CN112243384B - 与源自高渗细胞溶液的细胞外物质有关的方法和组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文公开了涉及高渗溶液的组合物、药盒和方法。具体地,本文公开了用于增加来自细胞的细胞外物质的产量的方法和组合物。这发生在所述细胞暴露于高渗溶液时。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2018年5月14日提交的美国临时申请号62/671,074的权益,所述临时申请以引用的方式整体并入本文。
背景技术
细胞外物质(EM),如细胞外囊泡(EV),正在成为不同于其他治疗剂的一类新型治疗剂。一种应用是使用EM携带并递送用于治疗、成像等的外源性货物。在这种应用中,EM可从任何细胞类型收获,尽管最常见的是从易于生长或遗传修饰的细胞系收获。另一种应用是使用来自治疗性细胞的EM,EM通常从所述治疗性细胞遗传治疗性质。具有天然治疗性质的EM在再生医学中特别有前景:它们是基于细胞的疗法(一种活的治疗性产品)的无生命替代品,并且可极大地简化临床施用并改善再生医药产品的安全性特征。
制造EM中的关键瓶颈是低细胞产量。从动物研究推断,一个人类剂量的EM将需要数十亿个细胞来产生。在本领域中需要增强来自培养中的活细胞的EM产量的方法和组合物。此类方法和组合物在本文中公开。
发明内容
本文公开了与使用高渗溶液来增加细胞外物质产生的细胞有关的组合物和方法。
具体地,本文公开了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的溶液中的富集的细胞外物质群体。
本文还公开了一种药盒。所述药盒可包括例如细胞;细胞培养基;以及克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320mOsm/kg与20Osm/kg之间的溶液。
本文还公开了一种用于增加细胞外物质的累积或产生的方法,所述方法包括:将细胞浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的溶液中;将细胞在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的所述溶液中孵育;以及收集并纯化由所述细胞释放的细胞外物质。
本文公开了一种治疗有需要的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用由所述细胞释放的细胞外物质,如本文所公开。
附图和下文的描述中阐述了本发明的一个或多个实施方案的细节。本发明的其他特征、目的和优点将是从说明书和附图以及从权利要求书中显而易见的。
附图说明
图1示出对现有的现成基础培养基的评估,所述基础培养基显示260-310mOsm/kg的等渗浓度范围。
图2示出用作调节培养基克分子渗透压重量浓度的溶质的NaCl的实例。
图3示出高渗培养基可影响长期(2天)细胞存活,因此克分子渗透压重量浓度的调整对于平衡细胞存活力至关重要。
图4示出从扩增培养基转换后2天收集培养基中的细胞外囊泡产量。评估了3种不同的BM-MSC供体和2种培养基配方的EV产量。收集培养基的克分子渗透压重量浓度(+0、+200和+600)增加(即高渗)使EV产量增加。
图5示出收集培养基中的细胞外人肝细胞生长因子。评估了3种不同的BM-MSC供体和2种培养基配方的EV产量。调整收集培养基的克分子渗透压重量浓度(+0、+200和+600)可控制细胞外HGF的分泌水平。
图6示出随培养基克分子渗透压重量浓度变化的细胞外囊泡输出量。与使用等渗培养基(RoosterBasal)的48小时收集相比,高渗培养基可在30分钟内达到相同的产量,或者在相同的持续时间内使产量增加>5X。
图7A-D示出培养基中颗粒的尺寸分布。所有直方图都指示,具有不同克分子渗透压重量浓度的条件培养基含有针对细胞外囊泡所预期的尺寸范围内的颗粒。图7A示出在所有时间点的供体1。图7B示出在所有时间点的供体2。图7C示出在48小时时的供体1。图7D示出在48小时时的供体2。
图8示出从在+600mOsm/kg(收获期间)与+0mOsm/kg溶液之间交替的两次收获收集的颗粒。相似的颗粒水平表明在培养基之间交替的多次收获的可行性,并且对于多次收获使用相同的细胞培养物提高细胞生产率。
图9示出从具有不同克分子渗透压重量浓度的条件培养基中分离的颗粒含有蛋白质,所述蛋白质是来自条件培养基的重要产物。
图10A-C示出在细胞外囊泡分离后收集的颗粒的RNA分析。不同的培养基克分子渗透压重量浓度(A-C分别为0、+200、+600mOsm/kg)导致从条件培养基(在Bioanalyzer上运行)分离的颗粒的不同RNA谱。细胞外囊泡(来自条件培养基的一种产物)已知含有RNA。当克分子渗透压重量浓度增加+200mOsm/kg时,产生另外的颗粒并保持RNA谱,从而证明细胞外囊泡的生产率提高。增加至+600mOsm/kg,产生甚至更大的颗粒数,但RNA谱不同且存在较少RNA。不同的EV群体可用于不同的治疗应用。此外,这些颗粒含有较少的RNA货物,并且可用作负载有效载荷的药物递送工具。
图11A-B示出,在供体1(11A)和供体2(11B)的体外伤口愈合模型中,与对照相比,具有正常、+200mOsm/kg和+600mOsm/kg克分子渗透压重量浓度的条件培养基具有更高的闭合百分比。这证明条件培养基在伤口愈合和其他应用中具有生物活性和实用性。
具体实施方式
定义
在整个说明书和权利要求书中,除非上下文另外清楚地指明,否则以下术语采用与本文明确相关的含义。
如本文所用的短语“在一个实施方案中”不一定指相同的实施方案,尽管它可能指相同的实施方案。此外,如本文所用的短语“在另一个实施方案中”不一定指不同的实施方案,尽管它可能指不同的实施方案。因此,如下文所述,在不脱离本发明的范围或精神的情况下,本发明的各种实施方案可容易地组合。
除非上下文另外清楚地指明,否则如本文所用,术语“或”是包含性的“或”操作符,并且等效于术语“和/或”。
术语“一个/种(a/an)”和“所述”包括复数指示物。因此,“一个/种(a/an)”或“所述(the)”可意指一个或多于一个。例如,“一个”细胞和/或细胞外囊泡可意指一个细胞和/或细胞外囊泡或多个细胞和/或细胞外囊泡。
如本文所用,“干细胞”是指具有分化为多种其他细胞类型(其执行一种或多种特定功能)并具有自我更新能力的潜力的多能细胞。
如本文所用,“成体干细胞”是指不是胚胎干细胞的干细胞,并且包括新生儿干细胞。举例来说,成体干细胞包括间充质干细胞,也称为间充质基质细胞或MSC。
如本文所用,术语“施用”、“引入”、“递送”、“放置”和“移植”可互换使用,并且是指通过使得细胞和/或细胞外囊泡至少部分地定位在所需部位的方法或途径将本技术的细胞外囊泡放置在受试者体内。所述细胞和/或细胞外囊泡可通过任何适当的途径施用,所述途径使得递送至受试者中的所需位置,其中所述细胞和/或细胞外囊泡的至少一部分保留它们的治疗能力。举例来说,施用方法包括静脉内施用(i.v.)。
如本文所用,术语“治疗”包括通过以任何方式将本技术的治疗性组合物引入受试者的体内或身体上来减轻或缓解疾病或病症的至少一种不良作用或症状。
如本文所用,“治疗有效剂量”是指治疗剂的量(例如,足以带来有益的或所需的临床效果)。剂量可在一次或多次施用(例如2、3、4次等)中施用。然而,可基于每个患者的个体因素来精确确定被认为是有效剂量的剂量,所述因素包括但不限于患者的年龄、大小、疾病类型或程度、疾病阶段、施用途径、所使用的补充疗法的类型或程度、进行中的疾病过程,以及对于积极治疗对比常规治疗所需的治疗类型(例如,细胞和/或细胞外囊泡作为药学上可接受的制剂)。
如本文所用,术语“有效量”是指足以实现有益或所需结果的组合物的量。有效量可以一次或多次施用、施加或剂量来施用,并且不意图限于具体制剂或施用途径。
如本文所用,术语“药物组合物”是指活性剂细胞外囊泡与(根据需要)惰性或活性载体的组合,从而使组合物尤其适于体外、体内或离体的诊断或治疗用途。如本文所用,术语“药学上可接受的”或“药理学上可接受的”是指当施用至受试者时基本上不产生不良反应,例如毒性、过敏性或免疫反应的组合物。例如,生理盐水是药学上可接受的载体溶液。
如本文所用,术语“宿主”、“患者”或“受试者”是指有待通过本技术的制剂和/或方法治疗或将经受所述技术提供的各种测试的生物体。
术语“受试者”包括动物,优选哺乳动物,包括人。在一些实施方案中,受试者是灵长类动物。在其他优选的实施方案中,受试者是人。提供以下实施例以展现并进一步阐明本技术的某些优选实施方案和方面,并且它们不应被理解为限制本技术的范围。
除非明确地指出,否则如本文所用的术语“细胞”还指单个细胞、细胞系、原代培养物或源自此类细胞的培养物。“培养物”是指包含相同或不同类型的分离的细胞的组合物。活细胞可在细胞培养物中找到。
术语“细胞外物质”(也称为“EM”)是指存在于真核生物流体(包括血液、淋巴液、尿液、唾液和细胞培养的条件培养基)中的细胞来源的物质,包括细胞外囊泡(EV)。这种细胞外物质可源自细胞内体膜和质膜,并且可包含分泌组分。这些组分的实例包括但不限于核酸如DNA、RNA(包括miRNA)、蛋白质、多肽、碳水化合物、脂质和小分子。细胞外物质可以是细胞来源的小囊泡,并且可包括外泌体、微泡、核外颗粒体、脱落囊泡、膜囊泡、质膜囊泡或其他膜结合组件,以及凋亡小体、病毒和细胞。在某些实施方案中,细胞外物质可包含细胞外囊泡、由细胞外囊泡组成或基本上由细胞外囊泡组成。
一般描述
在本发明之前由培养的细胞产生细胞外物质的目前技术水平实践是培养细胞至汇合,冲洗以除去现有培养基,并在EM收集之前在等渗培养基中进一步孵育24-72小时。
本文公开了利用具有活细胞的高渗溶液(大于320mOsm/kg)来增加EM产生的方法和组合物。此类高渗溶液的实例包括掺有额外氯化钠的溶液。高渗溶液可以剂量依赖性方式强烈地增强EM输出率。与使用等渗培养基相比,使用本文公开的组合物和方法,可在任何时间点增强EM产生,并且可在更短的时间内收获目标产量(图6)。在来自多个来源/供体的细胞中以及在不同的培养基配方中都观察到了这种现象。也可进行多次收获,其中溶液在不同的克分子渗透压重量浓度之间交替(图8)。本文公开了利用出人意料的发现,即高渗溶液中的细胞分泌/排泄更高量的细胞外物质的方法、药盒、装置和药物组合物。
具体地,本文公开了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的溶液中的富集的细胞外物质群体。这在本文中被称为“高渗”溶液。克分子渗透压重量浓度可以是例如330、340、350、360、370、380、390、400、410、420、430、440、450、460、470、480、490、500、510、520、530、540、550、560、570、580、590、600、610、620、630、640、650、660、670、680、690、700、710、720、730、740、750、760、770、780、790、800、810、820、830、840、850、860、870、880、890、900、910、920、930、940、950、960、970、980、990或1000mOsm/kg或更高。如本文所用,“等渗”溶液是指所述溶液具有介于250与320mOsm/kg之间的克分子渗透压重量浓度。“低渗”是指低于250mOsm/kg的溶液。
所述溶液可由浓缩物配制。当是这种情况时,浓缩物的克分子渗透压重量浓度可以是1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19或20Osm/kg或更高。
还公开了悬浮在液体或胶体系统中,冷冻,干燥,冻干,固定在另一种物质的表面上或封装在另一种物质中的富集的细胞外物质或其部分的群体。还公开了所述药物组合物的分离或纯化的部分。
细胞外物质可源自活细胞或存活细胞。这些细胞可在例如培养物中找到。细胞的实例包括但不限于干细胞、原代细胞、免疫细胞、它们的子细胞或它们的分化衍生物。细胞可以是例如永生化的原代细胞。下文更详细地描述用于本发明的细胞。
本文还公开了一种药盒。所述药盒可包括例如细胞;细胞培养基;以及克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320mOsm/kg与20Osm/kg之间的溶液。可使用的细胞培养基的实例是杜尔贝科氏改良的伊格尔氏培养基(DMEM)、DMEM/F12、最低必需培养基伊格尔α(MEMα)、(RoswellPark Memorial Institute)RPMI和伊斯科夫氏改良的杜尔贝科氏培养基(IMDM)。细胞培养基含有必需的营养物质和矿物质,以维持所培养的细胞的存活力。细胞培养基和溶液可在相同的配方中或一起配制。
所述细胞可在悬浮中;在诸如烧瓶、板、微载体、薄膜、织物或纤维的固体基底上;在诸如水凝胶的柔软基底上或内部;呈聚集体形式;呈单细胞溶液形式或它们的组合。在一些实施方案中,所述药盒的细胞已经在无高渗溶液的情况下(如在等渗溶液中)培养3天或更多天。举例来说,这种培养可以是在暴露于高渗溶液之前3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12、13、14、15天或更多天。高渗溶液可含有细胞培养基,如DMEM、DMEM/F12、MEMα、RPMI或IMDM,而没有添加的蛋白质。
条件培养基可与本文公开的细胞一起使用,并且可提供各种特定属性或特征,所述属性或特征是所需的并且增强细胞外物质的产生或促进胞外物质的收集。条件培养基组合物通常包含必需氨基酸、盐、维生素、矿物质、微量金属、糖、脂质和核苷。细胞培养基能够供应满足在受控环境中生长细胞所需的营养需求所必需的组分。营养物质配方、pH和其他因素可根据参数(如细胞类型、细胞密度和所采用的培养系统)而变化。通过在培养基中培养第一细胞群体、然后收获培养基来制备“条件培养基”。然后可将条件培养基(连同由细胞分泌到培养基中的任何物质)用于支持第二细胞群体的生长或引发第二细胞群体的应答。
条件培养基含有培养基的许多原始组分,以及各种细胞代谢产物和分泌的蛋白质,包括例如生物活性生长因子、炎症介质和其他细胞外蛋白质。例如,图9示出从具有不同克分子渗透压重量浓度的条件培养基中分离的颗粒含有蛋白质,所述蛋白质是来自条件培养基的重要产物。
本文还公开了一种用于增加细胞外物质的累积或产生的方法,所述方法包括:将细胞浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的溶液中;将细胞在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的所述溶液中孵育;以及收集并纯化由所述细胞释放的细胞外物质。
当孵育时间相同时,与在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于250与320mOsm/kg之间的溶液中相比,细胞外物质的增加的累积或产生在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于320与1000mOsm/kg之间的所述溶液中更高。“更高”是指与等渗溶液相比,来自高渗溶液的产生的增加是10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%或更大。产生的增加也可随时间变化来测量,当与等渗溶液中来自细胞的EM产生相比时,在高渗溶液中源自细胞的细胞外物质的增加在1、2、4、8、12、24、28或72小时时间段内是10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%或更大。在一个实例中,可定制细胞外物质以产生特定的所需结果。
在暴露于高渗溶液之前或之后,可将细胞浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于与320mOsm/kg之间的溶液(等渗溶液)中。在一个实例中,可使细胞交替暴露于高渗溶液和等渗溶液。高渗溶液与等渗溶液之间的这种交替可发生2、3、4、5次或更多次。可通过由泵、重力、毛细管作用或对流驱动的流体流而引入所溶液。例如,交替溶液的结果可在图8中观察到。
本文公开的方法可在低氧环境中进行。“低氧环境”是指其中大气氧测得介于0%与20%之间,或其中溶解氧测得介于0%与80%之间。可在介于4℃与45℃之间的温度下孵育所述细胞和溶液。存在或不存在所述细胞的所述溶液的pH可测得介于6.5与8.0之间。细胞存活力可以是50%、60%、70%、80%、90%或100%,或介于两者之间的任何数量。
本文还公开了一种治疗有需要的受试者的方法,所述方法包括向所述受试者施用由所述细胞释放的细胞外物质,如本文所公开。本文所述的方法可用于治疗多种疾病和病症,包括但不限于移植物抗宿主病、肺动脉高压、关节炎、眼外伤和肾衰竭。本文公开的组合物可用于促进血管生成、伤口愈合和皮肤再生。例如,本文公开的组合物可置于贴剂上,如水凝胶贴剂。所述贴剂可包含产生细胞外囊泡的活细胞,并且所述活细胞可置于高渗溶液中。所述贴剂可在有需要的受试者上使用。使用所述组合物来帮助伤口愈合的实例可在图11中观察到。
如“定义”部分中所描述,细胞外物质可以是通过分泌或排泄从细胞中挤出的任何物质。这种细胞外物质可用于多种目的,包括治疗目的和诊断目的。本发明所考虑的合乎需要的细胞外物质的实例包括但不限于CD9、CD63、CD81、主要组织相容性复合物或人白细胞抗原、整联蛋白、四跨膜蛋白、选择素、基质金属蛋白酶、热休克蛋白、组蛋白、淀粉样蛋白、病毒组分、胆固醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸、核酸(包括RNA、DNA和微小RNA)或它们的组合。细胞外物质可用作生物标志物或靶标,并且因此可使用适合检测的任何材料。举例来说,可使用测定或诊断测试来检测细胞外物质。本文考虑了此类测定和诊断测试。
所述药物组合物还可包含与所述细胞外物质或其部分融合的其他细胞外物质、细胞、膜结合组件或含脂质组件。细胞外物质可具有介于50与1000nm之间或高于、低于或介于两者之间的任何量的平均粒径或平均流体动力学直径。实例包括50、100、200、300、400、500、600、700、800、900或1000nm。在一个实例中,细胞外物质可具有负表面电荷或负ζ电位。
所述药物组合物可包括在体外维持细胞活力所需的其他组分。此类组分的实例包括但不限于锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、氯化物盐、磷酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸氢盐和/或柠檬酸盐。所述药物组合物还可包含促进血管生成或新血管形成的化学物质,如血管生成素(Ang-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)和金属蛋白酶的组织抑制剂(TIMP)。所述药物组合物还可包含小分子、造影剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、蛋白质、脂质、核酸、碳水化合物、它们的衍生物或它们的组合,以影响所述富集的细胞外物质或其部分的群体的物理化学特征、生物分布、药代动力学、药效学或生物学功能的永久或暂时变化。
本文公开的EM可包含用于递送至有需要的受试者的货物。所述货物可缀合至EM,包埋在EM内,包封在EM内,或以其他方式由EM如细胞外囊泡携带。或者,EM本身也可以是货物。因此,如本文所用,对在EM中“存在”的货物的提及应理解为包括任何前述携带货物的方式。
在一些实施方案中,EM(如细胞外囊泡)负载有单一货物或两种(或更多种)不同货物的2-5个分子或拷贝。在一些实施方案中,外泌体或其药物组合物负载有单一货物或两种(或更多种)不同货物的1-4,000、10-4,000、50-3,500、100-3,000、200-2,500、300-1,500、500-1,200、750-1,000、1-2,000、1-1,000、1-500、10-400、50-300、1-250、1-100、2-50、2-25、2-15、2-10、3-50、3-25、3-25、3-10、4-50、4-25、4-15、4-10、5-50、5-25、5-15或5-10个分子或拷贝。货物是内源性的或外源性的,并且在存在两种或更多种货物的情况下,每种货物独立地是内源性的或外源性的。
货物可以是内源性货物、外源性货物或它们的组合。可缀合、包埋、包封在本文所述的细胞外囊泡中或由本文所述的细胞外囊泡以其他方式携带的货物的实例包括但不限于核酸分子(例如,DNA、cDNA、反义寡核苷酸、mRNA、抑制性RNA(例如,反义RNA、miRNA、小干扰RNA(siRNA)、短发夹RNA(shRNA)和agomiR)、antagomiR、初级miRNA(pri-miRNA)、长非编码RNA(IncRNA)、小核RNA(snRNA)、小核仁RNA(snoRNA)和微生物RNA)、多肽(例如,酶、抗体)、脂质、激素、维生素、矿物质、小分子和药物,或它们的任何组合。
EM(如本文所述的细胞外囊泡)可包含一种或多种货物,其中所述一种或多种货物是治疗性分子。示例性小分子包括但不限于抗生素、类固醇、固醇、肽、天然产物、生物碱、萜烯和合成分子。
货物本质上可以是诊断性的或治疗性的。当用于诊断目的时,货物可包括例如显像剂。如本文所用,显像剂是直接或间接发射信号、从而允许其检测的剂。本文公开了可使用医学成像技术如核医学扫描和磁共振成像(MRI)检测的成像剂如造影剂和放射性剂。还公开了用于荧光成像的显像剂,如荧光染料或染料缀合的纳米颗粒。在其他实施方案中,待递送的剂与显像剂缀合、或融合、或混合或组合。
治疗性分子可缀合至细胞外囊泡,包埋在细胞外囊泡内,包封在细胞外囊泡内,或由细胞外囊泡以其他方式携带,或它们的任何组合。治疗剂的实例包括但不限于:mRNA和/或由所述mRNA编码的多肽(例如,Cre重组酶、胰岛素、肽激素和酶)、miRNA、siRNA或具有治疗价值的miRNA拮抗剂、可能不稳定或具有低生物利用度的营养物(例如,维生素B1和B12、多不饱和脂肪酸)、药物(例如,抗生素(如嘌呤霉素、庆大霉素和新霉素)、癌症药物(如化学疗法、免疫疗法、激素疗法和靶向疗法)、Toll样受体的活化剂)以及将被递送至巨噬细胞的分子(例如,以除去或预防动脉粥样硬化斑块或治疗巨噬细胞有关的癌症),以及本文提供的任何其他治疗性货物分子。
在一些实施方案中,治疗剂是生物制剂。在一些实施方案中,所述生物制剂选自激素、过敏原、佐剂、抗原、免疫原、疫苗、干扰素、白细胞介素、生长因子、单克隆抗体(mAb)。在一些实施方案中,生物制剂是多肽或肽。
在一些实施方案中,EM可被工程化为部分或完全耗减货物的全部或选择要素,以专门地改变所需的有效载荷或准备另外的货物负载方式。工程化EM(如细胞外囊泡)的方法在现有技术中是已知的,并且在Dhruvitkumar等人(2017)Low active loading of cargointo engineered extracellular vesicles results in inefficient miRNA mimicdelivery,Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,6:1中进行了描述,所述文献对于其有关EM和货物的教义以引用的方式整体并入本文。
与本文所述的本文公开的组合物一起使用的细胞可以是能够培养的任何细胞,并且可包括活细胞、存活细胞。可对细胞进行修饰。例如,可对细胞进行遗传修饰以影响所述细胞外物质的物理化学特征、生物分布、药代动力学、药效学或生物学功能的永久或暂时变化。
在一些实施方案中,所公开的组合物含有干细胞或祖细胞。多能干细胞、成体干细胞、囊胚来源的干细胞、生殖嵴来源的干细胞、畸胎瘤来源的干细胞、全能干细胞、多潜能干细胞、制瘤素依赖性干细胞(OISC)、胚胎干细胞(ES)、胚胎生殖细胞(EG)和胚胎癌细胞(EC)都是干细胞的实例。干细胞可具有多种不同的性质以及这些性质的类别。例如,在一些形式中,干细胞能够以未分化状态增殖至少10、15、20、30或更多代。在一些形式中,干细胞可增殖超过一年而不分化。干细胞还可在增殖和/或分化的同时维持正常的核型(karyotype)。干细胞还能够保留分化成中胚层、内胚层和外胚层组织(包括生殖细胞、卵子和精子)的能力。一些干细胞也可以是能够在体外以未分化状态无限增殖的细胞。一些干细胞还可通过长时间培养来维持正常的核型。即使在长时间培养后,一些干细胞仍能够保持分化为所有三个胚芽层(内胚层、中胚层和外胚层)的衍生物的潜力。一些干细胞可在生物体中形成任何细胞类型。一些干细胞可在某些条件下形成类胚体,如在不维持未分化生长的培养基上生长。例如,一些干细胞可通过与胚泡融合而形成嵌合体。一些干细胞可通过遗传或化学手段从非干细胞中诱导或转化。
一些干细胞可通过多种标志物来定义。例如,一些干细胞表达碱性磷酸酶。一些干细胞表达SSEA-1、SSEA-3、SSEA-4、TRA-1-60和/或TRA-1-81。一些干细胞不表达SSEA-1、SSEA-3、SSEA-4、TRA-1-60和/或TRA-1-81。一些干细胞表达Oct4、Sox2和Nanog。应当理解,例如在细胞表面上或细胞内,一些干细胞将在mRNA水平下表达这些,并且仍然其他干细胞还将在蛋白质水平下表达它们。
在一些实施方案中,所公开的组合物包含除干细胞以外的细胞。成年人体产生许多不同的细胞类型。这些不同的细胞类型包括但不限于角质化上皮细胞、湿复层屏障上皮细胞、外分泌腺分泌的上皮细胞、激素分泌细胞、上皮吸收细胞(肠、外分泌腺和泌尿生殖道)、代谢和储存细胞、屏障功能细胞(肺、肠、外分泌腺和泌尿生殖道)、内衬封闭的内部体腔的上皮细胞、具有推进功能的纤毛细胞、细胞外基质分泌细胞、收缩细胞、血液和免疫系统细胞、感官转导器细胞、自主神经元细胞、感觉器官和周围神经元支持细胞、中枢神经系统神经元和神经胶质细胞、晶状体细胞、色素细胞、生殖细胞和哺育细胞。
人类身体的细胞包括角质化上皮细胞:表皮角质形成细胞(分化表皮细胞),表皮基底细胞(干细胞),手指甲和脚趾甲的角质形成细胞,甲床基底细胞(干细胞),髓质毛干细胞,皮质毛干细胞,表皮毛干细胞,表皮毛根鞘细胞,赫胥黎氏层毛根鞘细胞,亨利氏层毛根鞘细胞,外毛根鞘细胞,毛母质细胞(干细胞);湿复层屏障上皮细胞:角膜、舌头、口腔、食道、肛管、尿道远端和阴道的复层鳞状上皮的表面上皮细胞,角膜、舌头、口腔、食道、肛管、尿道远端和阴道上皮的基底细胞(干细胞),尿道上皮细胞(内衬膀胱和输尿管);外分泌腺分泌的上皮细胞:唾液腺粘液细胞(富含多糖的分泌物),唾液腺浆液细胞(富含糖蛋白酶的分泌物),舌头中的冯·埃布纳腺细胞(冲刷味蕾),乳腺细胞(乳汁分泌),泪腺细胞(泪液分泌),耳的耵聍腺细胞(蜡质耳垢分泌),外泌汗腺暗细胞(糖蛋白分泌),外泌汗腺透明细胞(小分子分泌),顶泌汗腺细胞(性激素敏感的体味分泌),眼睑的墨氏腺细胞(特殊汗腺),皮脂腺细胞(富含脂质的皮脂分泌),鼻的鲍曼氏腺细胞(冲刷嗅觉上皮),十二指肠的布伦纳氏腺细胞(酶和碱性粘液),精囊细胞(分泌精液组分,包括精子游动所需的果糖),前列腺腺细胞(分泌精液组分),尿道球腺细胞(粘液分泌),巴多林氏腺细胞(阴道润滑物质分泌),利特雷腺细胞(粘液分泌),子宫内膜细胞(碳水化合物分泌),呼吸道和消化道的孤立杯状细胞(粘液分泌),胃内衬粘膜细胞(粘液分泌),胃腺酶原细胞(胃蛋白酶原分泌),胃腺泌酸细胞(HCl分泌),胰腺腺泡细胞(碳酸氢盐和消化酶分泌),小肠帕内特细胞(溶菌酶分泌);肺II型肺细胞(表面活性物质分泌),肺克拉拉细胞;激素分泌细胞:分泌生长激素的垂体前叶细胞,分泌促卵泡激素的垂体前叶细胞,分泌促黄体激素的垂体前叶细胞,分泌催乳素的垂体前叶细胞,分泌促肾上腺皮质激素的垂体前叶细胞,分泌促甲状腺激素的垂体前叶细胞,分泌促黑激素的垂体中叶细胞,分泌催产素的垂体后叶细胞,分泌加压素的垂体后叶细胞,分泌血清素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌内啡肽的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌生长激素抑制素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌胃泌素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌促胰液素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌缩胆囊素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌胰岛素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌胰高血糖素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌蛙皮素的肠和呼吸道细胞,分泌甲状腺激素的甲状腺细胞,分泌降钙素的甲状腺细胞,分泌甲状旁腺激素的甲状旁腺细胞,甲状旁腺嗜酸细胞,分泌肾上腺素的肾上腺细胞,分泌去甲肾上腺素的肾上腺细胞,分泌类固醇激素(盐皮质激素和糖皮质激素)的肾上腺细胞,分泌睾丸素的睾丸间质细胞,分泌雌激素的卵泡内膜细胞,分泌孕酮的破裂卵泡的黄体细胞,肾脏肾小球旁器细胞(肾素分泌),肾脏致密斑细胞,肾脏极周细胞,肾脏系膜细胞;上皮吸收细胞(肠、外分泌腺和泌尿生殖道):小肠刷状缘细胞(具有微绒毛),外分泌腺纹状管细胞,胆囊上皮细胞,肾近端小管刷状缘细胞,肾远端小管细胞,输出小管无纤毛细胞,附睾主细胞,附睾基底细胞;代谢和储存细胞:肝细胞(肝细胞),白色脂肪细胞,褐色脂肪细胞,肝脂肪细胞;屏障功能细胞(肺、肠、外分泌腺和泌尿生殖道):I型肺细胞(内衬肺的气室),胰管细胞(泡心细胞),(汗腺、唾液腺、乳腺等的)非纹状管细胞,肾脏肾小球壁细胞,肾脏肾小球足细胞,亨利氏套细段细胞(肾脏中),肾脏集合管细胞,(精囊、前列腺等的)导管细胞;内衬封闭的内部体腔的上皮细胞:血管和淋巴管内皮穿孔细胞,血管和淋巴管内皮连续细胞,血管和淋巴管内皮脾脏细胞,滑膜细胞(内衬关节腔,透明质酸分泌),浆膜细胞(内衬腹膜、胸膜和心包腔),鳞状细胞(内衬耳的外淋巴隙),鳞状细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),具有微绒毛的内淋巴囊的柱状细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),无微绒毛的内淋巴囊的柱状细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),暗细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),前庭膜细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),血管纹基底细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),血管纹边缘细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),克劳迪亚斯细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),伯特歇尔细胞(内衬耳的内淋巴隙),脉络丛细胞(脑脊液分泌),软膜蛛网膜鳞状细胞,眼色素沉着睫状上皮细胞,眼非色素沉着睫状上皮细胞,角膜内皮细胞;具推进功能的纤毛细胞:呼吸道纤毛细胞,输卵管纤毛细胞(女性中),子宫内膜纤毛细胞(女性中),睾丸网纤毛细胞(男性中),输出小管纤毛细胞(男性中),中枢神经系统的纤毛室管膜细胞(内衬脑腔);细胞外基质分泌细胞:成釉细胞上皮细胞(牙釉质分泌),耳前庭器官的半月面上皮细胞(蛋白聚糖分泌),柯蒂氏器官齿间上皮细胞(分泌覆盖毛细胞的覆膜),疏松结缔组织成纤维细胞,角膜成纤维细胞,肌腱成纤维细胞,骨髓网状组织成纤维细胞,其他(非上皮)成纤维细胞,毛细血管周细胞,椎间盘髓核细胞,成牙骨质细胞/牙骨质细胞(牙根骨样牙骨质分泌),成牙本质细胞/牙本质细胞(牙齿牙本质分泌),透明软骨软骨细胞,纤维软骨软骨细胞,弹性软骨软骨细胞,成骨细胞/骨细胞,骨祖细胞(成骨细胞干细胞),眼玻璃体的玻璃体细胞,耳外淋巴隙的星状细胞;收缩细胞:红色骨骼肌细胞(慢),白色骨骼肌细胞(快),中间骨骼肌细胞,肌梭--核袋细胞,肌梭--核链细胞,卫星细胞(干细胞),普通心肌细胞,结节状心肌细胞,浦肯野纤维细胞,平滑肌细胞(各种类型),虹膜肌上皮细胞,外分泌腺的肌上皮细胞;血液和免疫系统细胞:红细胞(Erythrocyte)(红细胞(red bloodcell)),巨核细胞,单核细胞,结缔组织巨噬细胞(各种类型),表皮朗格汉斯细胞,破骨细胞(骨骼中),树突状细胞(淋巴组织中),小胶质细胞(中枢神经系统中),嗜中性粒细胞,嗜酸性粒细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞,肥大细胞,辅助T淋巴细胞,抑制T淋巴细胞,杀伤T淋巴细胞,IgMB淋巴细胞,IgG B淋巴细胞,IgA B淋巴细胞,IgE B淋巴细胞,杀伤细胞,血液和免疫系统的干细胞和定向祖细胞(各种类型);感官转导器细胞:眼的感光杆细胞,眼的感光蓝光敏感性视锥细胞,眼的感光绿光敏感性视锥细胞,眼的感光红光敏感性视锥细胞,柯蒂氏器官的耳内毛细胞,柯蒂氏器官的耳外毛细胞,耳前庭器官的I型毛细胞(加速和重力),耳前庭装置的II型毛细胞(加速和重力),I型味蕾细胞,嗅觉神经元,嗅觉上皮的基底细胞(嗅觉神经元的干细胞),I型颈动脉体细胞(血液pH传感器),II型颈动脉体细胞(血液pH传感器),上皮的梅克尔细胞(触觉感受器),触敏初级感觉神经元(各种类型),冷敏初级感觉神经元,热敏初级感觉神经元,痛敏初级感觉神经元(各种类型),本体感受性初级感觉神经元(各种类型);自主神经元细胞:胆碱能神经细胞(各种类型),肾上腺能神经细胞(各种类型),肽能神经细胞(各种类型);感觉器官和周围神经元支持细胞:科蒂氏器官的内柱细胞,科蒂氏器官的外柱细胞,科蒂氏器官的内指状细胞,科蒂氏器官的外指状细胞,科蒂氏器官的边缘细胞,科蒂氏器官的汉森细胞,前庭器官支持细胞,I型味蕾支持细胞,嗅觉上皮支持细胞,施万细胞,卫星细胞(包封周围神经细胞体),肠胶质细胞;中枢神经系统神经元和胶质细胞:神经元细胞(种类繁多,仍然较差分类),星形细胞胶质细胞(各种类型),少突细胞胶质细胞;晶状体细胞:晶状体前上皮细胞,含晶状体蛋白的晶状体纤维细胞;色素细胞:黑素细胞、视网膜色素上皮细胞;生殖细胞:卵原细胞/卵母细胞,精母细胞,精原细胞(精母细胞的干细胞);哺育细胞:卵巢卵泡细胞,塞尔托利氏细胞(睾丸中)和胸腺上皮细胞。
在一些情况下,细胞是间充质干细胞(MSC)或骨髓基质细胞(BMSC)。这些术语在本文全文中同义地使用。MSC是令人感兴趣的,因为它们可容易地从少量骨髓抽吸物或其他间充质干细胞来源中分离,并且它们容易地产生单细胞来源的集落。骨髓细胞可获自髂嵴、股骨、胫骨、脊柱、肋骨、膝盖或其他间充质组织。MSC的其他来源包括胚胎卵黄囊、胎盘、脐带、皮肤、脂肪、来自关节的滑膜组织和血液。MSC在培养集落中的存在可通过用单克隆抗体鉴定的特异性细胞表面标志物来验证。参见美国专利号5,486,359和7,153,500。单细胞来源的集落可在约10周内扩增多达50群体倍增数,并且能够分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、软骨细胞(Friedenstein等人,1970 Cell Tissue Kinet.3:393-403;Castro-Malaspina等人,1980 Blood 56:289-301;Beresford等人,1992 J.Cell Sci.102:341-351;Prockop,1997Science 276:71-74)、肌细胞(Wakitani等人,1995 Muscle Nerve 18:1417-1426)、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞和神经元(Azizi等人,1998 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 95:3908-3913);Kopen等人1999 Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 96:10711-10716;Chopp等人,2000Neuroreport II 300 1-3005;Woodbury等人,2000 Neuroscience Res.61:364-370)。在极少数情况下,细胞可分化成所有三个种系的细胞。因此,MSC充当多种间充质细胞谱系的祖细胞,包括骨骼、软骨、韧带、肌腱、脂肪、肌肉、心脏组织、基质、真皮和其他结缔组织。参见美国专利号6,387,369和7,101,704。由于这些原因,目前正在测试MSC在许多人疾病的细胞和基因疗法中的潜在用途(Horwitz等人,1999 Nat.Med.5:309-313;Caplan,等人2000Clin.Orthoped.379:567-570)。
在一些情况下,MSC可通过多种标志物来定义。例如,MSC对于CD73、CD90、CD166可呈阳性,并且对于CD14、CD34和CD45可呈阴性。
细胞可源自人或其他动物。例如,细胞可源自小鼠、豚鼠、大鼠、牛、马、猪、绵羊或山羊。在一些实施方案中,细胞源自非人灵长类动物。在一些情况下,细胞被用作自体或同种异体治疗。
已经描述了本发明的多个实施方案。然而,应理解的是,可在不背离本发明的精神和范围的情况下进行各种修改。因此,其他实施方案也处于以下权利要求书的范围内。
实施例
实施例1:高渗溶液中源自间充质干细胞的细胞外物质
如本文所提及,“高渗溶液”被配制成总克分子渗透压重量浓度>350mOsm/kg,其用于从细胞收集或提取细胞外囊泡(EV)或其他细胞来源的物质。本文提及的EV包括外泌体、微泡和不同于凋亡小体的任何其他EV。本文所提及的细胞可以是人间充质干细胞(hMSC)。
本发明的应用不受单个细胞类型的特定要求的限制:高渗溶液的配方可变化以适应各种情况,只要总克分子渗透压重量浓度超过350mOsm/kg即可。一种情况是其中需要细胞附着或存活力。当溶液的克分子渗透压重量浓度增加至443mOsm/kg时;当溶液的克分子渗透压重量浓度增加至658Osm/kg时;并且当IMDM(301mOsm/kg)的克分子渗透压重量浓度增加至498mOsm/kg时,细胞保持附着/存活。在这些情况下,与等渗培养基相比,EV产量在30分钟内增加>10X。此外,与等渗培养基能够在48小时内产生的EV相比,所公开的高渗溶液在12小时内产生更多的EV(图6)。
可针对特定应用监测并确立不同供体和制剂的细胞活力,并且本领域技术人员将能够确定用于确定用途的特定溶液的适当克分子渗透压重量浓度。此外,与等渗培养基能够在48小时内产生的EV相比,本文公开的高渗溶液的一个实例在30分钟内产生更多的EV(图6)。
在任一情况下,更快地产生更多的EV—在这些实验中出人意料的独特特征(图6)。特别地,通过在2,000rcf下离心细胞培养上清液20分钟来除去凋亡小体后,对EV进行定量。因此,尽管培养基高渗性可能降低细胞附着或存活力,但EV的增加并不是由于凋亡小体的增加。
除非另外定义,否则本文使用的所有技术和科学术语均具有与公开的发明所属领域的技术人员通常所理解的含义相同的含义。本文所引用的出版物以及引用所述出版物所涉及到的材料明确地以引用的方式并入。
本领域的技术人员仅仅使用常规实验将认识到或者能够确定本文所述的发明的具体实施方案的许多等效方案。此类等效方案意图由以下权利要求书涵盖。
Claims (16)
1.一种对培养的活细胞进行细胞外物质富集的方法,所述方法包括:
a.将细胞浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于400与855mOsm/kg之间的溶液中;
b.将细胞在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于400与855mOsm/kg之间的所述溶液中孵育;
c.收集并纯化由所述细胞释放的细胞外物质;
其中与未浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于400与855mOsm/kg之间的溶液中或未在所述溶液中孵育的细胞相比,所述细胞产生增加的细胞外物质累积或产生。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中当孵育时间相同时,与在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于250与320mOsm/kg之间的溶液中相比,所述增加的细胞外物质累积或产生在克分子渗透压重量浓度介于400与855mOsm/kg之间的所述溶液中更高。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述孵育时间是介于0.5-72小时之间的孵育时间。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述细胞已经过遗传修饰以影响所述细胞外物质的物理化学特征、生物分布、药代动力学、药效学或生物学功能的永久或暂时变化。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述细胞是在悬浮中;在固体基底上;在柔软基底上或内部;呈聚集体形式;呈单细胞溶液形式或它们的组合。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述固体基底是微载体、薄膜或纤维,所述柔软基底是水凝胶。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中在步骤a)之前,所述细胞已经被浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于250与320mOsm/kg之间的溶液中。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,所述方法还包括,在步骤b)之后,在进行至步骤c)之前,将细胞浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于250与320mOsm/kg之间的溶液中。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中在进行至步骤c)之前,将细胞交替浸入克分子渗透压重量浓度介于250与320mOsm/kg之间的溶液和克分子渗透压重量浓度介于400与855mOsm/kg之间的溶液中。
10.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述溶液通过由泵、重力、毛细管作用或对流驱动的流体流而引入。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,所述方法还包括低氧环境,其中大气氧测得介于0%与20%之间,或其中溶解氧测得介于0%与80%之间。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述细胞和所述溶液在介于4℃与45℃之间的温度下孵育。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中存在或不存在所述细胞的所述溶液的pH测得介于6.5与8.0之间。
14.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中至少50%的所收集细胞包含具有所需功能性的细胞外物质。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述细胞外物质具有可测量的生物标志物或可测量的靶标。
16.一种分析测定法,所述分析测定法包括如权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述细胞外物质具有所述测定法的可测量的靶标或生物标志物。
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