CN114903013A - Bee colony merging method - Google Patents
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- CN114903013A CN114903013A CN202210683992.7A CN202210683992A CN114903013A CN 114903013 A CN114903013 A CN 114903013A CN 202210683992 A CN202210683992 A CN 202210683992A CN 114903013 A CN114903013 A CN 114903013A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a bee colony merging method, which adopts vibration to realize the merging of two or more bee colonies, selects a queen-free bee comb to be placed in a beehive, and controls the amplitude, frequency and time of vibration to the beehive; wherein the range of the vibration amplitude is 7.5-12.5 mm; the frequency range of the vibration is 6.1-7.1 Hz; the vibration time range is 1-5 min; the bee colony is a live frame bee colony which is artificially raised; the combined optimal vibration amplitude is 10 mm; the combined optimum vibration frequency is 7.1 Hz; the combined optimal shaking time was 3 min. The invention has the characteristics of simplicity and high merging rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bee breeding, in particular to a bee colony merging method.
Background
Honeybees, as a social insect, live and reproduce in colonies. In the process of feeding bees, necessary measures are taken to ensure the strength of bee colonies, so that the overall stress resistance of the bee colonies can be greatly improved, and the production of related bee products is facilitated.
The merging of bee colonies is a technical measure often used in bee-keeping production. Weak groups not only have poor stress resistance, viability, disease resistance and productivity, but also are easy to cause robber bees and infect diseases and insect pests, and only strong groups are the basis of high yield of bee products, so that weak groups, queen-free groups, copulation groups and the like which are slow in development and difficult to manage are combined in due time. For example, in early spring, two weak colonies are combined into a bee colony with medium colony vigor, so that the proliferation speed of the bee colony can be greatly accelerated; if two weak groups are combined at the end of autumn, the probability of success of overwintering can be increased by a large amount; and if two weak groups are combined before the honey shortage period, the defense capability of the bee group to the pirate can be improved, and the like. It follows that the merging of the bee colonies is closely related to the development of survival of the bee colonies themselves and also to the production of bee products.
The common merging methods for bee colonies mainly include the following methods: direct combination, indirect combination, odor interference, and the like; the direct combination method is easily influenced by external environment and seasons, cannot be carried out constantly, is poorer in controllability compared with other methods, and needs to be considered in effect; the indirect merging method is long in time consumption, is only suitable for merging a small number of bee colonies, is difficult to merge a large number of bee colonies, and is relatively complex and inconvenient to operate; the smell interference method is not easy to quantify, the conditions of each bee are different, the seasons and temperatures are different, the dosage is different, the bee colony can fly away due to excessive dosage, and the bee colony can be merged due to insufficient dosage.
Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple bee colony merging method with high merging rate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a simple bee colony merging method with high merging rate.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a bee colony merging method which is characterized in that the method adopts vibration to realize merging of two or more bee colonies, a queen-free bee comb is selected to be placed in a beehive, and the amplitude, frequency and time of vibration to the beehive are controlled; wherein the range of the vibration amplitude is 7.5-12.5 mm; the frequency range of the vibration is 6.1-7.1 Hz; the vibration time range is 1-5 min.
Preferably, the bee colony is a live frame bee colony bred manually.
Preferably, the combined optimum vibration amplitude is 10 mm; the combined optimum vibration frequency is 7.1 Hz; the combined optimal shaking time was 3 min.
The merging method of the invention solves the problems and has the following advantages: the method influences the alertness consciousness of different bee colonies through vibration, reduces the probability of bee clique and death caused by fighting due to bee colony merging, and has the advantages of simple operation method and high merging efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the average value of each vibration time in the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the average values of vibration amplitudes according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the average value of vibration frequency.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only specific experimental solutions and data in the verification process of the present invention. It is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not the whole embodiment. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Experimental example 1 bee colony merging experiment
1. Required experimental materials:
four swarms of Italian bees, each swamp of eight spleens; five Lang-type ten-frame boxes; one bottle of floral water, one bottle of white spirit, a plurality of drawing pins, a plurality of nails, oak strips, tung wood strips, ten ropes with the length of two meters, one wood board with the length of one meter, the length of five centimeters and the width of fifteen centimeters, ten single-side covers, ten pieces of cloth covers, one hammer and one electric hand drill; one vibration instrument and two heavy objects (bricks).
2. Experimental methods
(1) Preparation of a vibration beehive: taking a Lange ten-frame beehive as a prototype to draw a beehive nest door stop, using wood strips to plug a nest door channel along the inner edge of a box wall, equally dividing three flashboards into four areas for each Lange ten-frame beehive, using 8mm oak strips to make a sliding chute to fix the flashboards, wherein the middle flashboards are completely fixed by nails, the middle flashboards are not drawn out in the test, the other two flashboards are inserted in the sliding chutes and can be freely drawn out but cannot span, taking two pieces of covering cloth of 55cm multiplied by 20cm, using drawing nails to fix the long edges of the covering cloth at the long edges of the beehive body, drilling small holes of 2mm in diameter at the positions 1cm away from the flashboards by electric drills at the two sides of a drawing groove, and using eight small holes in total for driving long nails to fix a honeycomb.
(2) Preparation of a vibration platform: selecting three boards of 1.2m multiplied by 15cm, cutting one board into four small boards with equal length by a saw, measuring the middle points of the two boards of 1.2m and the four boards of 30cm by a measuring tape and marking, placing the two boards on the ground in parallel at a distance of 3cm, selecting two small boards, fixing the left board and the right board at two ends of the two boards of 1.2m by nails, fixing the middle points of the other two small boards at the positions 27cm away from the middle point of the board at the end point, corresponding the manufactured board platform with the center of the vibration instrument frame, binding and fixing by a rope, and selecting two bricks and fixing the two bricks at the middle of the platform by a rope.
3. Experimental procedure
(1) A vibration method: and carrying out merging experiments on the bee colony based on the optimal operation parameters of the vibration method bee colony merging determined by the experiments. The specific experimental process is as follows: randomly selecting two bee colonies from standby bee colonies, respectively selecting three combs without queen combs from the two bee colonies, totaling six combs, respectively putting the two combs into a group, respectively putting into a modified beehive, fixing the combs by using nails, simultaneously fixing the covering cloth on the beehive by using drawing pins, sealing to ensure that no bees fly out, standing for 5min, placing the beehive on a vibration platform, and vibrating for 3min under the condition that the frequency is 7.1Hz and the amplitude is 10 mm. After the vibration is finished, two unfixed flashboards are drawn out, the beehive is sealed again, then the beehive is placed for 1h, the beehive is placed outdoors to fly bees after 1h, the dead number of the bees and the fighting condition of the bee lumps are counted at the same time after continuously observing for 15min, and the experimental result is recorded.
(2) Direct method (blank control group): randomly selecting two bee colonies from standby bee colonies, respectively selecting three queen-free combs from the two bee colonies, counting six combs, ensuring that the number of bees on each comb is more than 0.7, respectively putting the two combs into a group, respectively putting the reformed beehive, not placing a non-fixed gate plate into the beehive, namely ensuring that the two combs in an experiment can be directly contacted, standing for 1h after covering a single-side auxiliary cover, putting the beehive outdoors to fly bees after 1h, continuously observing for 15min, simultaneously counting the number of dead bees and the fighting condition of the bee clasping mass, and recording the experiment result.
(3) Odor interference method (floral water interference method): selecting three bee colonies from the standby bee colonies, respectively taking one out of the three bee colonies without a queen comb, ensuring that the number of bees on the spleen is more than or equal to 0.7, uniformly spraying three pieces of floral water on the front side and the back side of the spleen respectively, ensuring that the bees are not wetted with light smell, and preferably ensuring that the distance between the floral water and the honeycomb is 15 cm. In the incorporated spare hive, the combs were also sprayed with floral water so that both combs had the same odor. And (3) after the interference of the floral water, inserting the combined honeycomb into the middle of the combined colony honeycomb, putting the beehive outdoors after 1h to fly the bees, continuously observing the fighting condition of the bees at the periphery of the newly inserted honeycomb for 15min, and recording the death number and the holding number of the bees.
(4) Odor interference method (white spirit interference method): selecting three bee colonies from the standby bee colonies, respectively taking one bee colony without a king comb from the three bee colonies, ensuring that the number of bees on the comb is more than or equal to 0.7, uniformly sprinkling 20mL of white spirit on the front side and the back side of the comb, and ensuring that the comb has light smell but does not wet the bees in large quantity. In the incorporated beehive, the combs were also sprayed with white spirit, so that both combs had the same odor. After white spirit interference, the combined spleens are inserted into the middle of the combined spleens, 1h later, the beehive is placed outdoors to fly bees, the situation of bee fighting is continuously observed on the periphery of the newly inserted honeycombs for 15min, and the number of dead bees and the number of cliques of the bees are recorded.
4. Results and analysis
(1) Dead bee number results and analysis
The average of the number of dead bees recorded in the above experiment is recorded in table 1, the SPSSAU software is used to analyze the significance of the difference of the data, and the analysis result is recorded in table 1, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 method for experimental results and t test analysis of number of dead bees
Note: the same letters indicate no significant difference (p > 0.05), the lower case letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.05), and the upper case letters indicate significant difference (p < 0.01). The same as in Table 2.
As can be seen from Table 1: the number of dead bees is 3.67, and the rest are 2.33 by vibration combination, 2.33 by floral water interference and 0.67 by floral water interference. Through difference significance analysis, the direct combination method and other combination methods have obvious difference in the number of dead bees, the vibration method and the floral water interference method have no obvious difference in the number of dead bees, and the white spirit interference method, the vibration method and the floral water interference method have obvious difference in the number of dead bees. In the experiment, the white spirit interference method is used for merging the dead bees in the experimental beehive, which is probably caused by the fact that the smell of the white spirit can confuse the alert smell of the bee colony, or is caused by the fact that the sensor of the bees is passivated due to the fact that the spraying amount of the white spirit is large in the experiment; the number of dead bees is large by adopting the vibration method and is different from that of the white spirit interference method, which is probably caused by death of part of bees when the honeycomb is bound in an experiment, and the number of the lumps in the vibration method is the same as that in the white spirit interference method and is 0 in subsequent lump-holding phenomenon observation.
(2) Bee holding ball fighting result and analysis
The mean value of the number of clusters recorded in the above experiment is recorded in table 2, the data is subjected to difference significance analysis by using SPSSAU software, and the analysis result is recorded in table 2 as shown in the following table:
table 2 analysis of the experimental results and t-test analysis of the number of clusters by the methods
As can be seen from Table 2: the number of the lumps is 2.67 at most by the direct combination method, and the rest are 0.33 by the floral water interference method, 0 by the white spirit interference method and 0 by the vibration method in sequence. Through difference significance analysis, the cohesive mass number differences of the floral water interference method, the white spirit interference method and the vibration method are not significant, and the cohesive mass number differences of the direct combination method and the floral water interference method are extremely significant.
(3) The test result of the number t of dead bees in each method is compared with analysis
TABLE 3 direct method shaking method dead bee number t test analysis result
*p<0.05**p<0.01
TABLE 4 number of dead bees t test and analysis result by vibration floral water interference method
*p<0.05**p<0.01
TABLE 5 test and analysis results of number of dead bees by white spirit interference method with vibration method
*p<0.05**p<0.01
TABLE 6 test and analysis results of number of clusters t by direct floral water method
*p<0.05**p<0.01
TABLE 7 floral water interference method white spirit interference method clumping number t test analysis results
*p<0.05**p<0.01
TABLE 8 white spirit disturbance method shaking method lump number t test analysis result
*p<0.05**p<0.01
The experimental results and data analysis show that the bee colony combination by adopting the vibration method is feasible.
Experimental example 2 study of conditions for bee colony merging by vibration method
1. Required experimental materials:
four healthy, asymptomatic 8-splenic italian bees; five Langshi deca-frame beehives; five pairs of ten-frame box single-side yarn auxiliary covers; fifteen gate plates; one electric drill is used; one handle of saw; three hammers are arranged; a first vibration instrument; fifteen ropes; two weights (bricks); a wood board; tung wood strips; covering four pieces of cloth; drawing pin three boxes; the nails are multiple.
2. Preparing a bee vibration combined beehive:
marking five Langshi deca-frame beehives as A, B, C, D, E, taking out the nest door plate, sawing the upper beam of the nest frame into a proper size by using a saw, and completely blocking the notch of the nest door; the four plates were removed and nailed at the center of A, B, C, D four hives. Measuring and marking a central line of a ten-frame single-side yarn auxiliary cover, placing the central line above a fixed flashboard of a beehive A to enable the central line to be superposed with the fixed flashboard, inserting a flashboard into each of two sides of the auxiliary cover, then taking down the auxiliary cover, fixing 8mm tung wood strips cut to be as long as the inner wall of the beehive to the inner wall of the beehive on two sides of the flashboard by using nails to serve as flashboard extraction sliding grooves, and counting four flashboard extraction grooves in the beehive; taking two pieces of covering cloth of 55cm multiplied by 20cm, and fixing the long edges of the covering cloth at the long edges of the beehive body by drawing pins; drilling small holes (2 mm) at positions 2cm away from the gate plate extraction groove by using electric drills at two sides of the gate plate extraction groove, and counting eight small holes in a beehive for fixing a honeycomb. Beehive B, C, D is modified according to the above steps, except for hive entrance, beehive E is not modified.
3. Preparation of a vibration platform:
and manufacturing a support for fixing the beehive according to the width sizes of the vibrator frame and the beehive. Selecting three boards of 1.2m multiplied by 15cm, cutting one board into four small boards with equal length by a saw, measuring the middle points of the two boards of 1.2m and the four small boards of 30cm by a measuring tape and marking; the two 1.2m wood boards are placed on the ground in parallel at a distance of 3cm, two 30cm small wood boards are selected, one left board and the other right board are fixed at two ends of the two 1.2m wood boards by using nails, and the middle points of the other two 30cm small wood boards are fixed at the positions 27cm away from the middle point of the wood board at the end point. The manufactured wood board support corresponds to the center of the vibration instrument frame, the wood board support is tied and fixed by a rope, and then two bricks are selected and fixed at the middle of the platform by the rope.
4. Determination of vibration amplitude:
firstly, selecting the outermost side point of a beehive fixed support, shooting a video, calculating the corresponding amplitude of vibration, marking, selecting the same interval for measurement, measuring each point, calculating the amplitude of vibration, and finally selecting 3 points marked with a, b and c, wherein the amplitude of vibration at the a position is 7.5mm, the amplitude of vibration at the b position is 10mm, and the amplitude of vibration at the c position is 12.5 mm.
5. Determination of the vibration frequency:
through the relevant documents, the vibration frequency is in the range of 0-20Hz when the automobile runs, and the vibration energy in automobile transportation is mostly distributed in the frequency band of 0-200Hz, wherein the energy is more concentrated in the frequency band of 0-20 Hz. Meanwhile, the beehive is placed on a vibration platform for testing, when the gear is above 15, the vibration platform can generate large displacement, so that three gears of speed 1, speed 10 and speed 15 are selected under the limitation of a machine, corresponding videos are shot, and corresponding frequencies of the videos are calculated. The speed 1 is 6.1Hz, the speed 10 is 6.6Hz, and the speed 15 is 7.1 Hz.
6. Determination of the levels of the factors:
according to the method, on the basis of pre-test and reference of literature, orthogonal experiment factor levels of three factors such as vibration time, vibration frequency and vibration amplitude are respectively determined and are recorded in a table 9:
TABLE 9 levels of orthogonal experimental factors
7. Orthogonal experimental arrangement:
the number of dead bees was used as an index, and the test arrangement was performed by the orthogonal method, as shown in table 10:
table 10 orthogonal experimental design table
The beehive E is used for a blank control group, two bee colonies are randomly selected from the selected bee colonies, one spleen is randomly drawn out from each colony, the bee colonies are placed in the beehive E with the flashboards placed, the beehive E is sealed by two single-side ten-frame auxiliary covers, the middle flashboard is drawn out after the beehive E is kept still for 5min, the beehive E is left to fly after the beehive E is kept still for 1h, and the condition of the bees on the spleen surface and the number of dead bees are shot.
Matching beehives A, B with beehives C, D respectively, taking beehive A, B as an example, after inserting three gate plates into each experimental group, randomly selecting two bee colonies from the selected bee colonies, randomly selecting three queen-free bee combs from the two bee colonies respectively, totaling six combs, placing the combs of different bee colonies in pairs into a small space of the same beehive, fixing the combs by nails, covering cloth with pattern nails on the beehive, sealing to ensure that no bees fly out, and standing for 5 min. After standing, horizontally fixing the beehive on a vibration platform according to factors to perform vibration treatment, after the vibration treatment is finished, placing the beehive on a square, extracting the gate plates with unfixed two sides, sealing again, and standing for 1 h; after the process is finished, the bees in the beehive are put away, and whether fighting conditions of the bees on the spleen surface and the spleen surface occur or not and the number of dead bees in the beehive are recorded by photographing.
The above operations are repeatedly completed, each group is repeated three times to complete 9 groups of experiments, and the experimental results are recorded for later use.
According to the optimal scheme determined by the orthogonal test, vibration treatment is carried out according to the test method, three times of tests are carried out, the average value is taken, and the test result is compared with the optimal value in the orthogonal test table.
8. Results and analysis of orthogonal experiments
The results of the above experiments were averaged and reported in Table 11 as follows:
TABLE 11 range analysis table
As can be seen from the range analysis table (table 11), from the three factors of the vibration time, the vibration amplitude, and the vibration frequency, the magnitude comparison of the R value (factor range) shows that the magnitude of the effect of each factor on the bee colony combination is: vibration time, vibration amplitude and vibration frequency.
The results are shown in fig. 1, where the K avg value of the shaking time is plotted on the ordinate and the specific level of the shaking time is plotted on the abscissa.
As can be seen from fig. 1, as the vibration time is prolonged, the average value of the number of dead bees at each level decreases and then increases, which may be due to: when the vibration time is too low, the influence of vibration on bees is small, the bees on the spleen surfaces of the two spleens can be aware that the bees come from different bee colonies, and fighting occurs to cause the death of the bees; as the vibration time is prolonged, the vibration influences the emotional state and the recognition capability of the bees, and the bees cannot realize the mutual swarm under the vibration condition, so that fighting is avoided to a certain extent; however, as the vibration time is prolonged again, the influence of the vibration on the bees is gradually increased, and the longer vibration leads the bees to die due to the vibration, so that the number of dead bees is increased finally. Therefore, when the bees are merged by using the vibration method, the selection of 3min for vibration time is more suitable.
The results are plotted with the K avg value of the vibration amplitude as the ordinate and the specific level of the vibration amplitude as the abscissa, and are shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from fig. 2, as the vibration amplitude increases, the average value of the number of dead bees at each level decreases and then increases, which may be due to: when the amplitude of the vibration is small, the vibration intensity is low, the influence of the vibration on the mutual identification capability of bees is small, the bees on the spleen surfaces of the two spleens can be aware that respective bee colonies belong to, and fighting is easy to cause bee death; along with the increase of the amplitude of the vibration, the amplitude and the strength of the vibration are improved, the influence on bees is enhanced, the bees cannot identify different colonies to which the bees belong, and the fighting possibility among the bees is reduced; when the vibration amplitude is increased to 12.5mm, the influence of vibration on bees exceeds the self shock resistance of the bees, so that dead bees are killed by fighting each other, the vibration also causes death, and the average value of the number of the dead bees is increased. From this, it is found that 10mm is the most suitable vibration amplitude for the vibration treatment.
The results are plotted with the K avg value of the vibration frequency as the ordinate and the specific level of the vibration frequency as the abscissa, and are shown in fig. 3.
As can be seen from fig. 3, as the vibration frequency increases, the average value of the number of dead bees at each level is constant and then decreases, which may be due to: when the vibration frequency is at a lower level, the influence of vibration on the mutual recognition capability of bees and the emotional state of splenic bees is small, two splenic bees from different colonies can realize that the respective colonies belong to, and fighting is easy to happen to cause the death of the bees due to different colony tastes; when the vibration frequency is increased, the influence of vibration on the bees is correspondingly enhanced, so that the bees cannot identify different colonies to which the bees belong, the possibility of fighting among the bees is reduced, and the average value of the number of dead bees is reduced. In conclusion, the vibration frequency of the vibration treatment is selected to be optimal to be 7.1 Hz.
The method is characterized in that the method can be comprehensively obtained according to a range analysis table and each water average value graph of each factor, the influence of each factor on the vibration combination of the bee colony is from large to small, namely vibration time is more than vibration amplitude and more than vibration frequency, the vibration time is optimal when 3min is used, the vibration amplitude is optimal when 10mm is used, the vibration frequency is optimal when 7.1Hz is used, and in 9 set experiment groups, combination superposition does not exist, so that further verification needs to be carried out through verification experiments.
The vibration treatment combination determined by the orthogonal test is as follows: the vibration time is 3min, the vibration amplitude is 10mm, and the vibration frequency is 7.1 Hz; the verification experiment is carried out under the experimental condition, and the result is obtained: the average number of dead bees is 2.33, which meets the best effect.
In summary, the optimal operating parameters of the vibration method combined with the Italian bee colony are as follows: the vibration time is 3min, the vibration amplitude is 10mm, and the vibration frequency is 7.1 Hz. The average number of dead bees in the colony under this condition was 2.33.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
Claims (3)
1. A bee colony merging method is characterized in that the method adopts vibration to realize merging of two or more bee colonies, a queen-free bee comb is selected to be placed in a beehive, and the amplitude, frequency and time of vibration to the beehive are controlled; wherein the range of the vibration amplitude is 7.5-12.5 mm; the frequency range of the vibration is 6.1-7.1 Hz; the vibration time range is 1-5 min.
2. The merging method according to claim 1, wherein the bee colony is an artificially fed live frame bee colony.
3. The merging method according to claim 1, wherein the merged optimal vibration amplitude is 10 mm; the combined optimum vibration frequency is 7.1 Hz; the combined optimal shaking time was 3 min.
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