can be frozen and stored at the temperature of 18 ℃ below zero after honey is taken.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114903013A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-16 | 江油市农业科教信息服务中心 | Bee colony merging method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114903013A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-16 | 江油市农业科教信息服务中心 | Bee colony merging method |
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